高中英语 虚拟语气精讲 含近几年高考题

TheSubjunctiveMood虚拟语气在英语中随着说话人意图的不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。英语语气有三种：语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。②祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。

Pleasebecareful.请细心点。①陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

Therearetwosidestoeveryquestion.

③虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。

IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！Iwishyouweremorecareful.但愿你更细心些。虚拟语气的应用A.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用B.虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用C.虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用A.

虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。如果假设的情况与事实相反，或根本不可能实现，或发生的可能性很小，就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。两种条件句的谓语动词形式各不相同。真实条件句用陈述语气的动词形式，而非真实条件句用虚拟语气的动词形式。与事实相反！1)Ifhehastime,hewillgoshoppingtonight.2)IfIhadtime,Iwouldvisityou.与现在事实相反：虚拟条件句主句didbe---wereshould/would/could/might+do如果我是你，我会更加努力学习英语。IfIwereyou,IwouldstudyEnglishharder.Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。与过去事实相反虚拟条件句主句haddoneshould/would/might/could+have+done

如果昨天你在这儿，就什么事都不会发生了。Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.如果我早到一点的话，我就会赶上那辆公共汽车了。IfIhadgotthereearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthebus.与将来事实相反虚拟条件句主句Did/

wereshoulddoweretodoshould/would/could/might+do表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(wereto)+动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/couldmight+动词原形。明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考试了。Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.要是失败了，我会再试一次。IfitwereSundaytomorrow,wewouldn’thaveanexam.形式情况条件从句主句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)

would(should,could,might)+dohad+done

would(should,could,might)+havedone1.过去式/were2.should+do3.wereto+do

would(should,could,might)+do含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如果有had,should,were可以将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语实行部分倒装。注意一：

eg:Ifitshouldbefine,wewouldgoforanouting.

Shoulditbefine,wewouldgoforanouting.

eg:Iftheyhadhadtime,theywouldhavecomeandhelpedus.

Hadtheyhadtime,theywouldhavecomeandhelpedus.

Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.

Wereittoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.Exercises:1.I______________(come)tooifIhadtimetospare.2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________(come),shewouldhavemetmybrother.3.Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringthedaytime,there________________(be)moredeaths.should/wouldcomehadcomewouldhavebeen

4.Ifit___________________________(rain)tomorrow,we________________(notgoout).5.______(be)Iingoodhealth,I_____________(go)withyoutomorrow.

rained/shouldrain/weretorainwouldnotgooutWerewould/shouldgo当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。注意二：如果他早点出发，他现在已到家了。Ifhehadsetoutearlier,hewouldbehomenow.假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.B.

虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用1、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法①

Itisdesired（suggestedrequested,ordered,demanded…)+that…;②Itisstrange(necessary,possible,important,natural…)+that…;③Itisapity(nowonder…)+that…等结构后的主语从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should常被省略。例:Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.他那样说话，令人吃惊。Itisstrangethathe(should)sayso.

真遗憾，你失去了这么好的机会。Ithasbeendecidedthatthesportsmeet(should)beputofftillnextmonth.已经决定了把运动会推迟至下个月。Itisapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。Itisnecessarythatahighschoolstudentshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法（1）在表示提议、要求、命令、决定等动词如suggest,command,require,request,demand,propose,insist,order等）后的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”。Should常被省略。一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（order,command）,三个建议（suggest,advise,propose）,四个要求（ask,demandrequest,require）Theyproposedthattheprize(should)begiventoourmonitor.他们建议把奖品给我们的班长.Iinsistthathegivememymoneyback.我要求他把钱退给我。eg:Heorderedthatthemedicine(should)besentbyaspecialplane.他命令用专机送药品。Heinsistedthathewasnotathiefandthathebesetfree.Herpalefacesuggestedshewasill.注意：若insist表示“坚持说”，suggest表示“表明了，暗示了”，后面是宾语从句用陈述语气他命令用专机送药品。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.（2）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1）表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。我希望知道这个问题的答案。IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.IwishitwereautumninBeijingalltheyeararound.2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”或“would,could,might+havedone”

。我真希望没花那么多钱。IwishIhadn’tspentsomuchmoney.他真希望没有失去那机会。Hewisheshehadnotlostthechance.例:IwishI______longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.

A.couldhaveslept

B.slept

C.mayhaveslept

D.haveslept

本题后半句谓语动词是过去时hadtogetupandcome,所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以,选项A)couldhaveslept是答案.

3）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would/should/could/might

＋动词原形”。但愿雨能很快停止。Iwishitwouldstoprainingsoon.但愿你能立刻来。Iwishyoucouldcomesoon.Exercises:

Thelastchancehasbeenlost.Howhewisheshewouldhaveanotherchance.IwishIhadlearnedmore.我多希望我像你一样强壮。我多希望我以前多学一些。最后一次机会他也失去了，他多么希望他能再有一次机会啊！

IwishIwereasstrongasyou.

（3）在主语＋wouldrather＋that宾语从句中，从句谓语用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.Theywouldrathergowithme.Iwouldratherwehadtheexamtomorrow.Iwouldrathernothinghadhappenedlastnight.

3.虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句的用法在suggestion,proposal,order,idea,news,request,advice,demand,plan

等名词后面的表语从句中的谓语动词用should+动词原形，should常省略。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagain.Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.

Mysuggestionthatwe(should)dotheexperimentagainisacceptedbythem.

由asif,asthough引导的状语从句和表语从句时，从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或“had＋过去分词”。(和虚拟条件谓语动词形式一样)4、asif,asthough在状语从句和表语从句的用法Hebehavesasifheownedthehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)

eg:HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.

eg:Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.Itseems_________it______alreadysummer.看起来好象到夏天了。asifwere他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanEnglishman.他说起英语来好像他是个英国人似的。Theytalkedaboutthecityasiftheyhadbeentherebefore.他们谈论那座城市好像他们以前真去过那儿似的。注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。6.Itisstrangethathe_____________(make)suchamistake.That’sunexpected.7.Itwasrequiredthateachstudent________(bring)enoughfoodonthetrip.8.Mydemandisthatyou_____________(get)upatsix.9.Hespeaksasifhe___________(be)anEnglishman.10.Theytalkedasifthey_____________(be)goodfriendsforyears.

shouldmake

bring

(should)getwere

hadbeenC.

虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用在Itis(high)time(that)…的句型中，定语从句的虚拟形式常用过去式或should＋动词原形（should不能省略），表示“现在该……”我们该走了。Itistimeweleft/shouldleave.It’sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.1、在Itis(high)time(that)…的句型中

ifonly…表示一种假设情况，意思是“要是······就好了”，相当于主语＋wish。要是今天是星期天就好了。IfonlyitwereSundaytoday.要是我没有丢掉我的车就好了。IfonlyI____________mycar.hadn’tlost2、在Ifonly…的句型中

Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?=ifyouhadamilliondollarsWecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(＝ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp)Butforrain(=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如,with,without,butfor等Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副词）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（连词）4.含蓄条件句用其它形式代替条件句Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（独立主格结构）Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.（定语从句）Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.5.IfitwerenotforIfithadnotbeenfor若不是…的话Mayyousucceed!Mayyoubealwayshappy!6.用于“may＋动词原形”表示“祝愿……”，may须置于句首。Mayhappinessbealwayswithyou!Manyhappyreturnstoyou!LongliveChairmanMao!Itwouldbebetterforyounottodothat.

Wouldyoubesokindastoshowmethewaytotherailwaystation?7.表示委婉语气的句型中。E.Exercises8.（安徽卷）Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe______nowheretostaynow.A.had

B.hadhad C.wouldhave D.wouldhave

had9..（江苏卷）Itmighthavesavedmemuchtrouble______theschedule.A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown10.(重庆卷)Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway____hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.A.Didn’twrite

B.hadn’twrittenC.wouldn’twrite D.wouldn’thavewritten13.Ifwe____atableearlier,wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.havebookedB.bookedC.bookD.hadbooked14.---DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?---No.Ifso,he____hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.woulddriveB.droveC.wouldhavedrivenD.haddriven【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的话（乔治已经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。Ifso=Ifhehadpassedthedrivingtest，主句使用情态动词+havedone。故答案选C。15.IshouldnothavelaughedifI____youwereserious.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought16.Mymomsuggeststhatwe____eatoutforachangethisweekend.A.shouldB.mightC.couldD.would【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是shouldhavedone，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为suggest，表示建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用“（should+）动词原形”的虚拟语气，故选A。17.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,he____abletospeakitmuchbetternow.willbeB.wouldbeC.hasbeenD.wouldhavebeen18.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexam____attheageofsixmonthsold.A.wasB.beC.wereD.is【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。此题为if虚拟条件句，从句时间为before，故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态，主句时间为now，故是对现在的虚拟，因此用情态动词过去式后接动词原形，答案为B。【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为recommend，表示“推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用（should+）动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了should，故答案为B。19.---Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.I’mgladwetookanumbrella.---Yeah,wewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe____.

hadn’tB.haven'tC.didn'tD.don't20.I____tomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailableA.wentB.hadgoneC.wouldgoD.wouldhavegone【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句从句均为对过去的虚拟，if从句使用过去完成时态，故选A。【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空。选项中能表示对过去虚拟的只有D答案：用情态动词过去式后加havedone表示。考链接2012【2012福建】31.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe_____moreplacesofinterestyesterday.A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited【答案】D考链接2012【2012陕西】17.Ifmycar_____morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe【答案】B考链接2012【2012山东】30.Ifwe_____adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmade【答案】D考链接2012【2012湖南】29.Sorry，Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had【答案】D考链接2012【2012天津】15.WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold______usaridehome.A.didn’tofferB.wouldn’tofferC.hasn’tofferedD.hadn’toffered【答案】D考链接2012【2012辽宁】33.Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe_____somethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did【答案】D考链接2012【2012浙江】19.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they_____secondthoughts.A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad【答案】D1.（2011全国）32.They______havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should考链接20112.(2011北京)24.—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.He

come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswereA.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnot3.(2011北京)28.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey

alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen4.(2011北京)30.MaybeifI

science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying5.（2011上海）28.I______worryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.A.can’tB.mustn’t C.daren’tD.needn’t6.(2011天津)15.I______soonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome7.(2011重庆)25.——Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?——Iwantto,butmymomsimply_________notletmeoutsolateatnight.A.couldB.mightC.wouldD.should8.（2011四川）20.Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthelostchild,butthey’redoingallthey

.A.canB.mayC.mustD.should9.(2011陕西)22.I__________throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone10.(2011陕西)24.—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?--OK.You________haveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.A.mightB.mustC.couldD.shall11.（2011湖南）28.-----Noone_______becomparedwithYaoMinginplayingbasketball.-----Oh,youarereallyhisbigfan.A.canB.needC.mustD.might12.（2011福建）25.—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?—Iamafraidyou_______,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.A.willB.mustC.mayD.can13.（2011福建）34.—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—I____it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended14.（2011辽宁）21.Ifyou__go,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.A.canB.mayC.mustD.will15.(2011江苏)34.—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone______it.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen16.（2011浙江）11.---How’syournewbabysitter?---We______askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.A.should B.might C.mustn’t D.couldn’t17.（2011江西）23.It_______bethepostmanatthedoor,It’sonlysixo’clock.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.won’tD.neddn’t18.（2011江西）28.We_____John’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjuryA.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput19.（2011全国II）8.Ifyou_____smoke,pleasegooutside.A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may1.(2010全国卷I29).Justbepatient.You_____________expecttheworldtochangesosoon.A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.willnot2.(2010全国卷II17).I’mafraidMr.Harding____seeyounow.he’sbusy.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t3.(2010安徽卷32).Jackdescriedhisfather,who_____abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedmanA.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.musthavebeen4.(2010北京卷23).—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.You

beMrs.Peters.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.can5.(2010北京卷34).—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables

.A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdiedD.wouldn'thavedied6.(2010福建卷29).Teachersrecommendparents

theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A.notallowB.donotallowC.mustn’tallowD.couldn’tallow7.(2010湖南卷29).Ifhe__________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow8.(2010湖南卷23).You_________buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.mustB.mustn’tC.havetoD.don’thaveto9.(2010江苏卷25).—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don’tworry.You______haveitbyFriday.A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may10.(2010江苏卷34).Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused11.(2010江西卷23).Ihavetoldyo