物流职业英语 第三章

Chapter3Warehousemanagement仓储管理Learningobjective

Tounderstandtheconceptofwarehousing理解仓储的概念Toidentifybasicwarehousingactivities认识基本的仓储活动TounderstandwarehouseLayoutanddesign认识仓库布局和设计原则TorecognizetheWarehousingEquipment认识常见的仓库设备Toidentifythevarioustypesofwarehouses认识仓库的类型Toknowaboutdistributioncenter（UPS）

了解配送中心PartIGeneralIntroductionof

Warehousing

仓储简介1.Whatiswarehousing?

Warehousinghasbeendefinedasthepartoflogisticssystems(that

store/holdproducts(rawmaterials,parts,goods-in-process,finishedgoods…)atandbetweenpointsoforigintopointsofconsumption.)仓储是物流系统的一部分…商品在起源地和消费地间的存储。StoragePartIIWarehousingactivities

Lead-in:

耐克物流中心出货与包装作业演示Whatareasareincludedinawarehouse?Writedownwhatyougetfromthevideo.Sometypicalareasmentioned…Receivingarea收货区Pickingarea拣货区Packingarea包装区Shippingarea出货区Andwhatelse?还包括哪一些区域呢？Reading-MatchingNewterms:Orderpick订单分拣Staging分批运输Putaway整理Verify验证，查验Replenish补给Consolidation合并Administration管理ThemainactivitiesinawarehouseMaterialreceiving收货Put-away整货Storage储存Replenishment补给Orderpicking分拣Checking核查Packingandlabeling包装和标志Staging&consolidation分批运输和合并Shipping出货（运输）Materialreceiving收货Accepting接收Unloading…卸载Verifying…验证Documenting…记录lifttruck叉车Put-away整理货物Removing…转移Transferring…转移Moving…移动lifttruckStorage储存Physicalcontainmentofmerchandise货物的实体保存Storagemethodsdependingon储存方式取决于sizeandquantityoftheitems储存物的大小、数量Handlingcharacteristicsofproductsandcontainers产品和集装箱的搬运特点Replenishment补给Relocatedfromstorageareatoatemporaryareafromwhichordersaredirectlyfilled.从储存区转移到一个临时停放区域，在那里可直接完成订单。Orderpicking分拣Oneofthemajorvalueaddedactivities最主要的仓储活动之一Picking…分拣/combineTomeetspecificcustomerrequirement满足顾客的具体需求Productmixing产品组合WarehouseManagementSystem(WMS)Casepicking/brokencasepicking

整箱分拣/单品分拣Checking核查Verifying…核查Documenting记录Packingandlabeling包装和贴标Placing…itemsintoanappropriatecontainer将物品放入合适的容器

andmarkingthatcontainerwithcustomershippingdestinationdataaswellasotherhandlinginformation并在包装物上贴上运输目的地和其他的搬运信息Stagingandconsolidation分批运输和合并准备(暂存区)Moving…basedonaprescribedinstruction(relatedtoaparticulardeliveryroute)

根据预先制定好的指示（某特定运送路线相关的），对货物进行移动Sortingofbatch(pickedforindividualorder)

按照某项订单，以整批为单位，对所需的货物进行拣货和做出货准备Shipping出货Loadingonanoutboundvehicle装货上车，准备发运contentchecking再核对运输资料

lifttruck叉车conveyors传送带Administration行政管理PartIIIWarehouseLayout

仓库布局Straight-ThruFlow直通式布局U-ShapedFlowU型布局Modular-spineFlow模块流转布局Multi-storyLayouts多层布局Straight-thruwarehousinglayoutReceivingarea收货区Storagearea储存区Orderpickingarea拣货区Packagingarea包装区Stagingarea分批运输和合并区Shippingarea出货区Office办公室Allowsafastflow-thruofgoods

货物的快速移动Advantage:

especiallysuitableforoperationsinwhichpeakreceivingandshippingtimescoincide

适用于货物接收和装运时间同时发生的最忙碌的高峰期。U-shapedpattern模块流转式AdvantagesFacilitatingcross-dockingbecausethereceivingandshippingdocksareadjacenttooneanother.方便越库作业的使用。Yieldsexcellentsecurity

becausethereisasinglesideofthebuildingusedfortheentryandexit.仓库出入口位于同一边，具有很高的安全性Crossdocking越库作业越库作业是指在越库设施接收来自各家供给商的整车货件，立即依顾客需求及交货点加以拆解、分类、堆放，进而装上预备好的出货运具上，送往各顾客交货点。最大特点所有货物是流经仓库或配送中心而均不进入仓库的储存空间。越库作业非常适合于快速处理的紧急订单，适合于要求零售商向客户直接运送商品的情况。越库补货常规货物储存低流通速度货物储存Lowbay低层仓储mediumbay中层仓储highbay高层仓储Eachareahasitsspecialoperationaccordingtothetypesofproducts

根据货物特点来设置不同的模块Usuallyusedforverylargeoperations

适用于非常大规模的操作。MultistorylayoutsMultistorydistributionbuildings--arenecessarywhenlandisextremelyscarce.土地资源稀缺--are

theleastdesirable

oftheflowpathalternatives.PartVDesignconsiderationinwarehousing仓储设计上的权衡P44

Whichaspectsshouldbeconsideredwithrespecttowarehousedesign?仓库设计中应考虑哪些因素？Trade-offswithrespecttowarehousedesign仓储设计上的权衡Fixedorvariableslotlocations?使用固定货位或是流动货位–spaceutilizationBuildoutorbuildup?向外延展或是向上延展-costLabor-intensiveormechanizationorautomation?劳力密集型或是机械化或是自动化-costSpacedevotedtoaislesorspacedevotedtostorage?空间分配给过道或是分配给存储区？–spaceutilizationPickertopartorparttopicker?货架边拣选零部件或是零部件送到拣货员–humanandmechanizedtraveltimePartVI

Warehousingequipment认识仓库设备Howmanyequipmentscanyourecognizeinthepicture?WarehousingEquipment–handlingdevice搬运设备1、

canmoveloadsofmaster

bothhorizontallyandverticallyandcanbeusedwith

orslipsheet.2、

arethebasichandlingdevicefororderselection.3、Atanairport,rotating(流转的)

inthebaggageclaim(行李领取处)areaareoftencalledforklifts；conveyorbelts;pallets；carousels;cartons；

WarehousingEquipment–handlingdevice搬运设备1、Forkliftscanmoveloadsofmastercartons

bothhorizontallyandverticallyandcanbeusedwithpalletsorslipsheet.2、Conveyersarethebasichandlingdevicefororderselection.3、Atanairport,rotating(流转的)conveyorsinthebaggageclaim(行李领取处)areaareoftencalledcarouselsForklift(lifttruck)叉车canmoveloadsofmastercartons

bothhorizontallyandvertically叉车可平移或垂直移动硬纸皮箱Usedwithpalletorslipsheet配合托盘或薄衬纸使用Normallytransportamaximumoftwounitload(twopallets)atatime一般一次最多能移动两个载货单元Handpallettruck手动托盘车Counterbalancedlifttruck平衡重式叉车Reachforklifttruck前伸式叉车AGV(Automaticguidedvehicle)自动导引车WarehousingEquipment–handlingdeviceConveyors输送带thebasichandlingdevicefororderselection基本的搬运工具twomainindustrialclassesofbeltconveyors：两种基本的传送带Thoseingeneralmaterialhandling（普通货物）suchasthosemovingboxesalonginsideafactoryandbulkmaterialhandling（散装货物）suchasthoseusedtotransportlargevolumesofresourcesandagriculturalmaterials,suchasgrain,salt,coal,ore,sandandmore.Abaggagecarousel

isadevice,generallyatanairport,thatdeliverscheckedluggagetothepassengersatthebaggageclaimarea(行李领取处)attheirfinaldestination.Carousels回转传输带Picktolightsystems视频：灯光拣选系统Pickbyvoicesystems视频:语音拣选系统Warehousingequipment–storageequipmentLessthanapalletload不到一个托盘负荷Shelving

层架Bindrawers

抽屉架Palletload托盘货物，统称rackPalletrack

托盘货架Drive-inanddrive-throughrack

驶入式/驶出式货架Pushbackrack

后推式货架Mobilerack

流动式货架Cantileverrack

悬臂式货架PartVIITypesofwarehousesPrivatewarehouse私人仓库Publicwarehouse公共仓库Contractwarehouse合同仓库Comparisons-ReadingP36-37Control?对仓库的控制权Long-termorshort-term?Costfortheusers?(fixedcost/capitalcost/variablecost)使用者需要支付的成本Whousesit?使用者是谁Otherbenefits(value-addedservices)?其他好处Control:Private:ownedbythefirmsusingthem;morecontrol/absoluteauthority绝对决策权Public:lesscontrol较弱的控制权Contract:almostthesamedegreeofcontrol达到与私人仓库相近的控制程度Private>Contract>PublicLong-termorshort-term?Private:long-termPublic:short-termContract:long-termCostfortheusers?Private:highfixedcostandthenecessityofhavinghighandsteadydemand固定成本高，且必须要有需求量够高且稳定的情况下才适用Public:nocapitalinvestment不需投入资金建设Contract:morecost-effectivethanprivatewarehousing比私人仓库更具有经济性Private>Contract>PublicWhousesit?Private:retailchainstores（连锁零售企业）,manufacturingfirms（生产企业）Public:

Whenretailersneedadditionalstoragespaces当零售企业需要额外存储空间Whenretailersmakealargepurchase当进行大批量的采购Contract:companieswhoneedtofocusonitcorecompetencies需要专注于发展自己的核心竞争力的企业Value-addedservices:Private:notmentionedPublic:

standardizedserviceplusrepackaginglargershipmentsintoretailer-sizepackages将大宗货物重新成零售包装productassembly产品组装producttesting产品测试Contract:providinguniqueandspeciallytailoredservicesformanufacturersanddistributors为制造商和流通商提供独特的、专门的服务So…..definition---Whoiswho?Definition---TypesofpublicwarehousesGeneralmerchandisewarehouse普通商品仓库Refrigeratedwarehouse冷藏仓库Specialcommoditywarehouse特殊商品仓库(forcertainagriculturalproducts)Bondedwarehouse保税仓库Bulkcargowarehouse大宗散货仓库PartIIIDistributioncenterWhatisdistributioncenter?Alarge-sized,highlycomputerizedandautomatedcenter

大型的高度自动化中心Toreceivegoodsfromvariousplantsandsuppliers,接收大量不同供应商的货物Takeorders,接收订单Andfillthemefficiently,高效地履行订单Delivergoodstocustomersasquicklyaspossible

以最快速度配送货物---emphasizingongoodsmovingratherthanstorageValue-addedactivitiestailor-madeandcustomizedservice客户定制化服务consolidationofshipments(TL)cross-docking越库作业packaging包装finalassembly总装sub-assembly次级装配kitting成套装配labeling贴标签Case:UPSWorldport-Megafactory

UPS世界港Mainactivities?Layout?Howdidasortingsystemoperate?WhatisUPS’sgoal?Whatkind