高考总复习第一轮高二(下)03版2

高考总复习第一轮高中英语第二册（下）Unit11Scientificachievements单词adj.solar,daily(day-to-day),likely(possible,potential,expectant,prospective),private(personal,closed-door),perfect(unearthly,finished,full,ideal,pure,absolute),adv.daily(p.d.),forward(ahead,along,on)n.mankind(human,humanbeing,mankind,people,man),constitution,valley(canyon),support,base(abasearea,bottom,floor,foot,root),march(process,progress),failure,organ,zone(section,area,district,region,reach,extent,land),institute(academy,college,association,union),breakthrough,battle(fighting,action,warring)master(goodman,host,housemaster,friend,master-hand),agency(institution,organ,setup,organisation,wheel),evolution(development,progress,outspread),v.man(control),support(holdout,bear,providefor),achieve(gain,obtain,acquire,win,attain,cometrue,realize,carryout),grasp(seize,catch/get/takeholdof,fist,understand,comprehend),master(control,command,bemasterof),arrange(dealwith,plan,planandprepare,design,clean/clearup,packup,settle,tidy,tidyup,lay),rely(dependon,leanupon,tieto,trust,restonexpect),mark(indicate,denote,express,figure,show),march(carrythrough,goalong,putup),aim(takeaim,),announce(declare,setout,pronounce),battle(struggle),词组setfoot(in)haveaneffectoncometolifeputforwardaim(sth)at语法构词法考点预测*daily/everyday/everyday的用法。*achieve的用法。*likely/possible/probable用法辨析。*grasp/master/seize/catch用法辨析。*failure/success名词为抽象、具体用法。*forward构成的各种词组的词义辨析。*life所组成的各种词组的用法辨析及life单复数用法。*haveaneffecton词组的活用(如在被动语态，定语从句中的运用)。一、重点单词讲解1.man/mankind/human/humanbeing/people/personman1)人类[U]不与冠词连用Mancanconquernature.人类能够征服自然。Man’sknowledgeofthingsdevelops.人类的知识总是不断发展的。2)manandwife夫妻(不与冠词连用)Theyaremanandwife.他们是夫妻。mankind集合名词,不与冠词连用.“全人类”,相对动物而言

Mankindismuchhappierthanitwas.人类要比过去幸福得多了。Mankindareprogressive.人类是不断进步的。Diseaseisanenemyofmankind.疾病是人类的一大敌。humann.&adj.人，人类的

ahuman一个人=ahumanbeingtwohumans

两个人=twohumanbeings

humanhistory人类的历史thehumanrace人类

people集合名词，不可与a或one连用，作主语时，谓语用复数。可指“人，人民”，也可指“民族”。thepeople

人民apeople

一个民族person人,可数名词aperson一个人twopersons

两个人归纳：

ahumanbeing,ahuman一个人类

aperson一个人apeople一个民族Thereisonlyonepersonintheroom.房子里只有一个人。TheChineseareaheroicpeople.中华民族是一个英雄的民族。Thehighesthonouristoservethepeople.最高的荣誉是为人民服务。Peoplesaythatthebridgewasbuiltbyaking.据说这座桥是由一个国王修建的。拓展：1.manv.给……配备人员(manned,manning)Theydecidedtomantheship.他们决定为这艘船配备船员。Tenworkerswerecalledtomantheproductionline.10名工人被派到生产线上进行操作。2)mannedadj.(载人的)mannedspacecraft载人太空飞船3)man-made人造的man-madesatellites人造卫星2.daily1)adj.每天的(=everyday)2)adv.每天(=everyday)adailynewspaper日报(everyday)Wegotheretwicedaily(everyday).inourdailylife=inoureverydaylife3.achievevt.达到；得到；实现；完成(指成功地完成或达到某一目标)1)achievableadj.能完成的，能达到的2)achievementn.成就,成功[C]makegreatachievements3)achievesuccess/victory获得成功/取得胜利4)achieveone’sgoal/purpose实现自己目标/达到目的5)achieveagoodresult取得好的结果

achieve常与anything,everything,something,nothing及goal,purpose,aim等连用，指“取得……”Byhardworkingwecanachieveanything.只要我们努力任何事情都会成功。Thescientistmadegreatachievementsinhisfield.这位科学家在他的领域里取得了很大的成就。Hehopestoachieveallhisaimsbytheendoftheyear.他希望到年底达到所有的目标。4.likelyadj.可能的；预期的(主语为人，物)1)sbbelikelytodosth

某人有可能做某事Theyarelikelytocomeintime.他们很可能按时来。2)Itislikelythat…很可能……(it为形式主语，that+从句为真正主语)Itis/seemslikelythatanaccidentwillhappen.看来要发生事故了。3)sthbelikelytodo某事有可能……Anaccidentislikelytohappen.可能会出事故。4)like+n.可能的Whatisthelikeliesttimetofindhiminhisoffice?什么时候最可能在他办公室找到他？5)likelier/likeliest比较级/最高级6)very/mostlikely相当于probably很可能地Theywillvery/mostlikelycomebycar.他们很可能开车过来。----Isitlikelythathewillcomebycar?----No,it’snotverylikely.----他可能会开车过来吗？----不，那不大可能。拓展：possible/probable/likely1)notpossible=impossible2)possible不可用作sb作主语，一般用it作主语，主要用于以下句型：if(itis)possible如有可能ItispossibleforsbtodosthItispossiblethat…It’spossibleforhimtocomehereontime.他可能准时到达。It’spossiblethathewillcomehereontime.很可能他按时来。Iwillvisitherifpossible.如有可能我会拜访她。probableadj.“很可能”相当于verylikelynotprobable不大可能probable主要指有根据的、合乎情理的、值得相信的事物，带有“大概、很可能”的意味，不以人或不定式作主语。Itispossiblebutnotprobablethathewillcomehereontime.他有可能但可能不大能按时来。5.seize/grasp/mastergrasp1)抓牢；握紧(take/keepholdof)Grasptherope,please!请抓住绳子。Graspyourchancewhenyoucan.有机会就要抓住。2)领悟，明白(understand)Igraspedthemainpointsofthespeech.我领会了这篇文章的要点。seize1)抓住(takeholdof)2)攻占(takebyforce)Grasp/Seizetheopportunity/chance.Theenemyseizedthecity/thevillage.敌人攻占了城市/村庄。Themanseizedtheboybythecollar.这个人抓住了这个小孩的衣领。mastern.男主人；男教师；硕士(学位)；大师，熟练工人，师傅v.征服；控制；精通Hehasgothismaster’sdegree.他已取得硕士学位。TheChinesepeoplehavebecomemastersoftheircountry.中国人民已经成为自己国家的主人。JinYongisamasterinliterature.金庸是一个文学大师。MrChengisourmaths

master.程先生是我们的数学老师。Mancanmasternature.人能够征服自然。Tomhasmasteredfourforeignlanguages.汤姆精通四门语言。6.failuren.失败1)失败[U]opp.success2)失败的人或物[C]3)failv.failtodosth/failin(doing)sth

未能做成某事Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败是成功之母。Asawriter,heisafailure.作为作家，他是失败的。Hefailedtopass/inpassingtheexam.他考试没能通过。7.markv.&n.1)mark…with…(=bemarkedwith)用……作标记2)标记着，表示，打分，3)分数Thedirtroadwasmarkedwithfootprints.这条泥路布满脚印。TheGreatRevolutionmarksthebeginningofanewhumanhistory.这次大革命标志着人类历史的新开端。Eachmorningtheteachermarksthepupilspresent,absentandlate.每天早晨，老师都会登记学生出席、缺席和迟到的情况。Hemarkedthework10outof10.他把这个工作打了满分。Tomgotfullmarksinthisexam.汤姆在这次考试中得了满分。二、重点词组讲解1.cometolife1)苏醒过来=cometooneself=cometoone’ssensesAfterfirstaid,thepatientcamebacktolifeatmidnight.急救后，病人在半夜苏醒过来。2)表现兴奋，振作起来(becomeexcited/interestedin…)Heisverycoolwithwifebuthereallycomestolifewithhisfriends.他对妻子非常冷淡，但与朋友们在一起却很活跃。Wehopehe’llcometohimselfandcorrecthismistakes.我们希望他能够觉醒过来，改正错误。2.haveaneffecton/upon对……有影响1)effect在本词组一般没有数的变化，多做单数。2)effect前可以与不同的形容词连用。3)注意介词on/upon不可换为其他介词。4)注意此词组在被动语态与定语从句中的运用。havenoeffecton对……不起作用haveacertaineffecton对……有一定影响haveabad/goodeffecton对……有坏/好影响haveagreat/mucheffecton对……有很大影响havelittleeffecton对……几乎无效sthcomeintoeffect生效，实行，实施bringsthintoeffect实行，实施(be)ofnoeffect无效的，无用的ineffect实际上Theteacher’swordsalwayshaveagreateffectonstudents.老师的话对学生往往有很大影响。Smokinghasabadeffectonpeople’shealth.抽烟对人的身体有害。Themedicinewilltakeeffectsoon.药会马上生效。三、重点句型讲解1.Notall….部分否定1)not与all/both/everything/everybody/everywhere等表示完全意义的词连用，表示部分否定。即Notall/both/every……或All/Both/Everything…not…Notallstudentsattendedthemeeting.不是所有的学生都参加了会议。(=Allstudentsdidn’tattendthemeeting.)Bothofhisdaughtersarenotdoctors.他们两个女儿不都是医生。=Notbothofhisdaughtersaredoctors.2)not与always/often/quite等词连用也表示部分否定。Heisnotalwayslateforclass.3)英语中全部否定句要借助于否定词no,noone,neither,none,nobody,nothing,hardly,seldom,little等词来表达。Nostudentattendedthemeeting.Neitherofhisdaughtersisadoctor.他两个女儿都不是医生。比较Eitherofhisdaughtersisadoctor.他的两个女儿中有一个是医生。Noneofthestudent(s)attendedthemeeting.没有一个学生出席了会议。名题1.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith____.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothing2.Theconferencehasbeenheldtodiscusstheeffectsoftourism____thewildlifeinthearea.A.inB.onC.atD.withUnit12Factandfantasy单词n.fiction(novel,story,storybook),belief(faith,confidence,hope,trust,godliness,religion),league(union,corporation),balloon(airballoon),botany,servant(civilservant,official,employee),whale,hunter(huntsman,searcher,seeker),collision(hit),companion,guest(passenger,passer,visitingprofessor),voyage(shipping,sailing),iron,lamp(light),prisoner,marble(marbleproducts),shore(bank),luggage(baggage,packing),phenomenon(pl.phenomena),labour(effort,struggle,work,housework,working),butcher(flesher,meatman),curtain(windowcurtain,screen),lipv.apply(exercise,handle,manage,tryfor,askforbeg,claim,desire,prayfor,request),dislike,hesitateadj.permanent(lasting,fixed,immobile,settled,immovable),gentle(kindly,mild,soft,tender,polite,well-mannered),brilliant(bright,clever,cute,intelligent,wise,outstanding,splendid,topping)adv.aboard(onthewater,onboard)词组makealivingsetoutinpublicthrowlightuponcutup语法构词法考点预测*belief构成的词组及引导名词从句的用法。*apply的用法。*voyage/journey/trip/tour/visit等用法辨析。*setout用法及set所组成的词组的辨析。*light所组成的词组的辨析(如:throwlightupon等)。*public与冠词的用法。一、重点单词讲解1.aboardadv.&prep.在船(飞机,车上);上船(飞机,车)1)adv.Shehasgoneaboard.(=Sheisonboardnow.)她已上了飞机(船,车)了。2)prep.(常用go/getaboard+交通工具,此词组中aboard可用onaboard替换)Shehasgoneaboardtheplane.她已上了飞机。(go/getaboardtheplane=go/getonaboardtheplane)3)boardvt.上车/船/飞机n.板子Hehasboardedtheplane.他已上了飞机。(=Hehasgoneaboardtheplane.=Hehasgoneonaboardtheplane.)4)abroadadv.在国外的，在海外的，常用与词组：goabroad出国athomeandabroad在国内外Hewillgoabroadnextmonth.他下个月出国。Iwanttocollectnewsathomeandabroad.我想收集一些国际、国内的消息。2.beliefn.信仰，信念1)多指不可数名词，主要用于以下词组，但用作不同类型的信仰，可用复数形式。havebeliefin相信,信仰haveastrongbeliefin非常相信……havenobeliefin不相信havemuchbeliefin很相信……beinthebeliefthat…相信……DoyouhavebeliefinGod/him?你信仰上帝/相信他吗？

(havebeliefin=believein)Whatareyourreligious/politicalreliefs?什么是你的宗教/政治信仰？Iaminthebeliefthathe’llcomeontime.我相信他会按时来得。2)拓展：相信havetrustin/believein/trust(in)/havefaithin短语：beyondbelief难以置信的believeitornot信不信由你2.applyv.应用；运用；申请；请求1)applicationn.申请，请求appliedadj.2)applysth

运用，应用某物Applyasmuchforceasispossible.(use)需要多少力就用多少。3)applysthtosth

把……运用到/应用于……Weshouldapplythetheorytopractice.我们应该把理论运用于实践。4)applyto适用于……Thelawdoesn’tapplytothem.这条法律并不适用于他们。5)applyforsth

申请某物Iwillapplyforthejobtomorrow.我将明天申请这个工作。6)applytosbforsth

向某人申请某物Iwillapplytomyteacherforsomehelp.我会向老师求助的。(=turntotheteacherforsomehelp)7)applyoneself/one’smind/one’senergytosth/doingsth

专心于做某事Iwillapplymyself/mymind/myenergyto/doingthejob.我会专心于这个工作的。4.hesitatevi.踌躇；犹豫hesitationn.withhesitation犹豫withouthesitation毫不犹豫2)hesitatetodosthIfthereisanythingyouwant,pleasedon’thesitate

totellme.你如果需要什么，请别客气向我要好了。3)Ihesitatetoaskyou,but……我本不想/愿……Ihesitatetoaskyou,butwillyoulendmesomemoney?我本不想开口的，你能不能借点钱给我？4)hesitateaboutsth/doingsth

Areyoustillhesitatingaboutbuyingacar?你对买那车还犹豫不决吗？5)hesitateoversth

Shehesitatedoverthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.她决定不了这两件衣服该选哪一件。6)hesitateindoingsthDon’thesitateindoinganythinggood.不要对做好事犹豫不决。二、重点词组讲解1.throwlightupon阐明某事，使某事显得清楚，也作cast/shedlightupon(=makesthclear)Therewasnothingtothrowlightontheconnectionbetweenthetwomen.没有什么能使人了解这两个人之间的关系。(explainclearly)Thediarythrew/cast/shedmuchlightuponherdeath.这篇日记对她的死因说的很清楚。(=madethecauseofherdeathclear)三、重点句型独立主格结构Theyfindthemselvessurroundedbycolorfulrocks,fishes,seashellsandplants,allwavingandmovingslowlyinthebluewaters.他们发现自己被五彩的岩石，鱼类，贝壳及海中植物包围着，他们都在蓝色的海水中慢慢地游动着，移动着。…allwavingandmovingslowlyinthebluewaters.该结构为独立主格结构，在句中作伴随状语。其构成有：1)主语+现在分词(主语与谓语动词为主动关系)2)主语+过去分词(主语与谓语动词为被动关系)3)主语+不定式4)主语+形容词(短语)5)主语+副词6)主语+介词短语7)主语+数词作用：1)独立主格结构在句中作状语，有时可以转换为状语从句。2)独立主格结构前有时可加介词with，构成with复合结构。例如：Timepermitting,we’llgoouttomorrow.(名词+现在分词，条件状语)如果时间允许，我们明天外出。Everythingconsidered,wedecidedtotakemeasurestonight.(名词+过去分词，时间状语)Springcomingon,thefieldsturngreen.(名词+现在分词，时间状语)Allhismoneylost,heboughtnothing.(名词+过去分词，原因状语)It’shisfirstkid,thesecondtocometoo.(名词+不定式，伴随状语)Hecamehome,hisnoseredwithcold.(名词+形容词短语，伴随状语)Classesover,everybodyranout.(名词+副词，时间状语)Theboystoodstill,handsinhispockets.(名词+介词短语，伴随状语)Shenhastwosons,onesix,theotherten.(名词+数词，伴随状语)名题1.____hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.DislikeB.UnlikeC.AlikeD.Liking2.Withtheelectricity____,allthemachinesstopped.cutoffB.cutdownC.wascutoffD.wascutdowndislikev.不喜欢，厌恶；unlikeprep.不像；和……不同；alikeadj.相像的；相似的likingn.爱好3.It’stenyearssincethescientist____onhislife’sworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedupmakefor朝……前进，有利于；setout开始，出发，动身；takeoff拿去，去掉turnup出现，露面on从事；of同位关系Unit13Thewaterplanet单词n.cube(block,cake,loaf,mass,piece),sailor(seaman,mariner,shipman),benefit(advantage,good,interest,profit,usage),transport(conveyance,traffic,transportation),hydrogen,atom(atomy),oxygen,solid,freezing(freezingpoint),gramme(=gram),relationship(connection,relation,contact,touch),mass(quality,block,cake,loaf,mass,piece,agreatlot,agreatdeal),kilogramme(=kilogram,kg),substance(matter,majoridea),nursery,recreation(amusement,entertainment,fun,sport),gallon(gal.)v.benefit(profit),transport(convey,carry),range(alter,change,move,transform),float(swim,wash),decrease(reduce,cutdown),absorb(drinkin,suck),trust(rely,believe,credit)adv.thus(so,inthisway)adj.unique(oneandonly,only,particular,untouchable),cubic(cubical),relative(opposite),solid(firm,hard),freezing(iced),pure(sincere),centigrade,stable(steady,deep-set,locked-in),sensitive(impressible,impressionable),steady(balanced,smooth,windless)词组

benefitfromallthewaytakeadvantageofgiveoffcallinavarietyof语法情态动词考点预测*情态动词的用法。*benefit/profit的用法。*relative/relation/relationship/tie用法辨析。*absorb/takein等用法辨析。*thus/therefore/besides/however/nevertheless等词义辨析。*way构成的词组的词义辨析。*call所构成的词组的词义辨析。*所构成的词组的词义辨析(giveoff/giveout/givein等)。一、重点单词讲解1.benefitvi.&vt.使受益；得益n.利益1)AbenefitBA对B有用处/有利(=AprofitB)Thelawwillbenefitthepeople.这部法律将会有益于人民。Thenewbridgewillbenefitthecity.这座大桥将对这城市有利。2)BbenefitfromAB从A中得到好处/受益(=BprofitfromA)Ibenefitedfrommyfriend’sadvice.我受益于朋友的劝告(=Igotmuchbenefitfrommyfriend’sadvice.)3)getbenefitfrom从中受益4)beofmuchbenefitto=beofgreatuseto=beveryuseful/helpfultoThebookisofmuchbenefittome.这本书对我很有帮助。2.rangevi.1)在一定范围内变化，变动常用于rangefrom…to…/between…and…Thechildren’sagesrangefrom/between5to/and15.学生们的年龄从5岁到15岁不等。TheHimalayasrangefromwesttoeast.喜马拉雅从西延伸到东。3.massn.1)质量Doyouknowtherelationofenergyandmass?你知道能量和质量的关系吗？2)大量，团，块amassof/massesofThereareamassofpapersonthetables.桌子上有很多文件。Amassof/Massesofearthisovertheground.地上有一堆土。Themassofthestudentssupporttheidea.大部分学生支持这个建议。(相当于themajorityof/mostof)3)inthemass总体上，整个儿地Weshouldconsidertheprobleminthemass.我们应该从整体上考虑这个问题。4)themasses群众Wemustdependonthemasses.我们必须依靠群众。4.absorb1)吸收(液体)Theinkwasabsorbedbythepaper.墨水被纸吸干了2)理解，领会(知识，主意等)Sheissmartandabsorbsnewideasquickly.她聪明接受新思想快。3)兼并，收容(公司，国家等)Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedintobigbusiness.大部分的小店都被并入大公司。4)全神贯注，专心Iwassoabsorbedin(reading)abookthatIdidn’thearyoucall.我太专心了，以至于我没有听到你叫我。拓展：专心做某事beabsorbedinsth/doingsthbedeep/buried/lostindevoteoneselftopayone’sattentiontoapplyoneself/one’smind/one’senergytoputone’sheartandsoultogive/keepone’smindtodosthheartandsoulbeemployedinsth/doingsth5.thusadv.如此，那样1)onlythus=onlyinthisway2)thusdoing引导结果状语从句3)相当于so/thereforeHespokethus.(=inthisway,inthismanner,bythismeans)他是这样说的。Onlythus

canwefinishtheworkontime.只有这样，我们才能按时完成工作。Wehopethenewmachinewillworkfaster,thusreducingourcosts.我们希望机器操作快点，如此就可降低成本。Costsareup,thuspricesmustrise.成本增加了，价格必然上升。二、重点词组讲解1.alltheway/allthetimealltheway1)自始至终(frombeginningtoend)2)从远道3)一路上4)完全地(completely)Conditionsarechangingalltheway.情况在不断地变化着。Dr.BethunecameallthewayfromCanada.白求恩大夫不远万里从加拿大到来。Iranallthewaytotheoffice.我一路跑到办公室。Westayedinthegamealltheway(fromthebeginningtoend).我们自始至终参加了比赛。Hewasallthewaybacktonormal.他完全恢复了正常。(completely)Welaughedandsangalltheway.我们一路上笑着、唱着。Welaughedandsangallthetime.我们一直笑着、唱着。三、重点句型1.Thereisnoneedfor…没有必要……1)Thereisnoneedforsbtodosth

forsth

没有必要做某事