病理学(含口腔病理学)

病理學(含口腔病理學)陳玉昆副教授:高雄醫學大學口腔病理科

07-3121101~2755yukkwa@.twGenetics(1)基因學(1)

Understanding:VocabularyforgeneticsLyonhypothesis學習目標OralPathologyfortheDentalHygienist.OlgaACIbsen,JoanAndersonPhelan,4thedition,2004,p.216-45陳嘉芬現代遺傳學Chapter2-6,p.25-92.tw/~juang/JRH/Amino.htm/~sepa/genetics.htm/ehr/books/2_dominant.html/06aug/00440/superbibliography.htmlTarjanI,etal.Earlyprosthetictreatmentofpatientswithectodermaldysplasia:Aclinicalreport.JProsthetDent2005;93:419-24

Whatyouneedtoknowaboutcancer.SciAm1996;289:28-119GibbsWW.Untanglingtherootsofcancer.SciAm2003;289:56-65BowdenJR,etal.DNAmicroarraytechnology:insightsfororalandmaxillofacialsurgeons.BrJOralMaxillofacSurg2004;42:542-5KuoWP,etal.Microarraysandclinicaldentistry.JADA;2003;134-456-62RalfD.ThefirstdiscoveryofDNA.SciAm2003;96:320-8/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookglossL.html.tw/BCbasics/Amino1.htm/cqmedia/chrom-body.html/kr/encyclopedia/Chromosome/PageReq?id=565:1873Referencesforgenetics(1)and(2):參考資料GeneticsVocabularyRefs.1,2Alleles.GenesthatarelocatedatthesamelevelorlocusinthetwochromosomesofapairandthatdeterminethesamefunctionsorcharacteristicsGeneticsVocabularyRefs.3,15.tw/BCbasics/Amino1.htmAminoacid.AnorganiccompoundcontainingtheaminogroupNH2;aminoacidsarethemaincomponentofproteinsGeneticsVocabularyRefs.1,2Autosomes.Thenon-sexchromosomes,whichareidenticalformenandwomenGeneticsVocabularyRefs.1,2,14Barrbody.CondensedchromatinoftheinactivatedXchromosome,whichisfoundattheperipheryofthenucleusofcellsinwomenGeneticsVocabularyRefs.2,14GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.1Carrier.Ingenetics,aheterozygousindividualwhoisclinicallynormalbutwhocantransmitarecessivetraitorcharacteristic;also,apersonwhoishomozygousforanautosomaldominantconditionwithlowpenetranceGeneticsVocabularyRefs.1,2Centromere.TheconstrictedportionofthechromosomethatdividestheshortarmsfromthelongarmsGeneticsVocabularyparmqarmRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRefs.1,2Chromatid.EitherofthetwoverticalhalvesofachromosomesthatarejoinedatthecentromereGeneticsVocabularyRefs.1,3Chromatin.Ageneraltermusedtorefertothematerial(DNA)thatformsthechromosomesGeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRefs.1,2Codon.TheverticalsequenceofthreebasesinDNAthatcodesforanaminoacidGeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.2GeneticsVocabularyRef.18GeneticsVocabularyRef.1Deoxyribonucleicacid.DNA;asubstancecomposedofadoublechainofpolynucleotides,bothchainscoiledaroundacentralaxisformadoublehelix;itisthebasicgeneticcodeortemplateforaminoacidformationConsanguinity(近親).Bloodrelationship;ingenetics,thetermisgenerallyusedtodescribeamatingormarriagebetweencloserelativesGeneticsVocabularyRef.1Diploid(雙套).Havingtwosetsofchromosomes;thenormalconstitutionofsomaticcellsDominant(顯性).Ingenetics,atraitorcharacteristicthatismanifestedwhenitiscarriedbyonlyoneofapairofhomologouschromosomesGeneticsRef.5Vocabulary-diploid-dominantGeneticsVocabularyRef.1Expressivity.ThedegreeofclinicalmanifestationofatraitorcharacteristicFacies.TheappearanceofthefaceGamete(配子).SpermatozoonorovumGeneticheterogeneity.HavingmorethanoneinheritancepatternGeneticsVocabularyRef.1Haploid(單套).Acellwithasinglesetofchromosomes;agameteishaploidHeterozygote(異型結合體).AnindividualwithtwodifferentgenesattheallelelociGeneticsVocabularyRef.1Hypohidrosis.AbnormallydiminishedsecretionofsweatHypotrichosis.PresenceoflessthanthenormalamountofhairKaryotype(染色體圖).Aphotomicrographicrepresentationofaperson’schromosomalconstitutionarrangedaccordingtotheDenverclassificationRef.7VocabularyEctodermaldysplasiaRef.7VocabularyEctodermaldysplasiaGeneticsKaryotypeRefs.4,6GeneticsKaryotypeRef.4MagentaandgreenTheseregionsreflecttheuniquepatternsoflightanddarkbandsseenonhumanchromosomesthathavebeenstainedtoallowviewingthroughalightmicroscope.RedThecentromere,orconstrictedportion,ofeachchromosome.YellowChromosomalregionsthatvaryinstainingintensityandaresometimescalledheterochromatin(meaning"differentcolor").Yellowwiththinmagentahorizontallines.(e.g.,onchromosome21)denotevariableregions,calledstalks,thatconnectaverysmallchromosomearm(a"satellite")tothechromosome.GeneticsKaryotypeRef.10GeneticsVocabularyRef.1Locus(基因座).ThepositionoccupiedbyageneonachromosomeMeiosis(減數分裂).Thetwo-stepcellulardivisionoftheoriginalgermcells,whichreducesthechromosomesfrom4nDNAto1nDNAMetaphase(中期).ThephaseofcellulardivisioninwhichthechromosomesarelinedupevenlyalongtheequatorialplaneofthecellandinwhichthechromosomesaremostvisibleGeneticsVocabularyRef.1Mitosis(有絲分裂).ThewayinwhichsomaticcellsdividesothatthetwodaughtercellsreceivethesamenumberofidenticalchromosomesMutation(突變).ApermanentchangeinthearrangementofgeneticmaterialOogenesis(卵形成過程).Theprocessofformationoffemalegermcells(ova)GeneticsVocabularyRef.1Ovum(卵細胞).Anegg;thematurefemininegermcellPenetrance(外顯性).Thefrequencywithwhichaheritabletraitismanifestedbyindividualscarryingthegeneorgenesthatdeterminethattrait(特性)Phenotype(外表性).Theentirephysical,biochemical,andphysiologicmake-upofanindividual;genotypeisthegeneticcomposition,andphenotypeisitsobservableappearanceGeneticsVocabularyRef.1Recessive(隱性).Atraitorcharacteristicthatshowsclinicallywhenthereisadoublegenedose(homozygous)inautosomicchromosomesorasinglegenedoseinmalesifthetraitisX-linkedRibonucleicacid(核醣核酸).RNA;singlestrandsofpolynucleotidesfoundinallcells;differenttypesofRNAhavedifferentfunctionsinth