中考英语常考的语法知识点

中考常考的语法知识点一．冠词anumbrella,anuncle,anunpleasanttrip,anunusualboy,anuglygirl,anMP3，anIphone5sauniform,auniversity,aunit,aUFO,ausefulbook,aEuropeancountry,anAsiancountryanhour,anhonestboy(h不发音)an“a”(e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x),a“b”(c,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u,v,w,y,z)(无冠词)Children’sDay,MayDay,theSpringFestival序数词和最高级前要用the:thefirstlesson,thethirdclass,themostexercitingmovie独一无二的事物和江湖海前用the:themoon,theearth,thesun,theChangjingRiveraone-year-oldbaby,aneight-year-oldboy,aneleven-year-oldgirl—IlostthebookIboughtlastweek.—Isitablackone?10.DoyouknowtheboynexttoMary/themaninwhite?11.序数词和最高级前如有名词所有格或物主代词不加the:LiLeiismyfirstChinesefriendandheisalsomybestfriend.二．名词1.名词单复数:(单复数同形)manysheep,afewdeer,severalJapanese,threeChinese,ninefish（不规则变化）afewgeese,twomice,somechildren,tenfeet,fiveteethradios,photos,pianos,zoos;potatoes,tomatoes,heroes,Negroes2.名词所有格:TomandMary’sfather,Tom’sandMary’sfathersthekeytothedoor,theanswertothequestion,thetickettotheconcert,thewaytothebankTeachers’Day,Mother’sDay,Women’sDaytenminutes’walk=aten-minutewalk,afive-dayholiday=fivedays’holiday,havefivedaysoff3.不可数名词:weather、news、information、advice、music、fun、room(空间)、work(不可数名词前不可加a,an,感叹句中也不能有a,an)(可数:amessage,anewspaper)Thereisanorange(橙子)onthetable.twobottlesoforange(橙汁)anorange(橙色)dress4.名词作定语:shoeshops,clothesshops,girlstudents,womendoctors,mennurses,sportsshoes5.threeEnglishmen/Frenchmen,afewGermans,manyAmericans6.apieceofbreadaboxoforangesapairofshoesfourpiecesofbreadtwoboxesoforangesfivepairsofshoes7.名词可数和不可数时意思不一样：chicken(鸡肉；小鸡)life(生活；生命lives),orange(橙汁；橙子)8.(本身是复数)twopeople,police,(总是用复数)manyclothes,apairoftrousers,vegetables三．数词:1.thousandsof,threethousand,hundredsof,fourhundred,millionsof,sixmillion2.(分数表达：分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于一，分母复数)onefifth五分之一,twothirds三分之二,threequarters四分之三3.特殊的序数词:first,second,third,twelfth,twentieth,nine-nineteen-ninety-ninth,four-fourth-fourteen-forty-fortieth4.时间表达:6:45sixforty-five,aquartertoseven6:15sixfifteen,he1860s/1860’s(19世纪60年代),inherforties(在她四十多岁时)6.序数词要与the连用：thefirstone,如前面有名词所有格或物主代词就不用the：hiseighthbirthday7.BusNo.112；thesecondlesson,LessonTwo;Room308,thetwenty-firstcentury8.anothertwoboys=twomoreboys再多要两个男孩9.attheageoftwelve/fifteen(基数词)10.twohoursandahalf=twoandahalfhours，onehourandahalf=oneandahalfhours11.a+序数词：再一；又一个asecondchance=anotherchance再一次机会四．代词人称代词:主格：Iyouhesheweyoutheymeyouhimherusyouthem句首做主语要用主格，动词和介词后做宾语要用宾格。SheteachesmeEnglish.物主代词：形容词性物主代词：myyourhisherouryourtheir名词性物主代词：mineyourshishersoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词后面接名词，名词性物主代词后面不加名词。反身代词：I-myself,you-yourself/yourselves,he-himself,she-herself,we-ourselves,they-themselveshis,hers,mine:Hiswatchisnew.Itisn’this.afriendofmine/hers/LiMing’sThebookbelongstohim.=Thebookishis.疑问代词:howsoon---in;howoften---seldom,twiceamonth,everyday,everyfouryearshowlong---(for)amonth/since1998howfar---tenkilometers（awayfrom）,tenminutes’walk/drive,fiveminutesonfootwhattodo;howtodoitwhat没范围,which有范围Myfather’sbirthdayiscoming.Idon’tknowwhattobuyforhim.Therearemanykindsofcamerashere.Idon’tknowwhichtobuy.all/both/none/neither/any/either的区别:all表三个或三个以上的全部都，none表三个或三个以上全部都不……both表两个都，neither表两个都不either表两者之一，either/each/neither+单数名词，all/both+复数名词Bothofthetwinsareteachers,butneitherofthemlikesteaching.AllofthedoctorshavetolearnFrench,butnoneofthemlikesit.Therearemanytalltreesonthebothsides/eitherside/eachsideoftheroad/river.other,theother,others,theothers,another:other+名词复数，some…others,(two)one…theother，another+名词单数Thisshirtistoosmall,couldyougivemeaanotherone.Theshoesarenice,Iwanttobuyanotherpair.（复数用pair,单数用one）TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinDongguan.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthanthatofJapan.ThestudentsinDongguanisbetterthanthose/theonesinBeijing.Wefound/thoughtit(was)interestingtolearnEnglish.肯定：alittlemoneyafewsheep否定：littlewaterfewstudentsTherearesomepeopleintheroom.Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.Wouldyoulikesomebread?10.ShanghaiislargerthananyothercityinChina.(范围内，除去自己本身)ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJapan.（范围外）11.somethingspecialnothingseriousanything/whatelse12.指示代词的形式：this(单数)---these(复数),that(单数)---those(复数)打电话时，常用“that“询问对方是“谁”，用“this”介绍自己13.enjoyoneself，dressoneself，allbyoneself，lookafteroneself，learnsthbyoneself=teachoneselfsth，cometooneself(苏醒，恢复知觉)，helponeselfto(请随便吃)，saytooneself(自言自语)五．介词1.befriendlyto,makefriendswithsb,bestrictwithsb.,befullof,hemorning,intheafternoon,intheeveningatnightonacoldmorningonahotafternoonontheeveningofJune22onthenightofMay1st3.Itlooksniceonyou.这东西在你身上很好看。awomanwithglasses,4.It’sclever/nice/kind/stupid/wrongofyoutosayso.（人）It’snecessary/importantforustoremembermorewords.（物）5.JapanistotheeastofChina.(不接壤)TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.(在范围内)GuangxiisonthewestofGuangdong.(相邻，接壤)walkacrossthebridge/street=crossthebridge/street;swimacrosstheriver,sailacrossthePacificgothroughthetrafficlights/forest/jungle/city/park/village/windowgopastthebank=passthebank7.AllthestudentswenttotheparkexceptJohn,becausehewasill.（不包含在内）Ineed2morestudentsbesidesJohntodothework.（包含在内）8.intwoweeks(跟将来时连用，Howsoon提问)aftertwoweeks=twoweekslater(跟过去式连用9.bycar=inone’scar/taxibybus/bike=onthebus/bike六．形容词和副词比较级标志词：than,much,far/still/even/alot/alittle)最高级标志词：of/amongall…，inourschool,themost+原级，the+最高级（副词可不要the）Anelephantis(very,quite,so,too)big(原级).2.Afriendofmineisasheavy(原级)asme. Heisnotso/astall(原级)asher.3.much+比较级,more+原级:Heismuchfatterthather.Heismuchmoreconfidentthanher.4.一些特殊的句型：Jimisthetallerofthetwo(boys).Ourschoolismuch(far/still/even/alot/alittle)(比较级)morebeautifulthanyours.Theearlier,thebetter.Whensummercomes,theweathergetshotterandhotter.Ifyoudosportseveryday,youwillbecomehealthierandhealthier.TodayEnglishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Heis2kilosheavierthanIam.Parisisoneoftheliveliestcitiesintheworld.10).TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.(序数词+最高级)11)Tomisthetallerofthetwo(boys).=Tomistallerthantheotherboy12)Marryismoreoutgoingthananyothergirlinherclass.=Marryisthemostoutginggirlinherclass.5.Heiscareful(形容词)enough.Hedoeseverythingcarefully(副词).6.the+形容词：表示一类人，谓语复数thepoor,theold,therich,thedead,theyoung:Theyoungarealwaysenergetic.7.Wearesurprisedtohearthesurprisingnews.8.易误认为副词的形容词：lovely,friendly,lively七．情态动词:1.情态动词（must,should,can）+动词原形Heshouldstopsmoking.2.表猜测：一定must可能may不可能can’t3.特殊回答：—MustIhandinmyhomeworknow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.---MayIsmokehere?---Yes,youcan/may./No,youcan’t/mustn’t.—Iamnotsure.Itmay/might/couldbelongtoher.must:交通规矩，规章制度；表肯定猜测“一定”，mustn’t不表推测，意思是“禁止，不能”can’t:表猜测“不可能”：Theladyovertherecan’tbeourteacher.ShehasgonetoShanghai.4.need的用法：做情态动词：needn’tdosth做实义动词：needtodosth.Do/Does/Didsb.Needtodosth?don’t/doesn’t/didn’tneedtodosth.八．连词：1.although/though不能与but连用（转折关系）2.because不能与so连用（因果关系）3.Getupatonce,oryouwillbelateforclass.(or否则)4.主将从现:(若主句用一般将来时时，从句则用一般现在时来表将来)。主句（将来）+if/unless/assoonas/until/when/before/after+句子（现在）Wewillgoonapicnicifitdoesn’train.=Wewillgoonapicnicunlessitrains.Iwon’tleaveuntilmymothercomesback.IwilltellhimassoonasIseehim.5.so+形容词/副词+that从句such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+that从句Heissocleverthathecanworkoutthisproblem.=Heissuchacleverboythathecanworkouttheproblem.（suchafineday=sofineaday）6.Ilikedancingwhile然而mysisterlikesdoingsports.（前后形成对比）9.Youshoulddoas按照theteachertoldyou.九．被动语态结构：am/is/are+done,was/were+done,willbe/isgoingtobe+done,should/must/can+bedone有时候句子中的bysb.的标志词Someonetoldmeaboutthis.---Iwastoldaboutthis.在主语中带介词的，变被动时介词不能省：Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.---Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.Someonetookhertothehospitalintime.---Shewastakentothehospitalintime.bemade/heard/seen/watchedtodo（被动还原to）Thiskindofbookssellswellandtheywillbesoldoutsoon.没有被动：happen,takeplace,comeout，cometrue,belongto,系动词（feel,taste,look,sound,smell，keep,stay,become，seem）十.现在完成时1.强调对现在造成的影响(already,ever,never,before,just,yet)Hehasjustarrived.(Heisherenow.)强调一直在做的动作（howlong,for,since,sofar,inthepast/lastfewyears,overtheyears）buy–havehadborrow–havekeptdie---havebeendeadopen–havebeenopenclose–havebeenclosedbegin–hasbeenonfinish–havebeenovercome---havebeeninleave–havebeenawayfromjoin-havebeenin/havebeenamemberofIborrowedthebooklastweek.---Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.Hisgrandfatherdiedtwoyearsago.---Hisgrandfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.Themoviebeganfiveminutesago.---Themoviehasbeenonforfiveminutes.3.have/hasbeento曾经去过某地（已返回）有时跟次数连用have/hasgoneto去了某地（还没回）常会说将来某个时间会回来have/hasbeenin+一段时间去或来到……（一直呆在那儿）Itis+一段时间+since+句子（一般过去时）It’sayearsinceIworkedhere.4.注意：when不能跟现在完成时连用。since……ago时用现在完成时，ago用过去时十一.感叹句What：形容词+名词how:形容词/副词++名词Whatanexcitingfootballgamewewatched!=Howexcitingthefootballgamewas!Whatexpensivehousestheyare!=Howexpensivethehousesare!(不可数名词，没有冠词)Whatbeautifulmusic!=Howbeautifulthemusicis!Whatimportantinformation!Whatgoodweather/advice/newsitis!Whathardworkitis!4.Howfunnythestoryis!Howcarefullyheworks!十二.非谓语动词tell/asksb.(not)todo,want/decide/try/need/prefer/suedtodo(often,usually,sometimes)see/watch/hearsbdo,see/watch/hearsbdoingmakesb.(not)do；letsb.dohavesth.done:Mycomputerisbroken.Iwanttohaveitrepaired.you’dbetterdo/notdo:You’dbetternotlaughatothers.whynotdosth.?=whydon’tyoudo…?Would/Couldyouplease(not)dosth?practice/enjoy/keep/consider/finish/mind/spend/feellike+doinglookforwardto/payattentionto/getusedto/prefer…to+doingstop/keep/preventsbfromdoing(阻止某人去做某事)pretendtodo假装做某事bebusydoing,can’thelp/stopdoing(忍不住做某事)while/before/after+doing介词+doingwouldlikesbtodosth十三.定语从句先行词关系代词或副词人who(主\宾)，whom(宾)，whose（“谁的”），that物which,that只用that：①all,anything,everything,something②thefirst,theninth,thebest,themostexpensive③theonly,thevery④thepersonandthething地点作状语Where=at/inwhich时间作状语When=in/on/atwhich原因(thereason)why=forwhich1.Thisistheplacewherehewasborn.2.Ican’tforgetthedayswhenwestudiedtogether.3.Thisistheplacethat/whichhevisited.4.Ican’tforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.5.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslate?6.Theteacheristalkingwiththemanwhosesonwaslate.十四.therebe:Therewillbe,thereisgoingtobe,Thereusedtobe,Thereissbdoing,isn’tthere?十五.宾语从句:陈述句语序Idon’tknowwhathedidyesterday.时态：主句是一般现在时，从句的时态根据具体的情况而定（任何时态）Idon’tknowhowIcangettothebank.SheasksifhewillcometoherbirthdaypartynextSunday.主句是一般过去时，从句的时态必须是过去的某一种时态Ididn’tknowwherehelived.Hesaidhismotherwouldgoswimmingwithhimthisafternoon.注意：从句表示客观真理时，从句用一般现在时Thelittleboyknewthatthesunrisesintheeast.ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesunCouldyoutellmewhenshewillarrive?(could是婉转语气，不是过去式)连接词：that,if/whether(ornot),what/how/which/why…+todo语序不变的宾语从句Idon’tknowwhathappenedtohim./whobrokethewindow/what’swrongwithhim.Idon’tknowifhewillcome.Ifhecomes,Iwillcallyou.Idon’tknowwhenhewillarrive.Whenhearrives,Iwillcallyou.7.一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：=1\*GB3①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.=2\*GB3②在介词前：Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.=3\*GB3③与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.十六.反意疑问句(前肯后否，前否后肯)，根据事实回答。Let’sgoboating,shallwe?Letusgoboating,willyou?Passmesomesalt,willyou?Don’tplayinthestreet,willyou?–Sorry,Iwon’t.Theguestshavetogo,don’tthey?Hehasacar,doesn’the?Theyhadlunchjustnow,didn’tthey?Youhaveacold,don’tyou?Shehasbeentherebefore,hasn’tshe?Youhaveneverseenthemovie,haveyou?He’sreadmanybookswrittenbyLuxun,hasn’the?He’sfriendly,isn’the?Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday,didhe?---Yes,hedid,thoughhewasbadlyill.（去了）---No,hedidn’t,becausehewasillinhospital.（没去）与事实相符就yes,不符就no,陈述部分yes,no的意思与中文相反否定词：seldom,hardly,few,little,never,nothing,nobody,no,not,none当主句是：Ithink/Ibelieve/Idon’tthink……时，要以从句为主Idon’tthinkheisabletoanswerthisquestion,ishe?十七.连系动词be动词，五个感官动词（feel,taste,look,sound,smell），三个变（become,get,turn）两个保持（keep，stay），seem2.系动词+形容词Thestudentslookcareful.Theyarelookingatthepicturescarefully.3.没有被动：Thefoodtastesbad.4.一般不用进行时Themusicsoundsgood.5.Thestudentslookcareful(look感官动词：看起来).Theyarelookingatthepicturescarefully.(look行为动词，表示“看”这个动作)（listencarefully）十八.主谓一致：1.就近原则：neither…nor;notonly…butalso;either…or;therebeNeitherhenorIhavebeentotheUSA.EithersheorIamgoingtostudyabroad.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohissisterisanengineer.Therearesomepeopleandadogonthebeach.Thereisadogandsomepeopleonthebeach.Thereareanumberofsheeponthefarm.Thereisalittlesheeponthefarm.一只小羊2.就远原则:with/togetherwith/besides/except/but(除…之外)/aswellas和/including包括…Theteachertogetherwithhisstudentsdoessportseveryday.JackaswellashisparentshasbeentoChinabefore.3.金钱、距离、时间表单数：100dollars/Tenkilometers/Tenhoursisnotenough.anumberof…=many…+V复Anumberofstudentsareplaying.Thenumberof…+V单Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis58.不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数Everythinggoeswell.Someoneislookingforyou.Twothirdsofworkwasfinishedbyhim.TwothirdsofstudentsarefromDongguan.动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Eatingmorevegetablesisgoodforourhealth.Thispairofshoesischeap.Iwanttotrythemon.oneof+adj.最高级+n复+V单OneofthetallestboysinourclassisJim.people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语用复数；family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语用单数，若指具体成员时，谓语用复数。以-s结尾的名词本身没有表示复数意义，谓语用单数，如：news,maths,physics等Nonewsisgoodnews没有消息就是最好的消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass.12.The+姓氏复数表示一家人时，谓语用复数Look,theGreensarewatchingTV.十九.交际用语1.—Wouldyoumindmysittingbesideyou?不介意：—No,ofcoursenot./Certainlynot/Notatall.介意：—Sorry,but…/you’dbetternot.2.回答sorry：Nevermind./itdoesn’tmatter./Notatall./That’sallright.3.回答thankyou：It’smypleasure./You’rewelcome./That’sallright.4.That’sright.那是对的。Allright.好吧。You’reright.你是对的。That’sallright.别人表歉意或谢意时可以用，意为"没关系"或"不用谢"5.Haveaniceweekend!---Thesametoyou!Haveanicetrip.---Thankyou.6.Whataboutgoingtothemovietonight?---Goodidea./Allright./Thatsoundsgreat.7.IgotfirstprizeintheEnglishcompetition.---Congratulations!祝贺8.--Canyoufinishthisworktoday?--I’mafraidnot9.Hismotherisill.–I’msorrytohearthat10.—Couldyoupleasecarrytheboxforme?--Withpleasure/Sure.--Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?--Yes,please./No,thanks--Wouldyouliketogotothemoviewithmetonight?--I’dlike/loveto/I’dloveto,butI…/Sorry,butIhaveto…11.--Don’tsmokehere.–Sorry,Iwon’tdoitagain.12.–Pleasetakemybestwishestoyourparents--Thankyou,Iwill.13.当听到不好的消息，一般用I’msorrytohearthat.14.–Iamgoingtotakeafinalexam.Ifeelsonervous.–Takeiteasy.15.—Iamgoingtotakepartinthespeechcontestthisweekend.–Goodlucktoyou.16.I’mafraidso/not.Ihopeso/not二十.辨别：1.bemadeof/bemadefrom/bemadebysb./bemadein+地点bemadeof由…制成(可看出原材料)Thecoatismadeofsilk.Thedeskismadeofwood.bemadefrom由…制成(不能看出原材料)Paperismadefrombamboo.2.sometimes有时sometime某时sometimes几次sometime一段时间4.so(否定：neither)+be/情态动词/助动词+主语…也是，…也一样so(否定：neither)+主语+be/情态动词/助动词…确实如此5.succeed(v.),successful(adj.),success(n.)6.die(v.),dead(adj.),death(n.):Hehasbeendeadfortenyears.7.ill/sick:Sheisill/sick.asickman8.sothat/suchthat句型（somanypeople,sointerestingaboy=suchaninterestingboy）9.usedtodo过去常常做某事be/getusedtodoing习惯做某事beusedtodo/fordoing被用来做beusedas被用作…10.It/sthtakessbtodo花时间;sthcost花钱sbspend+时间/钱+(in)doingsth/onsth;sbpayfor付钱11.talkaboutsthwith/tosbsaysthtosbsay“jiaozi”inEnglishspeaktosbspeakEnglishtellsbsth/tellsthtosbtellsb(not)todosthtellajoke/story/lietellthetruth12.lookatsthseeadoctor/afilmwatchTV/amovie/match/game/showreadbooks/magazines/newspapersbringsthto…(常跟here,come连用)takesthto…(常跟there,go,away连用)fetchsth=goandbringsth去取，去拿Weshouldweartheschooluniformsatschool.It’sverycoldoutside.Putonyourcoatbeforeyouleave.Heistooyoungtodresshimself.Whereismypen?Ican’tfindit.Whatareyoulookingfor,Kate?Thewindowisbroken.Ishouldfindoutwhodidit.gettothecinema=arriveatthecinema=reachthecinemaarriveinChina/Shanghaiget/arrive/reachhome/there/hereWhenshearrives,Iwilltellyou.18.ahardquestionahardstoneworkhardrainhardItwasrainingsohardthatpeoplecouldhardlygoout.19.wouldratherdothando=prefertodoratherthando=preferdoingtodoing20.other+名词单/复数（用在不同范围，指其它的；别的）theother+可数名词单数。指两者中之一/+可数名词复数。常：One……theother一个……另一个others=other+名词（不同范围的另外一些人或物）some…otherstheothers=theother+n.复范围内的剩余的全部“其余的”another+可数名词单数指又一个，另外一个，（用在三者或三者以上）anothertwoboys另外再来多两个21across(介词，表面穿过)goacrosstheroad/street/bridgethrough(介词，内部空间穿过)gothroughtheforest/park/citycross(动词，表面穿过)crosstheroad22.after+时间点/时间段afterteno’clockaftertwodays时间段+later,tendayslaterIn+时间段intwodays两天后23.except（除了……之外，不再有）besides（除了……之外，还有）24.borrow,lend,keepborrow借进borrow……fromlend借出lend……tokeep保存,借（时间段）25.too,also,either都有“也”的意思，too肯定句末，also句中,either否定句末26.few,afew,little,alittleAfew,alittle一些few,little几乎没有few,afew接可数little,alittle接不可数27．fill,fullbefilledwithbefullof28.forget,leave;forget

不能与地点的副词或短语连用，而

leave

表示“遗忘”时，则要与表示地点的状语连用。—I’msorry,Ileftmyexercisebookathome.—Don’tforgettobringittoschooltomorrow,please.29.mixup混合lookup查阅putup提供；举起pickup捡起；接电话giveup放弃setup建立useup用完=runout(of)comeupwith想出30putout熄灭comeout出版giveout=handout分发lookout注意sellout卖完31putoff推迟putaway放好；储存giveaway赠送；捐赠32cutoff切除cutout删除中考听填信息、看图填词、阅读和信息归纳常考词信息归纳需认识的单词：1purpose目的2personality性格3distance距离4cause/reason原因5nationality国籍6address地址7sex性别8.male男性9.female女性10.fee费用11direction方向12instruction说明13opinion/view观点14explain解释15.advantage优点16.disadvantage缺点17.method方法18.location位置19.condition条件20.theway(问)方式21.theplace(问)地点22.thepersons/people(问)人物23.thething(问)事物24.thetime(问)时间听填信息、看图填词、阅读常考词1present/gift礼物2.program节目3.meaning意思4celebrate庆祝5believe相信6protect保护7.understand理解8express表达（explain解释）9cartoon卡通10main主要的11behavior行为12hero英雄13advice建议14pass通过15pull拉16push推17culture文化18language语言19business生意20afford负担得起21disappear消失22proud骄傲的23believe相信24bridge桥25difficult困难的26different不同的27German(s)德语/德国人28Germany德国29beginning开始30hole洞/孔31French法语32France法国33change改变/零钱34hardly几乎不35careless粗心的36promise承诺37healthier更健康38pocket口袋39visitor参观者40cinema电影院41concert音乐会42themselves他们自己43ourselves我们自己44violin小提琴45sweater毛衣46picnic野炊47camera相机48information信息49environment环境50umbrella雨伞51vegetables蔬菜51thirsty口渴的52necessary必要的53.important重要的54instruction指令；命令55expression表达56impression印象；效果57especially尤其；特别58protect保护prevent预防pressure压力59completely彻底地60recently最近；不久前61desert沙漠dozen一打62ancient古代的；古老的63achievement成就；成绩64volunteer志愿者（义务做）数字1)five--fifth；nine--ninth；twelve--twelfth；forty--fortieth五--第五九--第九十二--第十二四十--第四十2)quarter四分之一；一刻钟kilometer千米kilogram千克3)hundred百thousand千million百万billion十亿dollar美元pound英镑/磅hour小时minute分钟second秒地点1）street街道,countryside农村,village乡村,town城镇,city城市,country国家/农村garden花园church教堂swimmingpool游泳池,playground操场,bank银行/岸边,airport机场,diningroom餐厅,hall大厅kitchen厨房,trainstation火车站,restaurant饭店,café咖啡店,supermarket超市,library图书馆,hospital医院,postoffice邮局museum博物馆concert音乐会theatre剧院university大学hotel酒店toilet厕所2)Britain英国,England英国/英格兰,London伦敦,Scotland苏格兰,Australia澳大利亚,Sydney悉尼,Japan日本,Tokyo东京,America美国,WashingtonDC华盛顿,NewYork纽约,Canada加拿大,Mexico墨西哥,Brazil巴西,Korea韩国,France法国,Germany德国,Italy意大利,India印度,Singapore新加坡交通工具truck卡车,taxi的士,bicycle自行车,motorcycle摩托车,plane飞机,jeep吉普车,subway地铁,railway铁路,train火车四季season季节,spring春天,summer夏天,fall/autumn秋天,winter冬天天气windy刮风的,cloudy多云的,snowy下雪的,foggy有雾的,dry干燥的,wet潮湿的,weather天气,rain雨,snow雪,ice冰,wind风,storm风暴,fog雾,星期(week)Sunday周日,Monday周一,Tuesday周二,Wednesday周三,Thursday周四,Friday周五,Saturday周六月份(month)January一月,February二月,March三月,April四月,May五月,June六月,July七月,August八月,September九月,October十月,November十一月,December十二月节日（holiday）SpringFestival春节LanternFestival元宵节DragonBoatFestival(龙舟节)Mid-AutumnFestival中秋节NewYear'sDay元旦/新年Women’sDay妇女节PlantingDay植树节AprilFools’Day(或Fool’s)愚人节LaborDay/MayDay劳动节Children’sDay儿童节Teachers’Day教师节NationalDay国庆节ChristmasDay圣诞节Mother’s/Father’sDay母亲/父亲节ThanksgivingDay感恩节方向（direction）north北south南east东west西southeast东南southwest西南northeast东北northwest西北right右left左up向上down向下middle中间front前面back后面颜色（color）brown棕色blue蓝色green绿色purple紫色pink红色yellow黄色red红色white白色形容词（adjective）long长的short短的big/large大的small小的thick厚的thin薄的wide宽的narrow狭窄的deep深的difficult困难的clear清晰的simple简单的easy容易的fresh新鲜的pleasant令人愉快的exciting令人兴奋的strange奇怪的relaxing令人放松的interesting有趣的moving令人感动的moved（感到）感动的性格(personality)outgoing外向的quiet安静的serious严肃的gentle温和的active积极的healthy积极的popular流行的famous/well-known著名的careless粗心的动物(animal)rabbit兔子mouse-mice老鼠monkey猴子dolphin海豚fox狐狸frog青蛙tiger老虎lion狮子goat山羊deer鹿horse马giraffe长颈鹿koala考拉wolf-wolves狼食物和饮料(foodsanddrinks)fruit水果vegetables蔬菜rice米饭meat肉pork猪肉beef牛肉noodles饺子blacktea红茶greentea绿茶coffee咖啡milk牛奶wine酒beer啤酒bread面包hamburger汉堡包sandwich(es)三文治potato土豆tomato西红柿French-fries薯条onion洋葱pepper胡椒carrot萝卜cabbage卷心菜corn玉米juice果汁candy/sweet糖果chocolate巧克力coke可乐ice-cream冰激凌broccoli(不可数)花椰菜cheese奶酪sausage香肠wheat小麦味道(taste)smell气味/闻起来delicious/yummy美味的sour酸的crispy脆的salty咸的bitter苦的sweet甜的spicy/peppery辣的科目(subject)Chinese语文English英语math(s)数学physics物理chemistry化学geography地理biology生物politics政治science科学音乐和乐器(musicandinstrument)violin小提琴piano钢琴guitar吉他flute笛子drum鼓musician音乐家pianist钢琴家drummer击鼓手职业(job)engineer工程师nurse护士doctor医生dancer舞蹈家singer歌手scientist科学家writer作家thief-thieves贼designer设计师actor/actress演员waiter/waitress服务员bankclerk银行职员shopassistant商店售货员身体部位(partsofbody)eye眼睛nose鼻子mouth嘴巴lip嘴唇ear耳朵neck脖子knee膝盖leg腿foot(feet)脚arm手臂hand手finger手指toe脚趾stomach胃hair头发back后背throat喉咙face脸beard胡子日常用品(commodity)soap肥皂toothbrush牙刷