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TextⅡWinstonChurchill1.

TextⅡWinstonChurchilAboutthewriter:JohnKeeganahistorian,isthedefenseandmilitaryspecialistforLondon’sDailyTelegraph2Aboutthewriter:2ComprehensionoftheTextThisbiographyiswritteninchronologicalorder.3ComprehensionoftheTextThis

Churchillcameofamilitarydynasty.HisancestorJohnChurchillhadbeencreatedfirstDukeofMarlborough(马尔巴罗公爵)

in1702forhisvictoriesagainstLouisXIV（路易十四）earlyintheWaroftheSpanishSuccession.（西班牙王位继承战争）Churchillwasbornin1874inBlenheimPalace（布尼姆宫）,thehousebuiltbythenationforMarlborough.Asayoungmanofundistinguishedacademicaccomplishment--hewasadmittedtoSandhurst（桑赫斯特皇家军事学校）aftertwofailedattempts--heenteredthearmyasacavalryofficer.Hetookenthusiasticallytosoldiering(andperhapsevenmoreenthusiasticallytoregimentalpoloplaying)andbetween1895and1898managedtoseethreecampaigns:Spain'sstruggleinCubain1895,theNorth-WestFrontiercampaigninIndia1897andtheSudancampaignof1898,wherehetookpartinwhatisoftendescribedastheBritishArmy'slastcavalrycharge,atOmdurman.

WinstonChurchillbyJohnKeegan4. Churchillcameofamilitary

InCubahewaspresentasawarcorrespondent,andinIndiaandtheSudanhewaspresentbothasawarcorrespondentandasaservingofficer.Thusherevealedtwootheraspectsofhischaracter:aliterarybentandaninterestinpublicaffairs.5.

InCubahewaspresentasaw

Hewastowriteallhislife.His"LifeofMarlborough"isoneofthegreatEnglishbiographies,and"TheHistoryoftheSecondWorldWar"helpedwinhimaNobelPrizeforliterature.Writing,however,neverfullyengagedhisenergies.Politicsconsumedhim.HisfatherLordRandolphChurchill（伦道夫•丘吉尔勋爵）wasabrilliantpoliticalfailure.Earlyinlife,Winstondeterminedtosucceedwherehisfatherhadfailed.Hismotivesweretwofold.Hisfatherhaddespisedhim.WritinginAugust1893toWinston'sgrandmother,thedowagerDuchessofMarlborough,hesaidtheboylacked

"cleverness,knowledgeandanycapacityforsettledwork.Hehasagreattalentforshow-off,exaggerationandmake-believe."

Hisdisapprovalsurelystung,butChurchillreactedbyveneratinghisfather'smemory.6. Hewastowriteallhislife.Hewastowriteallhislife.(Para.2,Line1)Paraphrase:Hewasdestinedtowriteallhislife.之后他一生一直在写作。详解：“betodo”这个结构有两方面的意思1）be+动词不定式作表语，它表示主语和表语在概念上是等同的。2）“betodo”作为一个独立的词汇单位，具有情态意义，表示“计划”“安排”“应该”“可能”等。例句：Theproblemistofindasolution.Theheadmasteristohaveameetinginourclass.was/weretodo表示曾经计划要做某事was/weretohavedone表示过去本计划做某事却由于某些原因而没有做77Winstonfoughttorestorehisfather'shonorinParliament(whereithadbeendentedbytheConservativeParty).ThirtyyearsafterLordRandolph'sdeath,Winstonwrote,

"Allmydreamsofcomradeshipwereended.Thereremainedformeonlytopursuehisaimsandvindicatehismemory."

ChurchillenteredParliamentin1901atage26.In1904helefttheConservativePartytojointheLiberals,inpartoutofcalculation:theLiberalswerethecomingparty,andinitsrankshesoonachievedhighoffice.HebecameHomeSecretaryin1910andFirstLordoftheAdmiralty（海军大臣）in1911.ThusitwasaspoliticalheadoftheRoyalNavyattheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914thathesteppedontotheworldstage.

8.Winstonfoughttorestorehis

Apassionatebelieverinthenavy'shistoricstrategicrole,heimmediatelycommittedtheRoyalNavalDivision（皇家海军）toaninterventionintheFlanderscampaignin1914.FrustratedbythestalemateinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,heinitiatedtheAllies'onlymajorefforttooutflanktheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.AtGallipoliin1915,thisAnglo-FrenchforcestruggledtobreakthedefensesthatblockedaccesstotheBlackSea.ItwasaheroicfailurethatforcedChurchill'sresignationandledtohispoliticaleclipse.9. ApassionatebelieverintheFrustratedbythestalemateinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,heinitiatedtheAllies’onlymajoreffortoutflanktheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.(Para.4,Line4)Paraphrase:FeelingdisappointedabouttheblockedsituationinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,hebegantosettheAllies’onlymajorefforttomaneuveraroundandbehindtheflankoftheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.随后他们在比利时和法国没有取得什么战果，丘吉尔感到十分失望。他先后把海军和另一批主力部队派遣到地中海，想要从西线包围德国军队。1010succession

theactoftakingoveranofficialpositionortitleortherighttotakeoveranofficialpositionortitle,especiallytobecomethekingorqueenofacountry继承，继承权Successiveadj.连续的，逐次的，相继的successorn.继承人，接班人词组短语：Insuccession接连的，连续的Asuccessionof一连串；一系列Inquicksuccession紧接地例句：Thegunmanfiredthreetimesinrapidsuccession.歹徒连开三枪。She’sthirdinorderofsuccessiontothethrone.?她在王位继承人顺位中排第三。11.successiontheactoftaki详解：这个句子的主要结构就是heinitiatedthe…bysending…to…。Frustratedby…在这里是分词结构做状语，逻辑主语是he，其中thatfollowed是定语从句，关系代词that所代替的先行词是前面的名词stalemate。1212Regiment

①

n.alargegroupofsoldiersthatiscommandedbyaCOLONEL(军队的)团②v.严格地管制，严密地编组

Regimental

adj.团的，团队的例句：Modernchildrendon`tlikebeingregimented.现代儿童不喜欢严格管教13.Regiment13.Sting

(Para2)v.①刺伤，蛰伤，叮②激怒，刺痛n.刺痛，刺伤，剧痛stingern.讽刺者有刺的动物stingilyadv.小气地吝啬地Stingingadj.激烈的刺人的例句：Hewasstungbyabeewhenhewascollectingthehoney.他在采蜜时被蛰了。Somespiderscangiveapoisonoussting.有些蜘蛛会以毒液蛰人。14.Sting(Para2)v.①刺伤，蛰伤，叮②激怒，Initiate

vt.(Para4)v.tosetgoingbytakingthefirststep;begin①开始，发动②使初步了解③接纳，让…加入Initiativen.主动性,自主决断的能力、initiationn.启蒙，传授词组短语：Initiatesbinto…接纳某人加入某一团体例句：IinitiatedhimintoourEnglishclub.我介绍他加入我们英语俱乐部。ThebookinitiatesusintothecustomsinAfrica.这本书使我们初步了解了非洲的风俗习惯。Ourschoolhasinitiatedanewprogramtoimprovemathskills.我们学校已开始了一项提高数学能力的新计划。15.Initiatevt.(Para4)v.toseeclipsen.①日食，月食②（地位、声誉等的）消失，黯然失色alossofimportance,power,ectvt.使黯然，使失色例句：Sheiseclipsedbyhersister.和妹妹相比，她有些逊色。Aftersufferingfromaneclipse,heisagainfamousamonghiscontemporaries.一段时期的销声匿迹后，他又名噪一时。16.eclipsen.①日食，月食②（地位、声誉等的）消失

Itwaseffectivelytolastnearly25years.Despitehisreadmissiontoofficein1917,afteraspellcommandinganinfantrybattalionontheWesternFront,hefailedtore-establishthereputationasafuturenationalstatesmanhehadwonbeforethewar.Dispirited,hechosetheissueoftheLiberalParty'ssupportforthefirstgovernmentformedbytheLabourPartyin1924torejointheConservatives,afteraspellwhenhehadbeenoutofParliamentaltogether.TheConservativePrimeMinisterappointedChurchillChancelloroftheExchequer(财政大臣）,butwhenhereturnedthecountrytothegoldstandard,itprovedfinanciallydisastrous,andhefurtherweakenedhispoliticalpositionbyopposingmeasurestograntIndialimitedself-government.Heresignedofficein1931andenteredwhatappearedtobeaterminalpoliticaldecline.17. Itwaseffectivelytolastn

Byespousinganti-Nazipoliciesinhiswildernessyearsbetween1933and1939,heensuredthatwhenthemomentoffinalconfrontationbetweenBritainandHitlercamein1940,hestoodoutastheonemaninwhomthenationcouldplaceitstrust.Hehaddecried

theprewarappeasementpolicies（绥靖政策）oftheConservativeleadersBaldwinandChamberlain.WhenChamberlainlosttheconfidenceofParliament,Churchillwasinstalledinthepremiership.

18. Byespousinganti-Nazipolic

Hiswasableakinheritance.FollowingthetotaldefeatofFrance,Britaintruly,inhiswords,"stoodalone."Ithadnosubstantialalliesand,formuchof1940,layunderthreatofGermaninvasionandunderconstantGermanairattack.HeneverthelessrefusedHitler'soffersofpeace,organizedasuccessfulairdefensethatledtothevictoryoftheBattleofBritainandmeanwhilesentmostofwhatremainedoftheBritisharmy,afteritsescapefromthehumiliationofDunkirk,totheMiddleEasttoopposeHitler'sItalianally,Mussolini.19. Hiswasableakinheritance.

Thiswasoneoftheboldeststrategicdecisionsinhistory.ConvincedthatHitlercouldnotinvadeBritainwhiletheRoyalNavyanditsprotectingRoyalAirForceremainedintact,hedispatchedthearmytoaremotetheaterofwartoopenasecondfrontagainsttheNazialliance.ItsvictoriesagainstMussoliniduring1940-41bothhumiliatedandinfuriatedHitler,whileitsinterventioninGreece,toopposeHitler'sinvasionoftheBalkans,disruptedtheNazidictator'splanstoconcludeGermanconquestsinEuropebydefeatingRussia.

20. Thiswasoneoftheboldest

Fromtheoutsetofhispremiership,Churchill,halfAmericanbybirth,hadrestedhishopeofultimatevictoryinU.S.intervention.HehadestablishedapersonalrelationshipwithPresidentRooseveltthathehopedwouldflowerintoawar-winningalliance.Roosevelt'sreluctancetocommittheU.S.beyondanassociation"shortofwar"didnotdenthisoptimism.Healwayshopedeventswouldworkhisway.ThedecisionbyJapan,Hitler'sally,toattacktheAmericanPacificfleetatPearlHarboronDec.7,1941,justifiedhishopes.Thateveningheconfided

tohimself,

"Sowehadwonafterall."21. Fromtheoutsetofhispremi

America'sentryintotheSecondWorldWarmarkedthehighpointofChurchill'sstatesmanship.Britain,demographically,industriallyandfinancially,hadenteredthewarweakerthaneitherofitseventualallies,theSovietUnionandtheU.S.Defeatsin1940hadweakeneditfurther,ashadtheliquidationofitsinternationalinvestmentstofunditsearlywarefforts.During1942,theprestigeBritainhadwonasHitler'sonlyenemyallowedChurchilltosustainparityofleadershipintheanti-NazialliancewithRooseveltandStalin.22.

America'sentryintotheS

ChurchillunderstandablyexultedinthesuccessoftheD-day（诺曼底登陆日）invasionwhenitcamein1944.BythenitwastheRusso-AmericanratherthantheAnglo-Americannexus,however,thatdominatedthealliance,asheruefullyrecognizedatthelastBigThreeconferenceinFebruary1945.Shortlyafterwardhesufferedthedomestichumiliationoflosingthegeneralelectionandwithitthepremiership.Hewastoreturntopowerin1951andremainuntilApril1955,whenillhealthandvisiblyfailingpowerscausedhimtoresign.23. Churchillunderstandablye

Itwouldhavebeenkindertohisreputationhadhenotreturned.

HewasnotaneffectivepeacetimePrimeMinister.Hisnamehadbeenmade,andhestoodunchallengeable,asthegreatestofallBritain'swarleaders.Itwasnotonlyhisowncountry,though,thatowedhimadebt.SotoodidtheworldoffreemenandwomentowhomhehadmadeaconstantandinclusiveappealinhismagnificentspeechesfromembattledBritainin1940and1941.24. Itwouldhavebeenkinderto

ItsvictoriesagainstMussoliniduring1940-41bothhumiliatedandinfuriatedHitler,while

itsinterventioninGreece,toopposeHitler'sinvasionoftheBalkans,disruptedtheNazidictator'splanstoconcludeGermanconquestsinEuropebydefeatingRussia.Paraphrase:ThefactthatBritainwonitsbattlewithMussolinibroughtshametoHitlerwhowasveryangryatit.Meanwhile,BritainintervenedinthebattleinGreeceinordertopreventHitlerfrominvadingBalkans,whichfrustratedHitler’splanstoruleoverEuropebydefeatingRussia.25. ItsvictoriesagainstMussoliDecryv.(Para6)

①责备，谴责

②贬低例句：

Shedecriedhisrudeness.

她责备他的粗野。26.Decryv.(Para6)26.Inheritancen.(Para7)

①继承，遗传

②继承物，遗产Inheritvt.

①继承

②遗传例句：Thisgovernmenthasinheritedmanyproblemsfromthepreviousone.上届政府遗留给本届政府很多问题。WeChinesehaveagreatculturalinheritance.我们中国有着伟大的文化遗产。27.Inheritancen.(Para7)27.详解：

“while”作为连词引导从句的用法。1）意为“而，然而”，表示转折。WhileTom’sverygoodatscience,hisbrotherisabsolutelyhopeless.汤姆很擅长理科，然而他的弟弟绝对是无可救药。2）意为“当…的时候”，“在…期间”。WhileIwaswaitingatthebusstop,threebuseswentbyintheoppositedirection.当我在公交车站等车时，对向驶过了三辆公共汽车。3）意为“虽然”“尽管”，表示让步。WhileIamwillingtohelp,Idonothavemuchtimeavailable.尽管我愿意帮忙，但是没有多少时间。28.详解：28.4)意为“到…时”，“直到…为止”。Iwaitedwhilesixo’clock.我一直等到了六点钟。短语：allthewhile一直atwhiles有时，不时，间或forawhile一会quiteawhile有一阵子，相当长一段时间29.4)意为“到…时”，“直到…为止”。29.Infuriatev.(Para8)

使大怒，触怒

Infuriationn.激怒,激昂词组短语：

Beinfuriatedat对…极为愤怒例句：

Itinfuriatedmetoreadthathehadbeenindicated.

读到他被控告的消息时我火冒三丈。30.Infuriatev.(Para8)30.例句：Whydidn’tyouconfidethesecrettome?你为什么不把这个这个秘密告诉我呢？Youcanconfideinhergoodfaith.你可以信任她的诚实。31.例句：31.Confidev.(Para9)

吐露（秘密等）

信托，委托Confidencen.信心，把握，信赖confidentialadj.机密的,秘密的Confidingadj.深信不疑的词组短语：

Confidein…信任…

confidencetrick骗局32.Confidev.(Para9)32.Itwouldhavebeenkindertohisreputationhadhenotreturned.(Para.12,Line1)Paraphrase:

Ifhehadnotreturned,itwouldhavebeenbetterforhisreputation.如果他没有再次上台执政的话，或许他的名声会好一点。详解:

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were，should，或had，可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到从句句首，形成倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.33.Itwouldhavebeenkindertoh1.WhatwasChurchillinterestedinwhenhewasinIndiaandtheSudan?HewasinterestedinbothliteratureandpublicaffairswhenhewasinIndiaandtheSudan.2.WhatkindofNobelPrizedidChurchillwin?HewontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.3.WhenandhowdidChurchillstepontotheworldstage?HesteppedontotheworldstageattheoutbreakoftheWorldWarIin1914inthecapacityofFirstLordoftheAdmiraltyofGreatBritain.34.1.WhatwasChurchillinterest5.WhathelpedChurchilltobeasimportantasRooseveltandStalin?ItwasthefactthatBritain,undertheleadershipofChurchill,stoodaloneasHitler’sonlyenemyin1942.Becauseheknewverywellthathiscountryalonewasnotdemographically,industriallyorfinanciallystrongenoughtowinthewaragainsttheNazisandtheinterventionoftheU.S.,themostpowerfulcountryintheworld,wouldbringthewartoitsendmuchsooner.4.WhydidChurchillhopetheU.S.couldjointhewaragainstHitler?35.5.WhathelpedChurchilltobeEversincehebecamethepremierofhiscountry,ChurchillplacedhishopeofthefinalvictoryontheinterventionoftheU.S.InordertogettheU.S.involvedinthewar,heestablishedapersonalrelationshipwithPresidentRoosevelt.WhenhisrequestwasdeclinedbyRoosevelt,hewasstilloptimisticandbelievedthatthingswouldworkhisway.Thelaterdevelopmentoftheworldsituationprovedthathewasright.6.Inwhatway,accordingtotheauthorofthistext,wasChurchillasuccessfulstatesman?36.EversincehebecamethepremiPoliticalCareer(inearlystage)1901…HeenteredParliament.1904…HelefttheConservationPartytojointheLiberals.1906…Under-SecretaryofState国务次卿1908…PresidentoftheBoardofTrade.英国贸易委员会主席。1910…HomeSecretary内政大臣1911…FirstLordoftheAdmiralty英国海军大臣1912…RoyalNavalAirService皇家海军航空队1914…politicalheadofroyalnavyattheoutbreakofthefirstworldwar(whenhesteppedontotheworldstage)37PoliticalCareer(inearlystaPoliticalCareer(inearlystage)1915…heresignedandbeganhispoliticaleclipse1917…readmissiontooffice,buthefailedtore-establishthereputation1919…MinisterofWar军事部长1921…ColonialSecretary辅政司1924…herejoinedtheconservativeaschancellorofexchequer.财政大臣1931…heresignedofficeandenteredwhatappearedtobeaterminalpoliticaldecline.38PoliticalCareer(inearlystaPoliticalCareer(inlaterstage)1933~1939…anti-Nazipoliciesinhiswildernessyears.1940…hestoodoutastheonemaninwhomthenationcouldplaceitstrustandrefusedHitler'soffersofpeace,organizedasuccessfulairdefensethatledtothevictoryoftheBattleofBritain.1941…hispoliciesdisruptedtheNazi'splantoconcludeGermanconquestsinEuropebydefeatingRussia.39PoliticalCareer(inlaterstPoliticalCareer(inlaterstage)1942…theprestigeBritainhadwonasHitler'sonlyenemyallowedChurchilltosustainparityofleadershipintheanti-NazialliancewithRooseveltandStalin.1945…helosethegeneralelectionandwithitthepremiership.1951…hewastoreturntopower1955…whenillhealthandvisiblyfailingpowerscausedhimtoresign40PoliticalCareer(inlaterstliteratureChurchill'sliterarycareerbeganwithcampaignreports:TheStoryoftheMalakandFieldForce

(1898)andTheRiverWar

(1899)

1900,hepublishedhisonlynovel,Savona

1906,hisfirstmajorwork,thebiographyofhisfather,LordRandolphChurchill丘吉尔勋爵1933-1938,hisotherfamousbiography,thelifeofhisgreatancestor,TheDukeofMarlborough马尔伯勒公爵1923-1929,Churchill'shistoryoftheFirstWorldWarTheWorldCrisis第一次世界大战回忆录1930,anautobiographicalaccountofhisyouth,MyEarlyLife我的童年生活1948-1953/54,hismemoirsoftheSecondWorldWar1956-1958,HistoryoftheEnglish-speakingPeoples

Hismagnificentoratory:TheUnrelentingStruggle

(1942),

TheDawnofLiberation

(1945),andVictory

(1946).41literatureChurchill'sliteraryartChurchill,agiftedamateurpainter,wrotePaintingasaPastime

(1948).《绘画消遣》42artChurchill,agiftedamateurhonors1953,ChurchillwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.1953,QueenElizabethIIconferredonhimthedignityofKnighthood(骑士身份)andinvestedhimwiththeinsigniaoftheOrderoftheGarter(嘉德勋章).1963,PresidentKennedyconferredonhimthehonorarycitizenshipoftheUnitedStates(美国荣誉市民).43honors1953,Churchillwasawaranecdotes据说，丘吉尔一生中吸过的雪茄的总长度为46公里，吸食雪茄总重量为3000公斤，是世界上吸食雪茄吉尼斯纪录的保持者。丘吉尔的父母寿命都不长，他自己也是一位先天不足的早产儿，出生时仅仅五斤重，而且体质羸弱，在如此恶劣的战争环境中，一位日理万机的政治家，却活了91岁。44anecdotes据说，丘吉尔一生中吸过的雪茄的总长度为46anecdotes“victory”它源自英文胜利一词，形象的表现了这个单词的第一个字母“V”。而创造这个手势的人就是丘吉尔。

WinstonChurchillcreatedandpopularisedtheVforvictorysignduringWorldWarII.45anecdotes“victory”它源自英文胜利一词，形象4646474748484949Famoussayings"Alwaysremember,thatIhavetakenmoreoutofalcoholthanalcoholhastakenoutofme."我欠酒多，酒欠我少。“InWar:Resolution,InDefeat:Defiance,InVictory:Magnanimity,InPeace:GoodWill."战争中，决心。失败中，不屈。胜利中，慷慨。和平中，好意。"thereisnosuchthingasagoodtax"税收万恶。"IfHitlerinvadedhellIwouldmakeatleastafavorablereferencetothedevilintheHouseofCommons."如果希特勒入侵了地狱，我也会在议会里夸奖魔鬼几句。"Ifweopenaquarrelbetweenpastandpresent,weshallfindthatwehavelostthefuture."如果我们让过去和现在争吵，我们将失去未来。50Famoussayings"Alwaysremember

TextⅡWinstonChurchill51.

TextⅡWinstonChurchilAboutthewriter:JohnKeeganahistorian,isthedefenseandmilitaryspecialistforLondon’sDailyTelegraph52Aboutthewriter:2ComprehensionoftheTextThisbiographyiswritteninchronologicalorder.53ComprehensionoftheTextThis

Churchillcameofamilitarydynasty.HisancestorJohnChurchillhadbeencreatedfirstDukeofMarlborough(马尔巴罗公爵)

in1702forhisvictoriesagainstLouisXIV（路易十四）earlyintheWaroftheSpanishSuccession.（西班牙王位继承战争）Churchillwasbornin1874inBlenheimPalace（布尼姆宫）,thehousebuiltbythenationforMarlborough.Asayoungmanofundistinguishedacademicaccomplishment--hewasadmittedtoSandhurst（桑赫斯特皇家军事学校）aftertwofailedattempts--heenteredthearmyasacavalryofficer.Hetookenthusiasticallytosoldiering(andperhapsevenmoreenthusiasticallytoregimentalpoloplaying)andbetween1895and1898managedtoseethreecampaigns:Spain'sstruggleinCubain1895,theNorth-WestFrontiercampaigninIndia1897andtheSudancampaignof1898,wherehetookpartinwhatisoftendescribedastheBritishArmy'slastcavalrycharge,atOmdurman.

WinstonChurchillbyJohnKeegan54. Churchillcameofamilitary

InCubahewaspresentasawarcorrespondent,andinIndiaandtheSudanhewaspresentbothasawarcorrespondentandasaservingofficer.Thusherevealedtwootheraspectsofhischaracter:aliterarybentandaninterestinpublicaffairs.55.

InCubahewaspresentasaw

Hewastowriteallhislife.His"LifeofMarlborough"isoneofthegreatEnglishbiographies,and"TheHistoryoftheSecondWorldWar"helpedwinhimaNobelPrizeforliterature.Writing,however,neverfullyengagedhisenergies.Politicsconsumedhim.HisfatherLordRandolphChurchill（伦道夫•丘吉尔勋爵）wasabrilliantpoliticalfailure.Earlyinlife,Winstondeterminedtosucceedwherehisfatherhadfailed.Hismotivesweretwofold.Hisfatherhaddespisedhim.WritinginAugust1893toWinston'sgrandmother,thedowagerDuchessofMarlborough,hesaidtheboylacked

"cleverness,knowledgeandanycapacityforsettledwork.Hehasagreattalentforshow-off,exaggerationandmake-believe."

Hisdisapprovalsurelystung,butChurchillreactedbyveneratinghisfather'smemory.56. Hewastowriteallhislife.Hewastowriteallhislife.(Para.2,Line1)Paraphrase:Hewasdestinedtowriteallhislife.之后他一生一直在写作。详解：“betodo”这个结构有两方面的意思1）be+动词不定式作表语，它表示主语和表语在概念上是等同的。2）“betodo”作为一个独立的词汇单位，具有情态意义，表示“计划”“安排”“应该”“可能”等。例句：Theproblemistofindasolution.Theheadmasteristohaveameetinginourclass.was/weretodo表示曾经计划要做某事was/weretohavedone表示过去本计划做某事却由于某些原因而没有做577Winstonfoughttorestorehisfather'shonorinParliament(whereithadbeendentedbytheConservativeParty).ThirtyyearsafterLordRandolph'sdeath,Winstonwrote,

"Allmydreamsofcomradeshipwereended.Thereremainedformeonlytopursuehisaimsandvindicatehismemory."

ChurchillenteredParliamentin1901atage26.In1904helefttheConservativePartytojointheLiberals,inpartoutofcalculation:theLiberalswerethecomingparty,andinitsrankshesoonachievedhighoffice.HebecameHomeSecretaryin1910andFirstLordoftheAdmiralty（海军大臣）in1911.ThusitwasaspoliticalheadoftheRoyalNavyattheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914thathesteppedontotheworldstage.

58.Winstonfoughttorestorehis

Apassionatebelieverinthenavy'shistoricstrategicrole,heimmediatelycommittedtheRoyalNavalDivision（皇家海军）toaninterventionintheFlanderscampaignin1914.FrustratedbythestalemateinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,heinitiatedtheAllies'onlymajorefforttooutflanktheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.AtGallipoliin1915,thisAnglo-FrenchforcestruggledtobreakthedefensesthatblockedaccesstotheBlackSea.ItwasaheroicfailurethatforcedChurchill'sresignationandledtohispoliticaleclipse.59. ApassionatebelieverintheFrustratedbythestalemateinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,heinitiatedtheAllies’onlymajoreffortoutflanktheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.(Para.4,Line4)Paraphrase:FeelingdisappointedabouttheblockedsituationinBelgiumandFrancethatfollowed,hebegantosettheAllies’onlymajorefforttomaneuveraroundandbehindtheflankoftheGermansontheWesternFrontbysendingthenavy,andlateralargeforceofthearmy,totheMediterranean.随后他们在比利时和法国没有取得什么战果，丘吉尔感到十分失望。他先后把海军和另一批主力部队派遣到地中海，想要从西线包围德国军队。6010succession

theactoftakingoveranofficialpositionortitleortherighttotakeoveranofficialpositionortitle,especiallytobecomethekingorqueenofacountry继承，继承权Successiveadj.连续的，逐次的，相继的successorn.继承人，接班人词组短语：Insuccession接连的，连续的Asuccessionof一连串；一系列Inquicksuccession紧接地例句：Thegunmanfiredthreetimesinrapidsuccession.歹徒连开三枪。She’sthirdinorderofsuccessiontothethrone.?她在王位继承人顺位中排第三。61.successiontheactoftaki详解：这个句子的主要结构就是heinitiatedthe…bysending…to…。Frustratedby…在这里是分词结构做状语，逻辑主语是he，其中thatfollowed是定语从句，关系代词that所代替的先行词是前面的名词stalemate。6212Regiment

①

n.alargegroupofsoldiersthatiscommandedbyaCOLONEL(军队的)团②v.严格地管制，严密地编组

Regimental

adj.团的，团队的例句：Modernchildrendon`tlikebeingregimented.现代儿童不喜欢严格管教63.Regiment13.Sting

(Para2)v.①刺伤，蛰伤，叮②激怒，刺痛n.刺痛，刺伤，剧痛stingern.讽刺者有刺的动物stingilyadv.小气地吝啬地Stingingadj.激烈的刺人的例句：Hewasstungbyabeewhenhewascollectingthehoney.他在采蜜时被蛰了。Somespiderscangiveapoisonoussting.有些蜘蛛会以毒液蛰人。64.Sting(Para2)v.①刺伤，蛰伤，叮②激怒，Initiate

vt.(Para4)v.tosetgoingbytakingthefirststep;begin①开始，发动②使初步了解③接纳，让…加入Initiativen.主动性,自主决断的能力、initiationn.启蒙，传授词组短语：Initiatesbinto…接纳某人加入某一团体例句：IinitiatedhimintoourEnglishclub.我介绍他加入我们英语俱乐部。ThebookinitiatesusintothecustomsinAfrica.这本书使我们初步了解了非洲的风俗习惯。Ourschoolhasinitiatedanewprogramtoimprovemathskills.我们学校已开始了一项提高数学能力的新计划。65.Initiatevt.(Para4)v.toseeclipsen.①日食，月食②（地位、声誉等的）消失，黯然失色alossofimportance,power,ectvt.使黯然，使失色例句：Sheiseclipsedbyhersister.和妹妹相比，她有些逊色。Aftersufferingfromaneclipse,heisagainfamousamonghiscontemporaries.一段时期的销声匿迹后，他又名噪一时。66.eclipsen.①日食，月食②（地位、声誉等的）消失

Itwaseffectivelytolastnearly25years.Despitehisreadmissiontoofficein1917,afteraspellcommandinganinfantrybattalionontheWesternFront,hefailedtore-establishthereputationasafuturenationalstatesmanhehadwonbeforethewar.Dispirited,hechosetheissueoftheLiberalParty'ssupportforthefirstgovernmentformedbytheLabourPartyin1924torejointheConservatives,afteraspellwhenhehadbeenoutofParliamentaltogether.TheConservativePrimeMinisterappointedChurchillChancelloroftheExchequer(财政大臣）,butwhenhereturnedthecountrytothegoldstandard,itprovedfinanciallydisastrous,andhefurtherweakenedhispoliticalpositionbyopposingmeasurestograntIndialimitedself-government.Heresignedofficein1931andenteredwhatappearedtobeaterminalpoliti