中考仿真英语专题复习九：定语从句的考点讲解和训练

中考英语专题复习九：定语从句的考点讲解和训练【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：定语从句的功用和结构关系代词和关系副词的功用各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。【名师精讲】一.定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.二.关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.ThecarswhichareproducedinHubei2.作宾语：SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape〞.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.4.作状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate？MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.3.whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.四.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：

Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.五.具体使用时还要注意以下问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.【中考范例】theteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?---Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who适宜。2.Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that适宜。3---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaA.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who适宜。hatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who适宜。【总分值演练】一.单项填空1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?---Oh!It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which5.Thisistheplace

_____Ihaveevervisited.

A.there

B.when

C.where

D.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when二.用关系代词或关系副词将以下每对句子连成一个复合句1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.9.Isthisthe