(1)汉语典故及其英译

汉语典故及其英译赏析

ChineseIdiomsandtheAppreciation

只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针

磨杵成针

李白少读书，未成弃去，道逢老妪磨杵，白问其故，曰："作针。”白感其言，邃卒业。

昔人已乘黄鹤去，晴川历历汉阳树，此地空余黄鹤楼。芳草萋萋鹦鹉洲。黄鹤一去不复返，日暮乡关何处是，白云千载空悠悠。烟波江上使人愁。

——崔浩“千秋绝唱”、“千古擅名之作”、“唐人七律诗第一”，“渺茫无际，高唱入云。太白尚心折，何况馀子”。《唐才子传》：“李白登此楼曰<眼前有景道不得，崔颢题诗在上头>，乃无作而去，是为哲匠敛手”。Nowordisbettertodescribethepresentlandscape.(It’sapitymyworkmaynotbebetterthanthepresentone.)“两拳打碎黄鹤楼，一脚踢翻鹦鹉洲。眼前有景道不得，崔颢题诗在上头。”《唐才子传》

《鹦鹉洲》

鹦鹉东过吴江水，烟开兰叶香风暖，江上洲传鹦鹉名。岸夹桃花锦浪生。鹦鹉西飞陇山去，迁客此时徒极目，芳洲之树何青青。长洲孤月向谁明？

《登金陵凤凰台》：

凤凰台上凤凰游，三山半落青天外，凤去台空江自流。二水中分白鹭洲。吴宫花草埋幽境，总为浮云能蔽日，晋代衣冠成古丘。长安不见使人愁。

上元二年（671）“今观二诗，真敌手棋也”，“太白此诗与崔颢《黄鹤楼》相似，格律气势，未易甲乙”（<方回，瀛奎律髓>）。贬抑者说：“起句失利，岂能比肩《黄鹤》。”“太白此诗全摹崔颢《黄鹤楼》而终不及崔诗之超妙，惟结句用意似胜”。更有甚者云：“然则先生当日，定宜割爱，竟让崔家独步，何必如后世细锁文人，必欲沾沾不舍，而甘于出此哉。”这是说李白当时应该藏拙，不必作此诗出丑。

OnClimbinginNan-KingtoTheTerraceofPhoenixesPhoenixesthatplayedhereonce,sothattheplacewasnamedforthem,Haveabandoneditnowtothisdesolatedriver;ThepathsofWuPalacearecrookedwithweeds;ThegarmentsofChinareancientdust.

LikethisgreenhorizonhalvingtheThreePeaks,LikethisIslandofWhiteEgretsdividingtheriver,AcloudhasarisenbetweentheLightofHeavenandme.Tohidehiscityfrommymelancholyheart

«龙池篇»（沈佺期656-713

）龙池跃龙龙已飞，邸弟楼台多气色，龙德先天天不违。君王凫雁有光辉。池开天汉分黄道，为报寰中百川水，龙向天门入紫微。来朝此地莫东归。

GrindaRodintoaNeedle

whenhewasyoungLiBaididnotshowwellinlearning,andsohedecidedtogiveuphisstudieshalfway.Onthewayhomeonedayhesawanoldwomanapplyingherselftogrindinganironrod．InwonderLiBaiaskedherwhatshewasabout.Theoldwomanrepliedcurtly,"Makinganeedleofit."Feelingashamedofhisownlackofperseverance，LiBaiwentbacktolearningandfinallyacquiredgreatscholarship.

Applyoneselfto:集中精力，专心

Youwillpassyourexamsifyoureallyapplyyourselftoyourwork.Perseverance:坚持不懈，

Aftermonthsofdisappointment,hisperseverancewasfinallyrewarded.

只要功夫深，铁杵磨成针。Withtimeandpatiencetheleafofthemulberrybecomessatin.

1,Constantdropping/drippingwillwearthestone.2,Adropofwatercanbreakastone.3,Thestoneyieldstothewater.4,Featherbyfeatherthegooseisplucked.5,Littlestrokesfellgreatoaks1、2,滴水穿石3，石头不敌水滴。4，羽毛一根一根拔，鹅毛也拔光。5，小小敲击倒大树。

宰相肚里能撑船

Thepremier'sstomachisbigenoughtorollaboat

ThePrimeminister’sheartisbigenoughtosailaboatin(broad-minded)

一个理发师帮宰相理发、修面，谁知修面修到一半时，也不知道是不是因为过分紧张，竟然把宰相的眉毛刮掉了。哎呀！这可不得了，他顿时惊恐万分：宰相必然会怪罪下来，那我说不定小命不保啊！·

情急智生，理发师突然记起一句老话：盛赞之下无怒气。于是，他停下剃刀，故意两眼直直地看着宰相的肚子，仿佛要看出什么来。宰相见状莫名其妙，不解地说：“你不修面，老看着我的肚子干什么呀？”理发师忙解释道：“人们常说宰相肚里能撑船，我看大人的肚子并不大，怎么能撑船呢？”宰相一听，哈哈大笑：“那是宰相的气量大，能容忍，不计较小事啊！”理发师一听，马上跪了下来，声泪俱下地说：“小的该死，方才修面时不小心，将相爷的眉毛刮掉了！相爷气量大，请千万恕罪。”宰相一听急了：一条眉毛没了，我怎么见人啊？正要发作，但又转念一想：自己刚讲过宰相气量大，怎能为这样的小事治他的罪呢？于是，宰相便说：“无妨，且去拿笔把眉毛画上就是了。Thepremier'sstomachisbigenoughtorollaboatOnebarbergaveapremierahaircutandgavehimashave.Hewas

verynervousandhalfwaythroughtheshave，hescrapedoffoneofthepremier'seyebrows！

Hewasterrified。Thepremierwassuretobeangryandorderhimtobeexecuted．Suddenlyherememberedanoldsaying，“Thereisnoangerunderhighpraise．Hestoppedshavingandstaredatpremier'sstomachasiftherewassomethingonit．

Thepremierwasconfusedandasked，“Whyhaveyoustoppedshavingandwhyareyoustaringatmybelly?"Thebarberexplainedatonce．“Ihearditissaidthatthepremier'sstomachisbigenoughtorollaboat．Iseeyourstomachisnotsobig，sohowcanaboatberolledonit?”

Hearingthis，thepremierburstintolaughter．“ThatmeansIamverytolerantandIdonotcareforsmallthings．”

Hearingthis，thebarberimmediatelykneltdownandsaidwithtears，“Itismyfault，Ishoulddie．Justnow，becauseofcarelessness，Iaccidentallyscrapedoffoneofyoureyebrows．Youareverytolerant，pleaseforgiveme．”

Thepremierwasveryangry．“HowcanIappearinfrontofpeoplewithonlyoneeyebrow?”Whilehewantedtolashoutinhisanger，hethought，“I'vejustsaidthatIamtolerant．HowcanIpunishhimforthissmallthing?"Thepremiersaid，“Itisnoproblem．Justfindapenanddrawaneyebrowforme．Itwillbeokay．TenPiecesofChineseWisdom1,Mancannotbealwaysfortunate,norcanflowerslastforever.2,Thosewhodonotplanforthefuturewillfindtroubleontheirdoorstep.3,Thereareunexpectedstormsinnature,andunpredictablevicissitudesinlife.4,Asdistancetestsahorse’sstrength,sodoestimerevealaperson’srealcharacter.5,Itiswhenyouareusingwhatyouhavelearnedfrombooksthatyouwishyouhadreadmore.6,Youcannotknowwinebythebarrel.7,Romewasnotbuiltinoneday.8,Hethatisfullofhimselfisveryempty.9,Hewhodigsapitforothers,fallsinhimself.10，Onesingleslipbringseternalregret,andlookingback,youfindthatyourwholelifehaspassedaway.1,人无千日好，花无百日红。2，人无远虑，必有近忧。3，天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福。4，路遥知马力，事久见人心。5，书到用时方恨少。6，人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。7，罗马不是一天建成的（一口吃不成个胖子）8，自满之人，其内必空。9，害人终害己。（木匠带枷，自作自受）10，一失足成千古恨，再回头是百年身。

望子成龙

1，Longtoseeone’ssonsucceedinlife.2,Longtoseeone’ssonwinsuccessintheworld.3,hopeone’schildwillhaveabrightfuture.4,hopethatone’ssonwillbecomesomebody.5,expectone’ssontobecomeanoutstandingpersonage.TheanguishintheheartoftheDragon.英语谚语5条1、Looknotformuskinadog’skennel2、Betteralivingdogthanadeadlion.3、Cheekbringssuccess.4、Iwastedtime,andnowdoestimewasteme.5、Gaintime,gainlife.梁惠王曰：“寡人之於国也，尽心焉耳矣。河内凶，则移其民於河东，移其粟於河内。河东凶亦然。察邻国之政，无如寡人之用心者。邻国之民不加少，寡人之民不加多，何也？”孟子对日：“王好战，请以战喻。填然鼓之，兵刃既接，弃甲曳兵而走。或百步而后止，或五十步而后止。以五十步笑百步·则何如？”曰：“不可，直不百步耳，是亦走也。”曰：“王如知此，则无望民之多於邻国也。”（孟子·梁惠王上）

OneWhoRetreatsFiftyPacesMocksOneWhoRetreatsaHundredKingHuioftheStateofWeisaidtoMencius，"Ihavedonemyvery-bestindealingwithstateaffairs.WhentherewasacropfailureinHeneiImovedmypeopletoHedongandbroughtbackgraintoHenei.WhenHedonghadafamine,Ididlikewise．ButfrommyobservationIdon'tseetheadministrationofourneighbouri