MCS单片机课程设计报告

单片机课程设计报告专业班级：学生学号：学生姓名：指导教师：设计时间：自动化与电气工程学院

设计课题题目：最小系统实现音乐播放及秒计时器一、设计任务与要求1．学会运用STC12C5404单片机为核心，以动态扫描的形式点亮数码管2.学会利用利用STC12C54040单片机为核心，驱动蜂鸣器3.利用最小系统板做音乐播放和秒级计时双模式系统二、硬件原理及单元电路分析74LS1648位串入，并出移位寄存器。用于数码管输出的串入并出。时钟(CP)每次由低变高时，数据右移一位，输入到Q0，Q0是两个数据输入端（DSA和DSB）的逻辑与，它将上升时钟沿之前保持一个建立时间的长度74LS1383线－8线译码器。用于控制数码管的共阴极引脚。MAX232MAX232芯片是美信公司专门为电脑的RS-232标准串口设计的单电源电平转换芯片,使用+5v单电源供电。三位共阴数码管三位共阴数码管结构0123456789不带小数点3FH06H5BH4FH66H6DH7DH07H7FH6FH带小数点0BFH86HFBH0CFH0E6H0EDH0FDH87H0FFH0EFH三、软件原理及框图阐述音乐播放原理：单片机产生不同频率脉冲信号的原理：要产生音频脉冲，只要算出某一音频的脉冲（1/频率），然后将此周期除以2，即为半周期的时间，利用定时器计时这个半周期的时间，每当计时到后就将输出脉冲的I/O反相，然后重复计时此半周期的时间再对I/O反相，就可以在I/O脚上得到此频率的脉冲。（可根据下图理解）

例如，中音1频率为523Hz，其周期为1/523S=1912uS，因此只要每1912us就将I/O反接，就可到中音DO（532Hz）。在程序中则为1912/4=478≈30H。高音频率为中音频率的2倍则高音1为18H。对应音符表音符名频率(Hz)对应数值低音1261.625660H低音2293.664856H低音3329.62764CH低音4349.228248H低音5391.995440H低音644039H低音7493.883334H中音1523.251130H中音2587.32952BH中音3659.255126H中音4698.456524H中音5783.990920H中音68801CH中音7987.76661AH高音11046.50218H高音21174.65915H高音31318.5113H高音41396.91312H高音51567.98210H高音617600EH高音71975.5330DH休止符0FFH计时器T0控制播放时长，且规定：一拍40H半拍20H1/4拍10H。数码管动态扫描原理：视觉停留：当一个画面1秒内连续闪烁24次以上则人眼认为该画面为静止。打开相应数码管负极引脚，输出信号存到A寄存器,A寄存器带进位右移，则最后一位存到C，把C中的信号传给P1.1口，P3.4口给74LS164一个上升沿触发信号，74LS164内数值右移，P1.1口信号存到Q0，循环②—⑤7次，使Q0—Q7为对应数值延时使每一个数字显示一段时间，并保证能使数字1秒内连续闪烁24次以上循环重复①—⑧数码管动态扫描PROTEUS仿真：程序框图：程序：ORG0000HLJMPSTRAT;主程序ORG000BH;音乐用中断入口LJMPTEE0ORG001BH;计时用中断入口LJMPTEE1ORG0100HSTRAT:MOVSP,#0DFH;*****************************模式选择模块*************************************MOVDPTR,#SMG0;数码管显示无小数点数字MOVP1,#01011111B;初始化P1口并打数码管2显示1MOVA,#1MOVCA,@A+DPTR;LCALLPRINTMOVP1,#11011111B;初始化P1口并打数码管3显示0MOVA,#0MOVCA,@A+DPTR;LCALLPRINTMOVP1,#00111111B;初始化P1口并打数码管4显示RMOVA,#77HLCALLPRINTMOVP1,#10111111B;初始化P1口并打数码管5显示2MOVA,#2MOVCA,@A+DPTR;LCALLPRINTJNBP1.4,MUSIC;按下S1进入音乐模式JNBP1.3,CHANGE0;按下S2进入计时模式SJMPSTRAT;保持显示1OR2;*********************************音乐模块************************************MUSIC:;音乐播放LCALLDELKEY;延时避免开关多次读取PPEQUP3.7;定义音乐输出口MOVP1,#0FFH;清除读数MOVTH0,#0D8H;定义计时器0初值定时10msMOVTL0,#0EFHMOVTMOD,#01H;计时器0为1模式MOVIE,#82H;打开中断总开关与计时器1中断开关MUSIC0:JNBP1.4,SONG1;第一次扫描到按下S1跳转到SONG1JNBP1.3,SONG3;第一次扫描到按下S2跳转到SONG3JNBP1.2,END1;第一次扫描到按下S3跳转到END1LJMPMUSIC0;未按下开关则不断循环等待END1:LCALLDELKEY;延时避免开关多次读取JNBP1.2,STRAT;第二次扫描到按下S3（即长按S3）跳转到初始程序LJMPMUSIC0;未按下S3（即短按S3）跳转到音乐初始模式SONG1:LCALLDELKEY;延时避免开关多次读取JNBP1.4,SONG2;第二次扫描到按下S1（即长按S1）跳转到SONG2MOVDPTR,#MOUSE;播放老鼠爱大米MOVP1,#10111111B;初始化P1口并打数码管5显示1MOVA,#6LCALLPRINT;调用输出语句LJMPMUSIC1SONG2:MOVDPTR,#LIKE;播放甩葱歌MOVP1,#10111111B;初始化P1口并打数码管5显示2MOVA,#5BHLCALLPRINT;调用输出语句LJMPMUSIC1SONG3:LCALLDELKEY;延时避免开关多次读取JNBP1.3,SONG4;第二次扫描到按下S2（即长按S2）跳转到SONG4MOVDPTR,#SKY;播放天空之城MOVP1,#10111111B;初始化P1口并打数码管5显现3MOVA,#4FHLCALLPRINT;调用输出语句LJMPMUSIC1SONG4:MOVDPTR,#ANGEL;播放残酷天使纲领MOVP1,#10111111B;初始化P1口并打数码管5显示4MOVA,#66HLCALLPRINT;调用输出语句LJMPMUSIC1CHANGE0:LJMPJISHU;连接计时返回跳转CHANGE3:LJMPSTRAT;连接初始程序返回跳转MUSIC1:JNBP1.2,MUSIC;按下S3返回音乐模式MOV20H,#00H;中断计数器清0NOPCLRA;A清零MOVCA,@A+DPTR;查表取代码JZEND0;是00H,则结束CJNEA,#0FFH,MUSIC4;如果是休止符，往下执行LJMPMUSIC3END0:LJMPMUSIC;是结束符则跳转到音乐初始程序MUSIC4:NOPMOVR6,A;读取音符的频率INCDPTR;DPTR加一MOVA,#0;清除AMOVCA,@A+DPTR;取节拍代码送R7MOVR7,A;读取音符发音的时间SETBTR0;启动计数MUSIC2:NOPCPLPP;音乐输出口控制MOVA,R6MOVR3,A;频率转存R3LCALLDEL;调用音乐延时MOVA,R7CJNEA,20H,MUSIC2;中断计数器(20H)=R7否?（即控制时长）;不等,则继续循环MOV20H,#00H;等于,则清零INCDPTR;取下一代码LJMPMUSIC1MUSIC3:MOVR2,20HCJNER2,#10,MUSIC3INCDPTR;读取下一个音符LJMPMUSIC1DEL:;延时2*频率（根据具体效果调整）NOPDEL1:MOVR4,#0cHDEL2:NOPDJNZR4,DEL2NOPDJNZR3,DEL1RET;*********************************计时模块*******************************;JISHU:MOVTH1,#03CH;定义计时器1初值定时50msMOVTL1,#0B0HMOVTMOD,#10H;计时器1模式1MOVIE,#88HMOVR0,#0;清零计时MOVR1,#0MOVR2,#0MOVR3,#0MOVR4,#0MOVR5,#0MOVR6,#20;重装中断计数器1LCALLDELKEY;开关延迟STRAT0:LCALLSMGPRINT;调用数码管动态显示JNBP1.2,CHANGE3;按下S3返回初始模式选择JNBP1.4,STRAT1;按下S1开始计时SJMPSTRAT0;未按下则循环扫描按键STRAT1:SETBTR1;开始计时STRAT2:LCALLSMGPRINT;调用数码管动态显示JNBP1.3,STOP;按下S2则停止计时SJMPSTRAT2;未按下S2则一直计时STOP:CLRTR1;停止计时LCALLSMGPRINT;保持显示JNBP1.4,STRAT1;按下S1则继续计时JNBP1.2,JISHU;按下S3则返回计时初始程序SJMPSTOP;未按下S3则循环等待TEE1:MOVTH1,#03CH;重装计时初值MOVTL1,#0B0HDJNZR6,CHANGE2;直到延迟20次（即1秒）MOVR6,#20;重装中断计数器1INCR5;计时加1CJNER5,#10,CHANGE2;第6数码管满10进1MOVR5,#0INCR4CJNER4,#6,CHANGE2;第5数码管满6进1MOVR4,#0INCR3CJNER3,#10,CHANGE2;第4数码管满10进1MOVR3,#0INCR2CJNER2,#6,CHANGE2;第3数码管满6进1MOVR2,#0INCR1CJNER1,#10,CHANGE2;第2数码管满10进1MOVR1,#0INCR0CJNER0,#10,CHANGE2;记满100小时清零MOVR0,#0MOVR1,#0MOVR2,#0MOVR3,#0MOVR4,#0MOVR5,#0CHANGE2:RETITEE0:;音乐模式用中断INC20H;中断服务,中断计数器0加1MOVTH0,#0D8HMOVTL0,#0EFH;12M晶振，形成10毫秒中断RETI;****************************调用库*************************SMGPRINT:MOVDPTR,#SMG0MOVP1,#00011111B;初始化P1口并打数码管0MOVA,R0MOVCA,@A+DPTRLCALLPRINTMOVP1,#01011111B;初始化P1口并打数码管2MOVA,R2MOVCA,@A+DPTRLCALLPRINTMOVP1,#00111111B;初始化P1口并打数码管4MOVA,R4MOVCA,@A+DPTRLCALLPRINTMOVP1,#10111111B;初始化P1口并打数码管5MOVA,R5MOVCA,@A+DPTRLCALLPRINTMOVDPTR,#SMG1MOVP1,#10011111B;初始化P1口并打数码管1MOVA,R1MOVCA,@A+DPTRLCALLPRINTMOVP1,#11011111B;初始化P1口并打数码管3MOVA,R3MOVCA,@A+DPTRLCALLPRINTRETPRINT:;数码管显示MOV24H,#08HLOOP:RRCA;A带进位位右移MOVP1.1,C;将进位位输出到74LS164CPLP3.4;给予74LS164上升沿触发信号CPLP3.4DJNZ24H,LOOP;A右移并输出7次DELSMG:MOV25H,02H;延时（显示一段时间）LOOP1:MOV26H,80HLOOP2:DJNZ26H,LOOP2DJNZ25H,LOOP1RETSMG0:;不带小数点0-9代码DB3fH,06H,5bH,4fH,66H,6dH,7dH,07H,7fH,6fH;不带小数点0-9SMG1:;带小数点0-9代码DB0BfH,86H,0dbH,0cfH,0e6H,0edH,0fdH,87H,0ffH,0efH;带小数点0-9DELKEY:;按键延迟避免多次读取MOV21H,#10HDEL3:MOV22H,#00HDEL4:MOV23H,#00HDEL5:DJNZ23H,DEL5DJNZ22H,DEL4DJNZ21H,DEL3RET;**************************************音乐代码************************************************MOUSE:;老鼠爱大米DB30H,20H,2BH,10H,26H,10HDB26H,20H,26H,20H,2BH,20H,30H,10H,2BH,10H,2BH,60H,30H,10H,2BH,10HDB26H,20H,26H,20H,2BH,20H,30H,20H,30H,60H,40H,10H,39H,10HDB40H,40H,40H,10H,40H,10H,39H,10H,30H,10H,30H,60H,30H,20HDB30H,20H,30H,20H,30H,10H,2BH,10H,2BH,40H,30H,20H,2BH,10H,26H,10HDB26H,20H,26H,20H,20H,20H,1CH,10H,2BH,10H,2BH,40H,26H,20H,2BH,10H,30H,10HDB30H,20H,30H,20H,2BH,20H,26H,10H,20H,10H,20H,60H,40H,10H,40H,10HDB39H,20H,30H,10H,30H,10H,30H,10H,26H,30H,2BH,20H,30H,20H,30H,20H,2BH,10H,30H,10HDB30H,0C0H,26H,20H,26H,10H,20H,10HDB20H,20H,20H,10H,20H,10H,20H,20H,20H,10H,1CH,10H,1CH,40H,26H,20H,2BH,20HDB30H,20H,30H,20H,30H,20H,2BH,10H,26H,10H,26H,60H,26H,10H,20H,10HDB20H,20H,20H,20H,20H,20H,1CH,10H,18H,10H,18H,20H,1CH,20H,20H,20H,26H,20HDB2BH,20H,30H,20H,30H,20H,39H,10H,2BH,10H,2BH,60H,26H,10H,20H,10HDB20H,20H,20H,20H,20H,10H,1CH,20H,20H,10H,1CH,40H,26H,20H,2BH,20HDB30H,20H,30H,20H,30H,20H,2BH,10H,26H,10H,26H,60H,26H,10H,20H,10HDB20H,20H,20H,20H,20H,20H,1CH,10H,18H,10H,18H,20H,1CH,20H,20H,20H,26H,10H,2BH,10HDB2BH,20H,2BH,20H,2BH,80H,30H,10H,26H,20H,24H,10HDB26H,20H,2BH,20H,2BH,80H,26H,20H,2BH,10H,30H,10HDB30H,40H,26H,20H,2BH,10H,30H,10H,30H,40H,26H,20H,2BH,20HDB26H,20H,30H,20H,26H,20H,1CH,10H,20H,10H,20H,60H,26H,10H,20H,10HDB1CH,20H,1CH,10H,20H,10H,20H,20H,1CH,10H,20H,10H,20H,40H,26H,10H,2BH,10H,30H,20HDB2BH,20H,2BH,10H,26H,10H,2BH,20H,30H,10H,2BH,10H,2BH,40H,26H,20H,2BH,10H,30H,10HDB30H,40H,26H,20H,2BH,10H,30H,10H,30H,40H,26H,20H,2BH,20HDB26H,20H,30H,20H,26H,10H,1CH,20H,20H,10H,20H,60H,26H,10H,20H,10HDB1CH,20H,1CH,20H,18H,20H,20H,10H,1CH,10H,20H,30H,20H,10H,26H,10H,2BH,10H,30H,20HDB2BH,40H,2BH,10H,30H,10H,2BH,10H,26H,10H,2BH,40H,26H,20H,26H,20H,2BH,60H,30H,20H,30H,0C0HDB00HSKY:;天空之城DB39H,20H,34H,20HDB18H,60H,1AH,20H,18H,40H,13H,40HDB1AH,0C0H,26H,10H,26H,10HDB1CH,60H,20H,20H,1CH,40H,18H,40HDB20H,80H,0FFH,26H,10H,26H,10HDB24H,60H,26H,20H,26H,20H,18H,60HDB26H,80,0FFH,18H,20H,18H,20H,18H,20HDB1AH,60H,24H,20H,24H,40H,1AH,40HDB1AH,80H,0FFH,1CH,20H,1AH,20HDB18H,60H,1AH,20H,18H,40H,13H,40H,DB1AH,80H,26H,10H,26H,10HDB1CH,60H,20H,20H,1CH,40H,18HDB20H,80H,20H,40H,0FFH,26H,20H,DB24H,40H,18H,20H,1AH,20H,1AH,40H,18H,40H,DB15H,20H,15H,20H,13H,20H,18H,40H,0FFHDB18H,40H,1AH,20H,1CH,20H,1CH,20H,1AH,40H,20H,40HDB1CH,80H,0FFH,18H,20H,15H,20HDB13H,60H,15H,20H,13H,40H,10H,40HDB15H,80H,0FFH,26H,20H,26H,20HDB18H,20H,1AH,20H,18H,40H,13H,40HDB13H,80H,0FFH,0FFH,0FFH,0FFHDB1CH,20H,1AH,20H,18H,40H,1AH,40H,15H,20H,15H,20HDB18H,60H,20H,20H,20H,40H,0FFHDB12H,40H,13H,40H,15H,40H,18H,40HDB13H,80H,13H,80H,DB13H,80H,0FFH,13H,40HDB0EH,80H,10H,40H,10H,40H,DB13H,20H,15H,20H,18H,40H,0FFH,18H,20H,DB15H,40H,18H,20H,15H,20H,15H,20H,10H,40HDB13H,80H,0FFH,13H,40HDB0EH,80H,10H,80HDB13H,20H,15H,20H,18H,80H,0FFH,18H,20HDB15H,40H,18H,20H,15H,20H,15H,20H,1AH,40HDB1CH,80H,0FFH,1CH,20H,1AH,20DB1CH,80H,1CH,80HDB00HANGEL:;残酷天使纲领DB39H,40H,30H,40H,2BH,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,2BH,20HDB2BH,20H,2BH,20H,20H,20H,24H,20H,26H,10H,2BH,20H,26H,10H,26H,40HDB26H,40H,20H,40H,1CH,30H,2BH,10H,2BH,20H,30H,20HDB20H,20H,20H,20H,26H,20H,20H,20HDB20H,30H,1CH,10H,1CH,0C0HDB0FFH,30H,20H,40H,10H,40H,10H,40H,40H,0FFH,30H,20HDB30H,30H,2BH,10H,2BH,20H,20H,20H,20H,40H,0FFH,20H,20HDB26H,30H,24H,10H,24H,20H,26H,20H,2BH,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,2BH,20HDB26H,30H,24H,10H,24H,20H,26H,20H,39H,40H,0FFH,39H,10H,34H,10HDB30H,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,34H,20H,34H,40H,0FFH,30H,10H,2BH,10HDB24H,30H,26H,10H,26H,20H,2BH,20H,30H,40H,0FFH,26H,20HDB26H,30H,2BH,10H,2BH,20H,30H,20H,2BH,40H,39H,40HDB39H,60H,34H,20H,34H,80HDB0FFH,30H,20H,40H,10H,40H,10H,40H,40H,0FFH,30H,20HDB30H,20H,2BH,10H,2BH,20H,20H,20H,20H,40H,0FFH,20H,20HDB26H,30H,24H,10H,24H,20H,26H,20H,2BH,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,2BH,20HDB26H,30H,24H,10H,24H,20H,26H,20H,39H,40H,0FFH,39H,10H,34H,10HDB30H,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,34H,20H,34H,40H,0FFH,30H,10H,2BH,10HDB24H,30H,26H,10H,26H,20H,2BH,20H,30H,40H,0FFH,26H,20HDB26H,30H,2BH,10H,2BH,20H,30H,20H,2BH,30H,26H,10H,26H,20H,24H,20HDB26H,80H,26H,80HDB30H,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,34H,20H,30H,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,34H,20HDB2BH,30H,2BH,10H,2BH,20H,30H,20H,34H,30H,39H,10H,39H,20H,34H,20HDB30H,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,34H,20H,2BH,30H,34H,10H,34H,10H,39H,30HDB30H,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,34H,20H,30H,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,34H,20HDB2BH,30H,2BH,10H,2BH,20H,30H,20H,34H,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,2BH,20HDB26H,30H,24H,10H,24H,20H,26H,20H,2BH,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,2BH,20HDB26H,80H,26H,80HDB39H,40H,30H,40H,2BH,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,2BH,20HDB2BH,20H,2BH,20H,20H,20H,24H,20H,26H,10H,2BH,20H,26H,10H,26H,40HDB26H,40H,20H,40H,1CH,30H,2BH,10H,2BH,20H,30H,20HDB34H,20H,34H,20H,39H,20H,34H,20H,2BH,10H,30H,20H,30H,10H,30H,40HDB39H,40H,30H,40H,2BH,30H,30H,10H,30H,20H,2BH,20HDB2BH,20H,2BH,20H,20H,20H,24H,20H,26H,10H,2BH,20H,26H,10H,26H,40HDB26H,40H,20H,40H,1CH,30H,2BH,10H,2BH,20H,30H,20HDB20H,20H,20H,20H,26H,20H,20H,20HDB20H,30H,1CH,10H,1CH,0C0HDB00HLIKE:;甩葱歌DB30H,20H,24H,20H,24H,30H,20H,10H,1CH,10H,1CH,10H,24H,20H,24H,20H,24H,10H,1CH,10HDB20H,20H,26H,20H,26H,20H,26H,20H,20H,10H,20H,10H,24H,20H,24H,30H,24H,10HDB30H,20H,24H,20H,24H,30H,20H,10H,1CH,10H,1CH,10H,24H,20H,24H,20H,24H,10H,1CH,10HDB18H,10H,18H,10H,18H,10H,1AH,10H,1CH,10H,1CH,10H,20H,10H,20H,10H,1CH,20H,24H,10H,24H,10H,24H,20H,24H,10H,1CH,10HDB18H,20H,18H,20H,1AH,20H,1CH,20H,20H,20H,26H,20H,26H,20H,26H,10H,26H,10DB1AH,10H,1AH,10H,1AH,10H,1AH,10H,1CH,20H,20H,20H,1CH,20H,24H,10H,24H,10H,24H,20H,24H,10H,1CH,10HDB18H,20H,18H,20H,1AH,20H,1CH,20H,20H,20H,26H,20H,26H,20H,26H,10H,26H,10D