高中英语高三 课外阅读短文欣赏与填空

英语课外阅读泛读速览第一篇怎样正确地清洁牙齿？原文：Weallknowthatcleaningourteethisimportant,right?Because,ifyoudon'tcleanthemandthingsgowrong,theycancauseyoualotofpainand

discomfort1.We'retaughtfromayoungagehowtocleanourteeth,butthequestionis–doweallcleanourteethinthesameway?Isthereaspecifictime,technique,ordurationyoushouldbeincorporatingintoyourdentalroutine?

Whenourmilkteethfirstappearinourinfantyears,weareshown,oftenbyourparents,howtocleanthem–aritualnormallyaccompaniedbysomekindof

catchy2

song.Aswemature,ourbabyteethdropout,replacedbyadultteeth.Andsoonit'sfromtripstothedentiststhatwegetmoreadvice.Andthat'stheissue–whentryingtodiscoverthebestwaytobrushyourteeth,itfeelsliketherearesomanydifferenttipsandtricks.

UniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)analysed66sourcesoftoothbrushingadvicefromaroundtheworld.Themostcommonlyrecommendedtechniquesincorporatedcircularmovementsandhorizontalbrushstrokes.However,thereweresome

deviations3.Theangleofthebrush,useof

vertical4

movementsandrigorousscrubbingwereallvariationsonbrushingadvice.

Anditseemsthatnotonesingletechniqueisthestandardmethod–so,ifthat'sthecase,howdoweknowifwe'redoingitright?Well–thereissomestandardadvice.Itseemsthatbrushingforbetweentwotothreeminutes,twoorthreetimesaday,isthebestcourseofaction.Andifyou'reoneofthesepeoplewhothinkit'swisetobrushstraightaftersugaryfoodstopreventdecay,thinkagain.

Apparently5,bacteriaweakenthe

enamel6

almostimmediatelyuponeating,soit'swisertowaitforanhourorsobeforebrushing.Themostcommonlyrecommendedtechniquesincorporated.Whenourmilkteethfirstappearinyears,weareshown,oftenbyourparentsWhydoweallknowthatcleaningourteethisimportant?中文：我们都知道清洁牙齿很重要，对吧？因为，如果你不清理它们，出了问题，它们会给你带来很多痛苦和不适。我们从小就被教导如何清洁牙齿，但问题是，我们清洁牙齿的方式是否一样？有没有一个特定的时间，技巧，或者时间，你应该纳入你的牙科常规？当我们的乳牙在婴儿时期第一次出现时，我们的父母经常向我们展示如何清洁它们——这是一种仪式，通常伴随着某种催眠曲。随着我们的成长，我们的乳牙会脱落，代之以成年人的牙齿。很快我们就能从牙医那里得到更多的建议。这就是问题所在，当你试图找到刷牙的最佳方法时，感觉就像有很多不同的技巧和窍门。伦敦大学学院(ucl)分析了来自世界各地的66种刷牙建议。最常用的推荐技巧包括圆周运动和水平笔触。不过，还是有些不对劲。刷子的角度、垂直运动和严格的擦洗都是根据刷子的建议而变化的。似乎没有一种技术是标准的方法，如果是这样的话，我们怎么知道我们做得对不对呢？有一些标准的建议。似乎每天刷两三次牙，每次两三分钟，是最好的方法。如果你是那种认为吃完含糖食物后刷牙是明智之举的人，请三思。很明显，细菌在进食后几乎立刻就会削弱珐琅质，所以刷牙前最好等上一个小时左右。单词解释：1

discomfort

n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便参考例句：Onehastobearalittlediscomfortwhiletravelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。Sheturnedredwithdiscomfortwhentheteacherspoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。2

catchy

adj.易记住的，诡诈的，易使人上当的参考例句：Weneedanewslogan.Theoldone'snotcatchyenough.我们需要新的口号，旧的不够吸引人。Thechorusisverycatchytosaytheleast.副歌部分很容易上口。3

deviations

背离，偏离(deviation的名词复数)；离经叛道的行为参考例句：Localdeviationsdependstronglyonthelocalgeometryofthesolidmatrix.局部偏离严格地依赖于固体矩阵的局部几何形状。Theywereaseriesoftacticalday-to-daydeviationsfromWhiteHousepolicy.它们是一系列策略上一天天摆脱白宫政策的偏向。4

vertical

adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置参考例句：Thenorthernsideofthemountainisalmostvertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。Verticalairmotionsarenotmeasuredbythissystem.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。5

apparently

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎参考例句：Anapparentlyblindalleyleadssuddenlyintoanopenspace.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。Hewasapparentlymuchsurprisedatthenews.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。6

enamel

n.珐琅，搪瓷，瓷釉；(牙齿的)珐琅质参考例句：IchippedtheenamelonmyfronttoothwhenIfellover.我跌倒时门牙的珐琅质碰碎了。HecollectedcolouredenamelbowlsfromYugoslavia.他藏有来自南斯拉夫的彩色搪瓷碗。7

lasting

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持参考例句：Thelastingwardebasedthevalueofthedollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。Wehopeforalastingsettlementofallthesetroubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。第二篇吃早餐真的有那么重要吗？俗话说：早饭要吃好。有人认为早餐是一天中最重要的一顿饭，但它可能并不是你需要认真考虑的唯一一餐。

原文：Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay,“breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday”,orgiveyouadviceaboutwhyit'svitaltostartthedaywithahealthybreakfast?Itseemsthatthisfeast,formanyofus,isnecessaryforourdaytostartwell,butisitreallythatimportant?

Theword‘breakfast'comesfrom‘breakingthefast'–theideaofendingtheperiodinwhichwedidn'teatduringthenight.Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfoodreservestohealourbodies.Breakfastgivesusanopportunityto

replenish1

those

depleted2

storesofthingslikeproteinand

calcium3.So,inthatway,ahealthybreakfastmakessense.

Therearealsomanyoften-quotedstudieswhichseemtocorrelateastateof

obesity4

withskippingbreakfast.Infact,itleadsmanyhealthexpertstoadviseahealthybreakfasttonotonlyregulatebutalsoloseweight.InaUSstudy,50,000peopleweremonitoredoversevenyears,andthosewhoateahealthybreakfastwerefoundtohavealowerBMI,whichseemstosuggestthatbreakfastmayindeedhelppeoplemaintainahealthyweight.

Butitmightnotbeassimpleasthat.Someexperts,likeAlexandraJohnstone,professorofappetiteresearchattheUniversityofAberdeen,suggestthosewhoskipbreakfastmightbelessawareofhealthydietsandnutrition,andpeoplewhoeatbreakfastmighthaveahealthierlifestyleoverall–exercisingandnotsmoking,forexample.Andwiththeriseinpopularityof

intermittent5

fastingtoloseweight–theremayalsobesomebenefitstoskippingbreakfast.Intermittentfastingcanimprovebloodsugarcontrol,insulinsensitivity,andlowerbloodpressure.

So,whilebreakfasthasitsbenefits,itmightnotbethemostimportantmeal.Itseemsthatahealthylifestylewithabalanceddietmightbemoreimportantformanyofusthanjustonesinglemeal.Theword‘breakfast'comesfrom.Breakfastgivesusanopportunityto

.InaUSstudy,50,000peopleweremonitoredoveryears,andthosewhoateahealthybreakfastwerefoundtohaveaBMI.中文：你有没有听人说过”早餐是一天中最重要的一餐”或者给你建议，为什么以健康的早餐开始新的一天是至关重要的？看起来这场盛宴，对于我们中的许多人来说，对于我们这一天的良好开端是必不可少的，但它真的那么重要吗？“早餐”这个词来源于“打破禁食”——结束我们晚上不吃东西的时期。当我们睡觉的时候发生的再生过程消耗了我们的天然食物储备来治愈我们的身体。早餐使我们有机会补充那些耗尽的蛋白质和钙等物质。所以，这样一来，健康的早餐就说得通了。还有许多经常被引用的研究似乎与不吃早餐相关。事实上，这使得许多健康专家建议健康的早餐不仅要控制体重，还要减肥。在美国的一项研究中，对5万人进行了长达7年的监测，发现那些吃健康早餐的人体重指数较低，这似乎表明早餐确实可以帮助人们保持健康的体重。但可能没那么简单。阿伯丁大学食欲研究教授亚历山德拉•约翰斯通(alexandrajohnstone)等一些专家建议，不吃早餐的人可能对健康饮食和营养知识的了解较少，而吃早餐的人总体上可能拥有更健康的生活方式——比如锻炼和不吸烟。随着间歇性禁食减肥越来越受欢迎，不吃早餐可能也有一些好处。间歇性禁食可以改善血糖控制，胰岛素敏感性，并降低血压。所以，虽然早餐有它的好处，但它可能不是最重要的一餐。似乎对我们许多人来说，健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食可能比一顿饭更重要。单词解释：

replenish

vt.补充；(把…)装满；(再)填满参考例句：Ialwaysreplenishmyfoodsupplybeforeitisdepleted.我总是在我的食物吃完之前加以补充。Wehavetoimportanextra4milliontonsofwheattoreplenishourreserves.我们不得不额外进口四百万吨小麦以补充我们的储备。2

depleted

adj.枯竭的,废弃的动词deplete的过去式和过去分词参考例句：Foodsupplieswereseverelydepleted.食物供应已严重不足。Bothteamswereseverelydepletedbyinjuries.两个队都因队员受伤而实力大减。3

calcium

n.钙(化学符号Ca)参考例句：Weneedcalciumtomakebones.我们需要钙来壮骨。Calciumisfoundmostabundantlyinmilk.奶含钙最丰富。4

obesity

n.肥胖，肥大参考例句：Oneeffectofovereatingmaybeobesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。Sugarandfatcanmoreeasilyleadtoobesitythansomeotherfoods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。5

intermittent

adj.间歇的，断断续续的参考例句：Didyouheartheintermittentsoundoutside?你听见外面时断时续的声音了吗？Inthedaytimeintermittentrainsfreshenedalltheearth.白天里，时断时续地下着雨，使整个大地都生气勃勃了。科技内容全文翻译第三篇MethaneMysteryonMars:CouldItMeanLife?TheUnitedStatesspaceagency,NASA,saysitsMarsexplorationvehiclerecentlyrecordedahighlevelofmethanegasontheplanet.ThediscoveryisexcitingbecausethepresenceofmethanegascouldsupportthecaseforlifeonMars.NASA’sCuriosityvehiclerecentlyrecordedthelargestlevelofmethaneevermeasuredduringitsseven-yearMarsmission.Methanehasnocolororsmell.AspecialinstrumentonCuriosity’sMarsScienceLaboratoryrecordedtheincreasedgaslevel.Thedevice,calledalaserspectrometer,measureslevelsofchemicalelementsandgasesintheMartianatmosphere.Inadditiontomethane,theinstrumentcanrecordlevelsofwaterandcarbondioxide.NearlyallthemethanegasfoundinEarth’satmosphereisproducedbyiologicalactivity.Itusuallycomesfromanimalandplantlife.Butitcanalsobeformedbygeologicalprocesses,suchasinteractionsbetweenrocksandwater.NASAsaidtheincreasedmethanewasmeasuredtobeabout21partsperbillionbyvolume(ppbv).OneppbvmeansthatifyoutakeavolumeofaironMars,onebillionthofthevolumeofairismethane.ItwasnotthefirsttimeCuriosityhasfoundmethanegasintheMartianatmosphere.Aboutayearago,NASAannouncedthatCuriosityhaddiscoveredsharpseasonalincreasesinthegas.Thistime,NASAsaidthemeasuredmethanegaslevelwasclearlylargerthananyothersobservedinthepast.NASAofficialseventemporarilystoppedCuriosity’sotheractivitiestoinvestigatefurther.excitingbecausemicrobiallifeisanimportantsourceofmethaneonEarth,”

NASAsaidinastatementannouncingthediscovery.However,Curiosity’steamcarriedoutafollow-upmethaneexperimentthatshowedasharpdropinlevelsofthegas.Thesecondexaminationfoundthelevelwaslessthanonepartperbillionbyvolume.Thatnumberwas“closetothebackgroundlevelsCuriosityseesallthetime,”

NASAsaid.TheriseandfallofthemethanegaslevelsleftNASAscientistswithmorequestionsthananswers.Thescientistsarecontinuingtostudypossiblecausesforthesuddenincrease."Themethanemysterycontinues,"saidAshwinVasavada,Curiosity'sprojectscientistatNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratoryinPasadena,California."We'remoremotivatedthanevertokeepmeasuringandputourbrainstogethertofigureouthowmethanebehavesintheMartianatmosphere."Curiositydoesnothaveinstrumentsthatcanexactlyidentifywhetherthesourceofthemethaneisbiologicalorgeological.Oneleadingtheoryisthatmethaneisbeingreleasedfromundergroundareascreatedbypossiblelifeformsthatdisappearedlongago.EventhoughMarshasnoactivevolcanoes,scientistsbelieveitisalsopossiblethatmethaneisbeingproducedbyreactionsinvolvingcarbonmaterialsandwater.Aclearerunderstandingofmethanelevelsovertime“couldhelpscientistsdeterminewherethey'relocatedonars,”

NASAsaid.ScientistshopethisunderstandingwillcomeasCuriositycontinuestocollectmethanedatainitssearchforpossiblelife..Butitcanalsobeformedby,suchasinteractionsbetweenrocksandwater.However,Curiosity’steamcarriedoutafollow-upmethaneexperimentthatshowedinlevelsofthegas.3.Scientistshopethisunderstandingwillcomeascontinuestocollectmethanedatainitssearchforpossiblelife.火星甲烷之谜：它意味着有生命存在吗？美国太空机构NASA（美国国家航空和宇宙航行局）表示其火星探测器近期显示在这个星球上的甲烷气体浓度很高。这个发现令人很兴奋，因为甲烷气体的存在可以为火星上有生命存在提供支持性的依据。NASA的好奇号火星车近期显示出其七年火星任务期间测得的最高甲烷浓度。甲烷是一种无色无味的气体。好奇号火星科学实验室的一个特殊的仪器显示气体浓度的增加。这个叫做激光分光计的设备用于检测火星大气中化学元素和气体的浓度。除了甲烷之外，这个仪器也记录水和二氧化碳的浓度。地球大气中发现的所有甲烷气体几乎都由生物活动产生。它通常来自有生命的动物和植物。但是它也可以由岩石和水之间的相互作用等地质过程形成。NASA表示测量到甲烷增加的浓度约为按体积计算的十亿分之二十一（21ppbv）。1ppbv的意思是如果你取火星气体中一个单位体积的气体，那么这个单位体积气体中十亿分之一为甲烷。这并不是好奇号首次在火星大气中检测到甲烷气体。大约一年前，NASA宣布好奇号气体中存在剧烈的季节性增加。这次，NASA表示测量到的甲烷气体浓度比过去任何时候观察到的浓度明显要高很多。NASA官员表示甚至暂停了好奇号的其他活动来进行进一步调查。“这令人很激动因为微生物是地球上甲烷气体的重要来源，”NASA在宣布这个发现的声明中表示。然而，好奇号团队进行了后续的甲烷实验，实验显示其在气体中含量急剧下降。第二次检验显示其浓度降低了1ppbv。NASA表示那个数值跟好奇号一直以来检测到的本底水平很接近。甲烷气体浓度时高时低让NASA产生了更多迷惑而非更多的解答。科学家正在继续研究浓度突然上升的可能起因。“甲烷之谜继续存在，”阿什温·瓦萨瓦达称。他是位于加利福尼亚帕萨迪娜的NASA喷气推进实验室好奇号项目的科学家。“我们的积极性比以前更加高昂来保持测量并集中我们的智慧去弄清楚甲烷在火星大气中的行为。”好奇号没有仪器能确切地鉴定甲烷的来源是来自生物还是地质活动。一个重要的理论是甲烷可能是由很久以前消失的生命形式产生并从地表下释放出来的。即使火星没有活火山，科学家认为甲烷也可能由碳材料和水等物质相互作用而产生的。慢慢地对甲烷浓度有更清楚的认识“能帮助科学家确定它们在火星上的位置，”NASA表示。科学家希望随着好奇号在寻求可能存在的生命迹象中继续搜集甲烷数据来了解这个现象。第四篇NewStudyLooksIntoWhyFemalesLiveLongerThanMalesResearchersalreadyknowthatwomenlivelongerthanmeninallpartsoftheworld.Scientistshavelargelylinkedthedifferenceinlifeexpectancybetweenthesexestobiologicalsurvivalfactors.andaginginmanyspeciesofmammals.Theresearchersfoundthat,inhumans,womenlivealmost8percentlongerthanmen.Butamongwildmammals,femalesin60percentofthestudiedspecieslive,onaverage,18.6percentlonger.Thepercentagesareverydifferentfordifferentgroupsofmammals.Jean-FrançoisLemaîtreledthestudy.HeisfromtheUniversityLyon1inFrance.Heandhisresearchteamcollectedinformationonage-relateddeathsfor134groupsof101wildspeciesofmammals.Lemaîtresaid,“Itwassurprisingtoobservethatthisgendergapinlifespanoftenexceedstheoneobservedinhumansandis,atthesametime,extremelyvariableacrossspecies.”TamásSzékely,fromtheUniversityofBath,wasoneofthewritersofthestudy.HetoldVOAthatfemalelionsinthewildliveatleast50percentlongerthanmalelions.“Wepreviouslythoughtthiswasmostlyduetosexualselection,hesaid.“Howeverourdatadonotsupportthis.”Scientistssaytheriskofdeathdoesnotincreasemorequicklyinmalesthaninfemalesacrossspecies.Theysaytheremustbeother,morecomplexreasons.Theseincludethingssuchasenvironmentalconditionsinwhichtheanimalslive,sex-specificgrowth,survivalandreproductionthroughthehistoryofthespecies.Székelysuggeststhatonereasonforthedifferencesbetweenthesexesisthat“femalesurvivalincreaseswhenmalesprovidesomeoralloftheparentalcare.”Headdedthat“givingbirthandcaringforyoungbecomesasignificanthealthcostforfemalesandsothiscostisreducedifbothparentsworktogethertobringuptheiroffspring."Scientistsplantocomparethedataonwildmammalswiththedataonmammalskeptinzoos.Theywanttomeasurehowmuchbiologicaldifferencesbetweenthesexesaffectlifeexpectancy.Inzoos,animalsdonothavetofightwithpredatorsorfightforfoodandmates.Scientistshopethefindingswillgivethemabetterunderstandingofwhataffectslengthoflifeinhumans.Inthepast200years,theaveragelifeexpectancyofhumanshasmorethandoubled.Themainreasonsfortheincreaseareimprovedlivingconditionsanddevelopmentsinthefieldofmedicine.However,womencontinuetolivelongerthanmen.Thissuggestsbiologicaldifferencesalsoplayapart.TheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlsaystheaverageAmericanmanwilllivetoage76.TheaveragewomaninAmericawilllivetoage81.Womencanalsoexpecttobehealthierthanmenintheir