人教版英语初三知识点总结单元

Unit11Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroom一教学重点难点：宾语从句二重点词和短语：1.makeatelephonecall打电话2.savemoney存钱3.onthesecondfloor在二楼4.taketheescalatortothesecondfloor乘电梯去二楼5.turnright/left向右/左转【即学即用】同义句转换：Goacrossthebridge,andturnrightatthefirstturning.Goacrossthebridge,andontheright.6.gopastthebank＝passthebank/＋n.经过银行comeby＝goby（不及物）经过7.gostraightahead一直往前走gooutofthefrontdoor走出前门walkaboutthreeblocks走大约3个街区8.ontheleft/right（of）在……的左边/右边between…and…在……之间nextto在……旁边infrontof在……前面（外部）inthefrontof在……前面（内部）acrossfrom在……对面9.hangoutwithsb.和某人闲荡10.dressup穿上盛装；打扮getdressed穿衣服dressoneself给自己穿衣服dressupasclowns打扮成小丑11.both…and………与……都（两者都）12.takedancelessons上舞蹈课13.askforinformation/help寻求信息/帮助14.similarrequests同样的提问15.makerequests提出要求16.changethewaywespeak改变我们说话的方式17.dependon取决于18.leadintoaquestion引入一个问题19.besorrytodo遗憾做……20.inaway在某方面21.inorder（not）todo为了（不）做某事【即学即用】同义句转换：ShewenttoEnglandlastyearsothatshecouldlearnstandard（标准的）English.ShewenttoEnglandlastyearlearnstandardEnglish.22.languageetiquette语言礼节23.handin上交五.重点、难点、考点及疑点注释：1.Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?请问洗手间在哪里？（标题）本句是问路或问处所的常用语，通常应先说excuseme，以引起对方注意，也表示尊重对方。句子中的wheretherestroomsare是由where引导的宾语从句，它在句中作动词tell的直接宾语，是由特殊疑问句wherearetherestrooms改变语序而成。再如：Excuseme.CouldyoutellmewhereYuHongMiddleSchoolis?打扰了。请问育红中学在哪儿？知识拓展问路的表示法英语中表达问路或处所的句式有不少，下面介绍几种常用的问路的方法。试译：打扰了。请问去邮局怎么走？Excuseme.Couldyoutellmethewaytothepostoffice?Excuseme.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?Excuseme.Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?Excuseme.Couldyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?Excuseme.Whichisthewaytothepostoffice,please?Excuseme.Where’sthepostoffice,please?Excuseme.HowcanIgettothepostoffice,please?2.There’salwayssomethinghappening.总是有事情发生。本句是therebe句型的一个固定结构，即therebe＋sb./sth.＋doingsth.，意为“有……在做……”。Myfriendsaidtherewasatruckcollectingrubbishoutside.我的朋友说外面有一辆卡车正在收集垃圾。ThereisaMrWangwaitingtoseeyououtsideyouroffice.有一个姓王的人在门外等着要见你。【即学即用】Therearemanystudentsmagazinesinthereading-room.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.arereading知识拓展◎therebe＋sb./sth.＋todosth.，表示“主语将做某事”。TherewillbesomeAustralianstudentstocometoourclass.有几个澳大利亚的学生要到我们班里来。◎根据意思上的需要，可以将therebe句型中的be换成其他含有“存在”意义的不及物动词或词组。常见的这类动词（词组）有：lie,live,stand,appear,seemtobe等。例如：Therestandsabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.那座房子前有一棵大树。Thereseemstobeamisunderstandingbetweenus.我们之间好像有些误解。3.Ialsoliketolookatbooksinthebookstore.我也喜欢在书店里看书。汉语的“看书”既可表示“阅读”的意思，也可表示“翻看一下”，“随便看看”的意思。英语的表达在词语上就有所不同了。请“看”区别。Helooksatthatbook,takesitdownandreadsitcarefully.他看了看那本书，然后拿下来，认真地读了起来。looksatthatbook与readit（thebook）在内容上是完全不同的。lookatthatbook仅指“看书”，用来表示“看了看”，不是以阅读为目的；而readit（thebook）则是“读了读”书中的内容。4.GopasttheparkandturnleftontoOakStreet.走过公园，然后向左拐到橡树街。gopastthepark...是一种指路方式，gopast表示“走过”的意思，past是介词，意为“途经”，“经过”。Whenshewentpasttheparking,Marysawamanstandingatanewcar.当玛丽走过停车场时，看见一个人站在一辆新车旁。【友情链接】常见的指路表达方式有：Walkalong/downthisroad,andtakethefirstcrossingontheright.沿着这条路向前走，在第一个十字路口向右拐。Goalongthisstreet,andturnright.顺着这条路向前走，然后向右拐。Walkonandturnleft,andyouwillseethetallbuildingontheright.继续向前走，然后左拐，在右边你就会看见那栋高楼了。Goalong/downthisstreettothetrafficlights,andturnleft.沿着这条路向前走，一直到交通灯处，然后向左拐。5.…andeatatUncleBob’s.……在鲍伯叔叔的小店吃饭。当名词表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格所修饰的名词常常省去。UncleBob’s是名词“’s”所有格的一种特殊用法。在表示店铺，餐馆，某种职业，某人的家等名词的所有格后面的名词，常可以省略。如atthedoctor’s＝atthedoctor’sclinic“在大夫的诊所”；atMrGreen’s＝atMrGreen’shome“在格林先生家里”。特别提示在表示店铺、场所及姓氏的名词前，要用定冠词the，在表示称呼语的名词前，要加物主代词。atthebarber’s“在理发店”；atmyuncle’s“在我叔叔家”6.Theyhaveorganizedgamesandthestaffdressedupasclowns.他们组织游戏活动，工作人员打扮成小丑的模样。（SectionB,3a）◎dress作为及物动词，指穿衣服的动作，后面不用表示衣服的名词作宾语，但可用指人的名词或代词作宾语，表示给某人穿衣服。Shedressedherchildrenquickly.她很快给孩子们穿上衣服。◎dress的过去分词dressed与get连用表示“穿上衣服”。Let’sgetdressedandleaveatonce.咱们穿好衣服马上出发。◎dressup是“化装”，“穿上盛装”，“打扮”的意思。TheyalldressedupasPLAmen.他们都打扮成解放军的模样。Shelikestodressupforaparty.她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮去参加晚会。【即学即用】改错：Thelittleboylikestodressuphimselftoapoliceman.【析】dressup意为“穿上盛装；打扮”，可与as连用，即dressupas，“打扮成……”。因此第二个to应改为as。7.Theexpressionsyouusemightdependonwhomyouarespeakingtoorhowwellyouknowthem.你的表达方式可能取决于你和谁说话或者你跟他们的熟悉程度。句中whomyouarespeakingto和howwellyouknowthem分别是由连接代词whom和连接副词how引导的宾语从句，作dependon的宾语。又如：Oursuccessdependsonhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我们彼此合作的好坏程度。8.InEnglish,justlikeinChinese,wechangethewaywespeakwhentalkingwithdifferentpeople.用英语，就像用汉语一样，当和不同的人谈话时，谈话的方式也发生改变。当用连词引导时间状语从句时，如从句的谓语含有动词，主语又与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语和谓语动词be常常可以省略。如：Whenwaitingforthebus,Imetafriendofmine.我在等公共汽车时遇到了一个朋友。9.…“Excuseme,Iwonderifyoucanhelpme.”……“打扰了，我不知道您是否能帮帮我”。动词wonder在不同的句子结构中表达的意思不同：（1）后接“who,what,why等疑问词引导的宾语从句”，“疑问词＋不定式”时，表示“想知道”。Theteacherwonderedwhyshewaslate.老师想知道她为什么迟到。Hewonderedwhathappened.他想知道发生了什么事情。I’mjustwonderinghowtodoit.我正想知道怎么做那件事。（2）后接“that引导的宾语从句”，“不定式短语”时，表示“感到惊奇，对……感到惊讶”。Iwonderthathewasoffoffice.我对他下岗感到惊讶。Iwondertoseeherlookingsocheerful.我很惊讶地发现她如此高兴。（3）后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时，表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。Iwonderifyouwouldmindgivingmeahand.我不知道你是否能帮我一下。Shewonderedwhetheryouwerefreethatmorning.她不知道那天上午你是否有空。【即学即用】Weallhowhemadesuchgreatprogressinashorttime.A.believedB.thoughtC.decidedD.wonderedIwonderitistrueornot.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what六.语法：宾语从句闯3关宾语是句子的重要成分之一，在多数情况下，是由名词性的词类充当的。如果宾语部分是由一个句子充当的话，则被称为宾语从句。我们以前学过的间接引语实质上就是宾语从句。含宾语从句的句子是最常见的复合句之一，要想真正掌握宾语从句的用法，必须把握三个关键点：【闯关1】连接词宾语从句的连接词是有规律可循的，通常分为三种类型：★由that引导的宾语从句，无意义，只起连接作用，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略。【小试身手】改为含有宾语从句的复合句：①“Myfatherworksinabank,”ZhangHuisays.ZhangHuisayshisfatherinabank.★当从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，要用连词if或whether引导，表示选择，意为“是否”。【小试身手】改为含有宾语从句的复合句：②“Doyouhaveanyroomstorent?”sheaskedme.SheaskedmeIanyroomstorent.★由连接代词who/whom/which/what/whose或连接副词when/where/why/how引导的宾语从句，连接词在从句中都充当一定的句子成分，不可省略。【小试身手】根据汉语完成英语句子：③告诉我你是什么意思。Tellme.④出租车司机问我想去哪里。Thetaxidriveraskedmetogo.【闯关2】语序在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句必须用陈述语序。即：连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他。判断句子的正误并改正：⑤Idon’tknowwhoishetalkingto.⑥Theteacheraskedwhowasthefirsttogettothetopofthemountain.【闯关3】时态★如果主句是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据实际情况选用所需的时态。【小试身手】用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空：⑦Davidsayshe（like）Chinesefoodverymuch.⑧Iknowthatyou（have）ameetingnextweek.★如果主句是一般过去时，则宾语从句通常选用相应的过去时态。【小试身手】改为含有宾语从句的复合句：⑨“IhavebeentoBeijing,”Lucysaid.LucysaidshetoBeijing.★如果从句叙述的是永恒的真理或客观事实，从句仍用一般现在时。【小试身手】单选：⑩Ourphysicsteachertolduslightfasterthansoundlastterm.A.travelsB.travelC.traveledD.traveling参考答案：①that;works②if/whether;had③whatyoumean④whereIwanted⑤错误。ishe→heis⑥无错误。注意：当who在从句中作主语时，语序本来就是陈述语序，因此本句不必变动。⑦likes⑧willhave⑨hadbeen⑩A最后，为了帮助同学们更好的掌握宾语从句，请同学们记住下面这一口诀：学习宾从三注意，连词时态和语序。that连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要慎记。特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。三个问题需记牢，切莫丢东忘了西。【典型例题】中考聚焦考点1.between…and…Before2003,therewasnodirectairlineTaiwanandthemainland.（2006山东莱芜）A.alongB.inC.betweenD.at【要点简析】between…and…“在……和……（两者）之间”。选C。考点2.不定式作定语—Whataboutgoingswimmingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofhomework.（2005新疆课改区）A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone【要点简析】不定式作定语时常放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，和它所修饰的名词或代词存在逻辑上的动宾关系。再如：Ihavenothingimportanttotellyoutoday.今天我没什么重要的事情要告诉你。这一句子也可说成：Thereisalotofhomeworktobedone.选A。考点3.宾语从句Ididn’tunderstand.SoIraisedmyhandtoask.（2007河北邢台）A.whatmyteachersaysB.whatdoesmyteachersayC.whatmyteachersaidD.whatdidmyteachersay【要点简析】该题考查时态和语序。如果主句是一般过去时，则宾语从句通常选用相应的过去时态。排除A、B两项。宾语从句要用陈述语序。排除D项。选C。考点4.inordertoInordertheworldafriendlyplace,onemustshowafriendlyface.（2007四川乐山）A.makesB.makingC.tomakeD.make【要点简析】inorderto意思是“为了……”，后接动词原形，表示目的，其否定形式是在to前加not，即inordernotto。选C。考点5.名词所有格根据所给的汉语意思，写出单词的正确形式：Atthe（医务室）,KatewaslookedovercarefullybyMrBrown.（2007山东青岛）【要点简析】’s所属格后的名词如果指商店、家宅等地点时，该名词通常可以省略。如：atUncleBob’s在鲍勃大叔餐厅；tomyuncle’s到我叔叔家。应填：doctor’s。Unit11【模拟试题】（答题时间：90分钟）I.单项选择1.Thereisabookstorethefirstfloor.A.onB.ofC.inD.at2.—Whereareyougoing?—I’mgoingtothetobuysomemedicine.A.bookstoreB.restroomC.drugstoreD.postoffice3.Wouldyoupleasethewindow?It’scoldnow.A.openB.toopenC.closeD.toclose4.Somestudentsthinkthemallisagoodplacetoout.A.carryB.hangC.watchD.look﹡5.Thegirllivesnexttoasupermarket.It’sveryconvenient.A.rightB.torightC.onrightD.atright﹡6.—Wouldyoupleasetellmehowlongthemovie?—Abouthalfanhour.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.hadbeenon7.—DoyouknowTom’ssisterisadoctorornot?—No,Idon’tknow.A.thatB.whetherC.whereD.what﹡8.Couldyoupleasetellmegettotherailwaystation?A.wherecanIB.howcanIC.whereIcanD.howIcan9.Tomgotupearlythismorninginorderlateforschoolagain.A.tobeB.nottoC.nottobeD.to﹡10.—Shallwegonow?—Yes.Thereisabusatthegate.A.waitB.waitingC.waitedD.waits﹡11.TheboywilltellushesawandheardinAmerica.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.where12.Look!Theyarehavingfunwiththeball.A.playB.toplayC.playedD.playing13.TheyhavespentmanyhoursthroughtheHistoryA.towalkB.walkingC.towalkingD.walked14.Long,longagopeopledidn’tknowthattheeartharoundthesun.A.movesB.movedC.wasmovingD.move15.—Excuseme,couldyoupleaseshowmehowtousethisMP4player?—.A.Certainly!It’shere.B.Yes,youcanC.Sure,withpleasureD.Notatall﹡II.完形填空Museumsareoftenfullofinterestingandbeautifulthings,butinmostmuseumsyoucanonly16thethingsthere.Youcan’ttouchthem.Thisisn’tvery17formostofus.Peoplewanttotouchthings.Theywanttousethemand18them.Thisis19welearnaboutthings.Ifweareinterestedinsomething,welearnabout20.Ifweareboredwedon’tlearnverymuch.Butsomemuseumsare21.Forexample,attheBostonChildren’sMuseum,youngpeoplecanusecomputersand22modernmachines.Theycanalso23andplaygamesthere.Inthiskindofmuseum,childrencanhavea（an）24time.Theycan25alotinthemuseum.16.A.buyB.lookatC.findD.borrow17.A.sadB.interestingC.possibleD.comfortable18.A.haveB.makeC.playwithD.speakto19.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.how20.A.moredifficultlyB.moreeasilyC.moreinterestingD.moreslowly21.A.differentB.difficultC.goodD.thesame22.A.theseB.fewC.otherD.another23.A.seemoviesB.makemoviesC.listentotheradioD.watchTV24.A.boringB.ordinaryC.safeD.enjoyable25.A.speakB.wearC.eatD.learnIII.阅读理解AAgroupoffrogsweretravelingthroughthewoods,andtwoofthemfellintoadeeppit（深坑）.Alltheotherfrogsgatheredaroundthepit.Whentheysawhowdeepthepitwas,theytoldtheunfortunatefrogsthattheywouldnevergetout.Thetwofrogsdidn’tlistentothemandtriedtojumpupoutofthepit.Theotherfrogskepttellingthemtostop.Finally,oneofthefrogslistenedtowhattheotherfrogsweresayingandgaveup.Hefelldownanddied.Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould.Onceagain,thecrowdoffrogsshoutedathimtostop,buthejumpedevenharderandfinallygotout.Theotherfrogsaskedhim,“Whydidyougoonjumping?”Thefrogexplainedtothemthathewasdeaf.Hethoughttheywereencouraginghimallthetime.26.Whentwoofthefrogsfellintoadeeppit,theotherfrogs______.A.toldthemtojumpoutofthepitB.toldthemitwasimpossibletogetoutC.toldthemtokeeponjumpingD.encouragedthemtojumpoutofthepit27.Thetwofrogs______atfirst.A.acceptedtheiradviceB.gaveupjumpingupoutofthepitC.stillkeptjumpingD.arguedwiththeothers28.Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Thetwofrogsgotoutofthepitatlast.B.Thetwofrogsdidastheotherstoldthemtodo.C.Onestoppedjumpinganddied,andtheothersucceededatlast.D.Onefelldownanddied,andsodidtheother.29.Thefrogthatwassafeatlastwas______.A.deafB.foolishC.boringD.blind30.Thestorytoldus______.A.thefrogcouldjumpoutofthepitbecausetheotherfrogsencouragedittodosoB.weshouldn’tgiveamananyadvicewhenheisdoingsomethingC.weshouldlistentootherpeople’sadvicewhateverwedoD.wordscouldencourageamantoovercome（战胜）anydifficulties,buttheycouldalsomakeamanlosehearttowinBMrGreenandMrsKingworkedinthesameoffice.MrGreenworkedhardandwaspaidmore.Hecaredaboutnothingexcepttheprices.Everyafternoon,assoonashelefttheoffice,heboughtsomenewspapersfirst.Hereadonlythepricescarefully.Thenhewalkedhome.Ofcourse,onhisway,healwayswenttotheshopswherethecheapestthingsweresoldandchosesomethinguseful.Andhewasoftentiredwhenhegothome.Hisfatwifethenusuallypraisedhim.Whenhewashappy,hiswifetoldhimtodosomehousework.ThenextmorningthemanalwaystoldMrsKinghowhiswifepraisedhim.OnemorningMrGreencameintotheofficewithanewspaper.Pointingtoapieceofnews,hesaidtoMrsKing,“Look!Thepriceofpetrolhasgoneupagain!”“Whatareyouworriedabout,MrGreen?”saidMrsKing.“Youhavenocarandyou’venevertakenabus!”“ButIhavegotalighter（打火机）,youknow!”31.MrsKingwasMrGreen’s______.A.wifeB.daughterC.classmateD.workmate32.EveryafternoonMrGreenboughtnewspapersto______.A.readsomeinterestingstoriesB.seethepricesC.knowtheresultsofthematchesD.readsomethingabouthiswork33.MrGreenwenthome______everyday.A.bybusB.bycarC.onfootD.bytrain34.MrsGreenpraisedherhusbandbecause______.A.hewashappytodosomehouseworkB.hegothomeontimeC.heboughtsomethingbothcheapandusefulD.hewaspaidmore35.Thatmorning______madeMrGreenworried.A.thenewspaperB.thepriceofthenewspaperC.hislighterD.thepriceofpetrol﹡CLightreflectingYoucannotseeanyobjectunlesslightfromthatobjectgetsintoyoureyes.Someofthethingsyouseegiveofflightoftheirown.Thesun,thestars,alightedlamparetheexamplesthatcanbeseenbytheirownlight.Suchthingsareluminous,mostofthethingsyouseearenotgivingofflightoftheirown.Theyaresimplyreflectinglightthatfallsonthemfromthesunorsomeotherluminousbody.Themoon,forexample,doesn’tgiveoffanylightofitsown.Itisnonluminous.Youseeitbecausesunlightfallsonitandsomeofitreflectsinourdirection.Somoonlightisonlysecond-handsunlight.Whenyoulookatabook,itsendssomeofthelightwhichfallsonittoyoureyes,andyouseethebook.Iflightcouldbekeptoutfromwhereyouaresothattherewouldbenolightfromthebooktoreflect,thenyoucouldnotseethebookevenwithyoureyeswideopen.Lighttravelssofastthatthetimeinwhichittravelsfromthebookyouarereadingtoyoureyesisasshortasiftherewerenotimeatall.Lightreachesusfromthemoon,whichisabout380,000kilometersaway,inonlyalittlemorethanasecond.36.Youcanseethebookbecause.A.youreyesareclosetoitB.itreflectssomeofthelightC.ithaslightofitsownD.youreyesightcangettoit37.Theunderlinedword“luminous”means“”.A.can’tbeseenB.canbeseenC.givingofflightD.notlikesunlight38.havelightoftheirown.A.ThesunandthemoonB.ThestarsandtheearthC.ThesunandthestarsD.Themoonandtheearth39.Lighttravelsaboutkilometerspersecond.A.380,000B.100,000C.400,000D.190,00040.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Allthethingsyoucanseegiveofflight.B.Lightfromthebookismuchshorterthanthatfromthemoon.C.Themomentyouopenyoureyes,thelightfromthebooktravelstoyoureyes.D.Lighttravelssofastthatthereisnotimeforyoutoread.IV.补全对话：A:Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellmewherethenearestmuseumis?B:Well,it’sabitfar.Youcangoalongthestreet,thentakethefirstturningontheright,walkonandyou’llfindonethere.41A:Oh,thanks.42B:Itshouldbeopennow.Itopensat8:00am.A:Good.43B:Whichbus?Idon’tknow.Youmayaskthepolicemanoverthere.44A:OK.Bytheway,where’sthenearestMcDonald’s,doyouknow?B:Rightbehindyou.Seethatsign.A:Oh,thanksalot.B:45A.AndcanyoutellmewhichbusIshouldtake?B.Doyouknowatwhattimeitopens?C.Hemustknowthat.D.You’rewelcome.E.What’swrongwithyou?F.Youcan’tmissit.G.Letmehelpyou.V.用方框内所给动词短语的正确形式填空。dependon,dressup,handin,hangout,makeaphonecall46.Youdonotneedtofordinner.47.Iusedtointhesupermarkets.48.Ifyouhavesometrouble,pleasetome.﹡49.Howmuchitcostshowmuchyoubuy.50.Myadvicetoanyonewhofindsanythingon