Unit 3 The world of science Developing ideas - Presenting ideas 课时作业- 高中英语外研版（2019）必修第三册

Unit3TheworldofscienceDevelopingideas&Presentingideas基础知识过关Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Ifanyonethinkshecan(起草)thecontractmoresimply,Iadvisehimtotry.

2.Asisknowntoall,water(传导)heatfasterthanair.

3.Wemustcarrythe(实验)throughtotheend,notgivingituphalfway.

4.Madeof(金属),thestatueweighsupto225tonsandmeasures46metershigh.

5.ProfessorLiwillinformyouofthedetailed(步骤)fordoingtheexperiment.

6.Thestonerolleddownthemountaindueto(重力).

Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空apartfrom;takeplace;drawaconclusion;comeupwith;diefrom1.It'sbelievedthatthemanagerisabletonewwaystosolvethedifficultproblem.

2.TheconcertnextSaturday;wouldyouliketogowithme?

3.Mostpandababiesillnessesanddonotliveverylong.

4.readingforknowledge,wereadforfunandinspiration.

5.There'snosenseinwithoutenoughevidence.

Ⅲ.单句语法填空1.Agoodideaflashedmymindthatwecanmakegooduseofusedmaterials.

2.Thescientistdevotedhimself(entire)tohisresearch.

3.Thereisnodoubtthatweshouldattachgreatimportanceenvironmentalproblems.

4.Itissaidthatbodylanguageaccounts55percentofafirstimpressionwhilewhatyousayjust7percent.

5.Moststudentsinourclassgoinforallkindsof(science)activities.

6.Thereisno(prove)thatitwasthemanwhostolethemoneylastnight.

7.Afterthreeweeks'discussion,theywillsignthe(declare)tomorrow.

8.Thejobmarkethaschangedandourapproachesto(find)workmustchangeaswell.

Ⅳ.分析所给句子中画线部分的结构,并根据汉语意思进行仿写。1.Thewell-knownstoryisthattheAmericanFoundingFatherandscientistflewakiteduringastormin1752.弹吉他的一个好处是它能给你带来很多快乐。

2.However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.李华和王伟明天都不去那里。

3.AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin'sexperimenttookplace,morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.尽管我的车很旧,但我不想买新车。

4.ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.

如果你认真听课的话,你就能回答老师的问题了。

Ⅴ.课文语法填空BenjaminFranklinwasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStates.Apart1beingasuccessfulstatesman,hewasalsoa2(create)scientistandinventor.

BenjaminFranklin3(fly)akiteduringastormin1752.Heraisedthekitewithapieceofstring4(tie)toit.Ametalkeywasattachedtothestring.Aflashoflightninghitthekite,andelectricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekey.Franklinthentouchedthekeyandgot5electricshock.

Generationsofschoolchildrenhavebeenamazedbyhis6(brave)andhisscientificapproachto7(look)forthetruth.However,newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadofafact.Morethanonescientisthasquestioned8reallyhappened.TheyallagreethatifFranklinhad9(actual)touchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.

Inscience,factsshould10(prove)byexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory.

.5.

.10.

能力提升训练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2021黑龙江鹤岗一中高一下期中)Inventor,physicist,surveyor,astronomer,biologist,artist...RobertHookewasalltheseandmore.Somesayhewasthemostextraordinaryexperimentalscientistofthe17thcentury.Inthecourseofhiswork,hecooperatedwithfamousmenofsciencelikeIsaacNewton,andthegreatarchitectChristopherWren.Hooke'searlyeducationbeganathome,undertheguidanceofhisfather.HeenteredtheWestminsterSchoolattheageof13,andfromtherewenttoOxford,wherehecameincontactwithsomeofthebestscientistsinEngland.Hookeimpressedthemwithhisskillsatdesigningexperimentsandinventinginstruments.In1662,attheageof28,hewasnamedCuratorofExperimentsatthenewlyformedRoyalSocietyofLondon—meaningthathewasresponsiblefordemonstrating(展示)newexperimentsatthesociety'sweeklymeeting.Hookeacceptedthejob,eventhoughheknewthatthesocietyhadnomoneytopayhim!Watchinglivingthingsthroughamicroscopewasoneofhisfavouritepastimes.Heinventedacompoundmicroscopeforthispurpose.Onedaywhileobservingacork(软木塞)underamicroscope,hesawhoneycomb-likestructures.Therewerecells—thesmallestunitoflife.Infact,itwasHookewhoinventedtheterm“cell”asthebox-likecellsofthecorkremindedhimofthecellsofamonastery(修道院).AnotherachievementofHooke'sishisbookMicrographia,whichintroducestheenormouspotentialofthemicroscope.Itcontainsfascinatingdrawingsofthethingshesawunderthemicroscope.Thebookalsoincludes,amongotherthings,ideasofgravity,lightandcombustion(燃烧)thatmayhavehelpedscientistslikeNewtonwhentheyweredevelopingtheirowntheoreticalframeworksofthesephenomena.Hookemadeavaluablecontributiontoastronomytoo.Acrateronthemoonisnamedafterhiminhonourofhisservicetothisbranchofscience.1.WhydidHookeacceptthejobasCuratorofExperiments?A.Helikeddesigningexperiments.B.Hisfamilyneededhissupport.C.Hisparentscouldn'taffordhiseducation.D.Hewantedtopleasesomefamousscientists.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pastimes”inParagraph3mean?A.Jobs.B.Experiments.C.Hobbies.D.Structures.3.WhatcanweknowaboutHooke?A.HewenttoOxfordin1645.B.HewaswellpaidattheRoyalSocietyofLondon.C.Hemadeacontributiontomedicine.D.HisbookMicrographiamayhavehelpedNewton.4.WhichwordcanbeusedtodescribeHooke?A.Honest.B.Creative.C.Reliable.D.Modest.Ⅱ.七选五HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience,youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview,youhavetocombineintelligencewithawillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourforwardpath.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.1

Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyou.It'slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin,itwillgiveyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn'tsimplytowin;it'stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.2.

TakerisksTomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.3.Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.

NeverdoanythingthatboresyouMyexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings,andthenleavesyoualone.I'mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.4.

It'sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon'twanttobewithotherscientists,becauseyouhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyouspotkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemobjectionable.Somyfinalruleis:5.

A.MeetchallengeswithgreatcourageB.Ifyoucan'tstandbeingwithyourrealpeers,getoutofscienceC.Putanotherway,it'stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontopD.BesureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmessE.AvoidfoolishpeopleF.Infact,IfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlikeG.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.5.

Ⅲ.概要写作阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Teenagers'fitnessisnowamajorconcernandphysicalexerciseisveryimportant.Itreducesstressandimprovesfitness.Exercisemakesyourbodystrongandhelpsyoutokeeptherightbodyweight.Sportsscientistsofferthefollowingadvicetoteenagers.First,findoutyourpresentleveloffitness.Thenyoucandesignaprogrammethatwillhelpyoubecomehealthier.Therearethreelevelsoffitnessthatmayneedachangeoflifestyle.“Overweight”meansthatthepersongetsverylittleexerciseandoftenhasaseriousweightproblem.“Inactive”meansthatthepersondoesnotjoininmanyphysicalactivities,butisnotseriouslyoverweight.“Active”referstopeoplewhotakepartinsportsandotherphysicalactivities,butdonothaveahighfitnesslevel.Accordingtoexperts,overweightteenagersshouldworkouttokeephealthy.Rideabike,playvolleyballorbasketballforawhile,andgoforatwenty-minutewalkeachday.Allthesewillhelptoburncalories.Inactiveteenagersshoulddosimilaractivities,butaddsomebendingandstretchingexercises,suchaspush-upsandsit-ups,startingwithtwentyofeachday.Inactivepeoplecantakealittlemoreexercisethanoverweightpeoplebecausetheirbodiesarestronger.Thesameruleisalsosuitableforactiveteenagers.Expertsalsosuggestonehouraweekormoreofrunningandotherformsofintensiveexercise,togetherwithfifteenminutesadayspentonstretchingandbendingactivities.Theyarereallyimportantandcanpreventinjuries.Someweighttrainingandotherbody-strengtheningexercisecouldalsobeplannedintheprogrammeinordertoincreasetheperson'sstrength.

参考答案与解析基础知识过关Ⅰ.1.cedure6.gravityⅡ.1.comeupwith2.willtakeplace3.diefrom4.Apartfrom5.drawingaconclusionⅢ.1.into考查介词。句意:我想到了一个好主意,那就是我们可以好好利用旧材料。flashintoone'smind某人突然想到。2.entirely考查词性转换。句意:这位科学家全身心投入到他的研究中。此处修饰动词devoted应用副词形式。3.to考查介词。句意:毫无疑问,我们应该高度重视环境问题。attachimportanceto重视。4.for考查固定搭配。句意:据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%,而你说的话只占7%。accountfor占……(比例)。5.scientific考查词性转换。句意:我们班上大多数学生喜欢参加各种各样的科学活动。用形容词作定语修饰名词activities。scientific意为“科学的”。6.proof考查词性转换。句意:没有证据证明就是那个人昨晚偷钱了。分析句子结构可知,此处应用名词形式。7.declaration考查词性转换。句意:经过三个星期的讨论,他们将于明天签署公告。定冠词the后应用名词形式。8.finding考查非谓语动词。句意:工作市场已经改变了,我们找工作的方法也必须改变。approaches后的to为介词,所以答案为finding。Ⅳ.1.Oneadvantageofplayingtheguitaristhatitcangiveyouagreatdealofpleasure.2.NeitherLiHuanorWangWeiisgoingtheretomorrow.3.Althoughmycarisveryold,Idon'twanttobuyanewone.4.Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteachercarefully,youcouldhaveansweredtheteacher'squestion.Ⅴ.1.from考查介词。句意:除了是一位成功的政治家,他还是一个有创造性的科学家和发明家。apartfrom除了……外。2.creative考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词作定语。creative有创造力的。3.flew考查动词的时态。根据in1752可知,此处应用一般过去时。4.tied考查with的复合结构。string与tie是被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾补。5.an考查冠词。electricshock触电,是可数名词,且electric以元音音素开头,故填an。6.bravery考查名词。形容词性物主代词his后跟名词形式。bravery意为“勇敢”。7.looking考查非谓语动词。approach后的to为介词,所以答案为looking。8.what考查宾语从句的连接词。分析句子成分可知8reallyhappened为宾语从句,从句缺少主语,故答案为what。

9.actually考查副词。修饰动词用副词。10.beproved考查被动语态。facts和prove之间为被动关系,所以此处应用被动语态。能力提升训练Ⅰ.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了英国伟大的科学家、细胞的发现者罗伯特·胡克。1.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的Hookeimpressedthemwithhisskillsatdesigningexperimentsandinventinginstruments.可知,胡克在设计实验和发明仪器方面非常优秀,由此推断他接受这个工作的原因是他喜欢设计实验。而B、C、D选项都属于“无中生有”,文中没有涉及这些内容。故选A。2.C词义猜测题。根据上文胡克对实验的喜欢以及第三段他为了观察生物而发明一种复式显微镜可知,用显微镜观察生物是他最喜欢做的事情,由此推断“pastime”的意思是“爱好”。A项意为“工作”;B项意为“实验”;D项意为“结构”。故选C。3.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的Thebook...thatmayhavehelpedscientistslikeNewtonwhentheyweredevelopingtheirowntheoreticalframeworksofthesephenomena.可知,书中的一些观点可能对像牛顿这样的科学家发展自己的理论框架有所帮助,由此可知胡克的《显微术》这本书可能对牛顿有帮助。由第二段内容可知,1662年胡克28岁,他是在13岁进入WestminsterSchool,然后上的牛津大学,他13岁时是1647年,所以上牛津大学的时间不可能是1645年,所以A项错误。B选项“他在英国皇家学会薪水很高”和文中第二段最后一句中的eventhoughheknewthatthesocietyhadnomoneytopayhim相悖。全文没有提及他对医学方面的贡献,故C选项“他对医学做出了贡献”内容错误。故选D。4.B推理判断题。文章介绍了胡克的很多成就,而且他喜欢做实验,也发明了很多仪器,由此推断他是富有创造性的。而其他三个选项(A项“诚实的”;C项“可信赖的”;D项“谦虚的”)所说的品质在文中没有体现。故选B。Ⅱ.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在科学上取得成功。1.E根据标题后内容可知,作者认为只有和比自己聪明的人在一起才能学到东西,所以建议避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故选E。2.C根据设空处前一句话可知,作者认为在科学或生活的游戏中,最高的目标不仅仅是获胜,而是成功地做好一些非常困难的事情。换句话说,要通过克服困难来超越自我,使自己名列前茅。C选项是对前一句话的进一步解释。3.G根据设空处前文可知,作者认为如果想取得很大的成功,科学家必须准备好陷入很深的困境中。如果你要在科学上有一个巨大的飞跃,你很可能没有资格获得成功。此外,甚至也要准备好怀疑你心中的科学英雄,也就是要勇于怀疑权威。G选项