外研版必修三module5Grammar课件

定语从句TheAttributiveClause定语从句TheAttributiveClause1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词3.关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词Who,whom,whose,which,thatWhen,where,why在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作状语1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.句子主干：定语从句：先行词：关系代词：Adictionaryisabook.whichgivesthemeaningofwords.bookwhichAdictionaryisabookwhichg4.分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略引导词：as,who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略4.分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是限制性定语从句举例：1.TheteachertoldmethatTom

wastheonlypersonthatIcould

dependon.

2.Chinaisacountrythathasa

longhistory.

3.InthestreetIsawamanwho

wasfromAfrica.

限制性定语从句举例：非限制性定语从句举例：1.Hismother,wholoveshimvery

much,isstrictwithhim.

2.China,whichwasfoundedin

1949,isbecomingmoreand

morepowerful.

3.LastsummerIvisitedthe

People’sGreatHall,inwhich

manyimportantmeetingsare

heldeveryyear.

非限制性定语从句举例：1.

Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

2.

Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.

Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.

（她还有其他哥哥。）（她只有一个哥哥。）（带插图的书写得好。）（所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图）1.

Herbrotherwhoisnowas指代内容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语,宾语作宾语可省which物主语,宾语作宾语可省who人主语,宾语作宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose(人/物)的定语不可省关系代词的用法指代内容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语,宾语作宾语可省1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.ThemanwhoIsawiscalledTom.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Thebo3.whose

在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与

ofwhich互换使用。1.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoveris

blue?

=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhich

isblue?

=Doyoulikethebookofwhichthecover

isblue?3.whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系Doyouknowthegirlwhose

hairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass.Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.Heisthestudentwhose

pencilIbrokeyesterday.DoyouknowthegirlwhosehaiWefoundahouseofwhichtheroofhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousetheroofofwhichhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousewhoseroofhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahouseofwhichthe4．which

指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。1.Footballisagamewhichislikedby

mostboys.

2.Helikestoreadbookswhichare

writtenbyforeignwriters.

3.Thisisthepen(which)hebought

yesterday.

4.Thefilm(which)theywenttosee

lastnightwasnotinterestingatall.

4．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可5.that

指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsaw

thismorning?

2.Thepersonthat/whomyou

introducedtomeisverykind.

3.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafter

springissummer.

4.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/

whichcamefromAustralia.

5.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?

Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.

(1)限制性定语从句中先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)(2)Therebe

句型中用that。There

is

a

book

on

the

desk

that

belongs

to

Tom.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列Thisisthefirst

book(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime

(that)IaminBeijing.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰(4)当主句是who/which做主语的疑问句时

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Who

thatbrokethewindowwillbe

punished.WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Thisisthefirstbook(that)(5)当先行词既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings

thattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkey

thatarewalkingupthestreet.I’vereadallthebooksthat

arenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,few,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,right等修饰。(5)当先行词既有人又有物。I’vereadallth(1)紧跟介词作宾语Thosearemanytreesunder

whichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中

Football,

whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.Thetree,whichis400yearsold,isveryfamoushere.在下列情况下,一般用which而不用that。(1)紧跟介词作宾语在下列情况下,一般用which而不用tas和which

引导非限制性定语从句的区别which引导的从句只能放在主句之后；

as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”或“andthat”.译为“这一点”。

as只能代指整个主句的内容。常带有“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构。

asisknown,asisreported,asissaid,

asisexpected,asweknow,etc.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别which引导1.Einstein,asisknown,isafamous

scientist.2.Asisreported,Chinahasbecome

animportantcountryintheworld.3.TaiwanbelongstoChina,asis

knowntoall.4.Bambooishollow,whichmakesit

verylight.5.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,

whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.6.Hedidn’tcometoattendthemeeting,

asisexpected.1.Einstein,asisknown,isa3.as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须

是系动词；而which则不一定。

Heisverystrict,asisshowninhis

work.Themanisverylearned,asis

describedinthebook.4.先行词前有thesame,such限定时，关

系词只能用as.Ihavethesameopinionasyou(have).Don’treadsuchbooksasarebeyond

yourability.3.as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须

是系动词5.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as,反之用whichShemarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.当先行词受thesame修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。

Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.

5.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as,反之用which当先行关系副词的用法指代内容所做成分是否可省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否关系副词的用法指代内容所做成分是否可省略when时间状语否wI’llneverforgettheday

when

Ijoinedtheleague.onwhichI’llneverforgetthetimewhich/thatwasspentwithyou.when

在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于介词(at/in/during/on)+which若定语从句缺主语或宾语，需用which或that引导定语从句。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichThelibrary(which/that)youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词往往是表示地点的名词。相当于

“介词(in/at/on/under…)+which”。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。ThisisthehousewhereIlivewhere

引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance,等先行词。Therearecases

wherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethiswordcanbeused?where引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,conditDoyouknowthereasonwhyshewas

late.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

why在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于reason之后，相当于for

which。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshethereasonwhy…isthat…

……的原因是……他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。Thereasonwhyheresignedwasthathequarreledwithhisboss.Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.thereasonwhy…isthat…

……的原在thereasonwhy…结构中，why引导定语从句，它也可以换为forwhich或者省略。在从句中作原因状语。如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。Icanacceptthereason(that/which)hegives.Hegaveareasonthat/whichsurprisedme.3.the

reasonisthat…结构中，只能用that

引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用

because。在thereasonwhy…结构中，why引导定语从(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.Iknowthemantowhomhespokejustnow.forTheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.6.在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中如何判断介词注意:动词短语不能拆开即介词不提前(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配Thisisthe(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配。

Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.HegivesalectureofwhichIamtired.(3)根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配。

Thisisourclassroom,____________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.Thereisatableintheroomon/under

whichisacat.withinthefrontof(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配。

Hereferr(4)看介词与宾语的搭配，看先行词前需要什么介词。Thisisthehouseinwhichtheoldladyoncelived.Wewenttothestationatwhichwemetlasttime.(5)将定语从句还原，也就是将引导词换成先行词来判断介词。HementionedabookofwhichthetitleIcan’tremember.Hestoodnearthewindowthroughwhichhecouldseethesmallriver.(4)看介词与宾语的搭配，看先行词前需要什么介词。This321.Thisisthecar__whichIboughtlastyear.2.Thisisthecar____whichIpaid100$.3.Thisisthecar____whichIspent100$.4.Thisisthecar____whichIgotoworkeveryday.5.Thisisthecar_________whichIcan’tgotowork./foronbywithoutCompletethefollowingsetences1.Thisisthecar__whichIbo33byataboutof6.Thisisthecar____whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown7.Thisisthecar____whichaboythrewastone.8.Thisisthecar_________whichwetalked.9.Thisisthecar____whichthewindowwasbroken.byataboutof6.Thisisthecar34【例1】

Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,______hasagreateffectonmylife.

［1994·上海］

A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who【解析】本题的第一个空格处应填入表示时间的关系副词when，在从句中作状语。答案：B。

【例1】【解析】【例2】

CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,____personallyIdoubtverymuch.［1999全国］A.itB.thatC.whenD.which【解析】“我个人所怀疑的”是“到十月份这工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是October,而是前面整个主句的内容。答案：D。【例2】

Carolsaidtheworkwou【例3】Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.

［2001·春］

A.heB.thisC.whichD.who【解析】“John说他在办公室工作一个小时了，这件事情是真的”所以要用关系代词which指代这件事情并引导非限制性定语从句。答案：C。【例3】【解析】【例4】Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。【例4】答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而【例5】Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。【例5】答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，【例6】TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear‘spartywasagreatsuccess.（2004年全国卷23题）

A.forwhich B.atwhich

C.inwhich D.onwhich本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过拆分我们可以得MystudentsactedintheEnglishplayattheNewYear‘sparty.,所以答案为C。【例6】本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过【例7】______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.（2004年北京卷34题）A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What【例8】Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004年湖南卷23题)A.howB.whichC.whereD.that【例7】例9.Isthismuseum___youvisiteda

fewdaysago.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone变为肯定句：Thismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.在该句中，主句中所缺部分为表语，从句中缺少宾语。只有theone既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，相当于：theonethat所以应选D。例9.Isthismuseum___youvisIsthisthemuseum____theexhibition

washeld.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich D.theone变为肯定句：

Thisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.主句中,主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因inthemuseum词组，可用介词in+which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。Isthisthemuseum____the例10.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,____thesailingtimewas226days.(04NMET)A.ofwhich B.duringwhich

C.Fromwhich D.forwhichA关系代词which指代thejourney,定语从句恢复为独立句子应该是：Thesailingtimeofthejourneywas226days.例10.A关系代词which指代thejourney1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighly

ofherroleintheplay,

,ofcourse,

madethe

othersunhappy.

A.which B.who C.his D.what

2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshe

returnedtothesmalltown

he

grewupasachild.

A.which B.when C.that D.where

3.Thegentleman

youtoldme

yesterdayprovedtobeathief.

A.who B.aboutwhomC.whom D.withwhom1.Dorothywasalwaysspeaking4.Pleasetakeanyseat

isfree.

A.which B.whereC.inwhich D.that

5.Theoldmanhastwosons,

isa

soldier.

A.oneofwhom B.bothofthemC.allofwhom D.noneofthem

6.Thisistheship

wecrossedthe

Pacific(太平洋).

A.bywhich B.bythatC.where D.inwhich4.Pleasetakeanyseat

7.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-

scrapers(摩天大楼),

hasmore

than100storeys.

A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhich8.Myhomevillageisnolongerthe

same

itusedtobe.

A.which B.as C.where D.when7.NewYorkisfamousforits9.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetime

untilafter5:30p.m.,

manypeople

havegonehome.

A.whosetime

B.that

C.atwhich

D.bywhichtime

10.Theboy

compositionwonthe

firstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.

A.who B.whoseC.that D.which

11.Theweatherturnedouttobevery

good,

wasmorethanwecould

expect.

A.whatB.which

C.that

D.it9.IntheofficeIneverseem12.Mr.Wangisaboss,

factoryLi

Pingworked.

A.inwhose

B.whoseC.inwhom

D.ofwhich

13.Idon'tliketheway

youspeakto

her.

A./

B.thatC.inwhichD.AllA,B,C

14.Ishallneverforgettheyears____I

livedinthecountrywiththefarmers,

___hasagoodeffectonmylife.

A.that,which

B.when,whichC.which,that

D.when,who12.Mr.Wangisaboss,

15.___

isknowntoall,Chinawillbean

advancedandpowerfulcountryin

20or30year’stime.

A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.It

16.Isthisbook___

youwanttoborrow

fromthelibrary?

A.that

B.whichC.theoneD./

17.Suchabook___

youshowedmeis

difficulttounderstand.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.like15.___

isknowntoall,China18.Thespeakerspokeofsomewriters

andsomebooks___werepopular

then.

A./

B.thatC.whichD.who

19.Thisisthestore

wevisitedthe

famousshopassistants.

A.whereB.thereC.that

D.which

20.I’mgoingtospendmyholidayin

Beijing,

livemyoldparents.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.there18.Thespeakerspokeofsome定语从句TheAttributiveClause定语从句TheAttributiveClause1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词3.关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词Who,whom,whose,which,thatWhen,where,why在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作状语1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.句子主干：定语从句：先行词：关系代词：Adictionaryisabook.whichgivesthemeaningofwords.bookwhichAdictionaryisabookwhichg4.分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略引导词：as,who,whom,whose,which,ofwhich,when,where等，不用that或why,不能省略4.分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是限制性定语从句举例：1.TheteachertoldmethatTom

wastheonlypersonthatIcould

dependon.

2.Chinaisacountrythathasa

longhistory.

3.InthestreetIsawamanwho

wasfromAfrica.

限制性定语从句举例：非限制性定语从句举例：1.Hismother,wholoveshimvery

much,isstrictwithhim.

2.China,whichwasfoundedin

1949,isbecomingmoreand

morepowerful.

3.LastsummerIvisitedthe

People’sGreatHall,inwhich

manyimportantmeetingsare

heldeveryyear.

非限制性定语从句举例：1.

Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

2.

Allthebooksthathavepicturesinthemarewellwritten.

Allthebooks,whichhavepicturesinthem,arewellwritten.

（她还有其他哥哥。）（她只有一个哥哥。）（带插图的书写得好。）（所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图）1.

Herbrotherwhoisnowas指代内容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语,宾语作宾语可省which物主语,宾语作宾语可省who人主语,宾语作宾语可省whom人宾语可省whose(人/物)的定语不可省关系代词的用法指代内容所做成分是否可省略that人；物主语,宾语作宾语可省1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.ThemanwhoIsawiscalledTom.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Thebo3.whose

在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与

ofwhich互换使用。1.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoveris

blue?

=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhich

isblue?

=Doyoulikethebookofwhichthecover

isblue?3.whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系Doyouknowthegirlwhose

hairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass.Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.Heisthestudentwhose

pencilIbrokeyesterday.DoyouknowthegirlwhosehaiWefoundahouseofwhichtheroofhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousetheroofofwhichhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahousewhoseroofhadbeendamaged.Wefoundahouseofwhichthe4．which

指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。1.Footballisagamewhichislikedby

mostboys.

2.Helikestoreadbookswhichare

writtenbyforeignwriters.

3.Thisisthepen(which)hebought

yesterday.

4.Thefilm(which)theywenttosee

lastnightwasnotinterestingatall.

4．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可5.that

指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1.Whereisthemanthat/whomIsaw

thismorning?

2.Thepersonthat/whomyou

introducedtomeisverykind.

3.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafter

springissummer.

4.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/

whichcamefromAustralia.

5.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?

Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.

(1)限制性定语从句中先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)(2)Therebe

句型中用that。There

is

a

book

on

the

desk

that

belongs

to

Tom.that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列Thisisthefirst

book(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime

(that)IaminBeijing.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰(4)当主句是who/which做主语的疑问句时

Whoisthegirl

thatdrovethecar?Who

thatbrokethewindowwillbe

punished.WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?Thisisthefirstbook(that)(5)当先行词既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthings

thattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkey

thatarewalkingupthestreet.I’vereadallthebooksthat

arenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(6)先行词被all,every,no,some,few,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,right等修饰。(5)当先行词既有人又有物。I’vereadallth(1)紧跟介词作宾语Thosearemanytreesunder

whichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中

Football,

whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.Thetree,whichis400yearsold,isveryfamoushere.在下列情况下,一般用which而不用that。(1)紧跟介词作宾语在下列情况下,一般用which而不用tas和which

引导非限制性定语从句的区别which引导的从句只能放在主句之后；

as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“andthis”或“andthat”.译为“这一点”。

as只能代指整个主句的内容。常带有“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构。

asisknown,asisreported,asissaid,

asisexpected,asweknow,etc.as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别which引导1.Einstein,asisknown,isafamous

scientist.2.Asisreported,Chinahasbecome

animportantcountryintheworld.3.TaiwanbelongstoChina,asis

knowntoall.4.Bambooishollow,whichmakesit

verylight.5.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,

whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.6.Hedidn’tcometoattendthemeeting,

asisexpected.1.Einstein,asisknown,isa3.as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须

是系动词；而which则不一定。

Heisverystrict,asisshowninhis

work.Themanisverylearned,asis

describedinthebook.4.先行词前有thesame,such限定时，关

系词只能用as.Ihavethesameopinionasyou(have).Don’treadsuchbooksasarebeyond

yourability.3.as在从句中作主语，从句中的谓语必须

是系动词5.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as,反之用whichShemarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.当先行词受thesame修饰时，有时也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。

Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.

5.当从句和主句语义一致时，用as,反之用which当先行关系副词的用法指代内容所做成分是否可省略when时间状语否where地点状语否why原因状语否关系副词的用法指代内容所做成分是否可省略when时间状语否wI’llneverforgettheday

when

Ijoinedtheleague.onwhichI’llneverforgetthetimewhich/thatwasspentwithyou.when

在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于介词(at/in/during/on)+which若定语从句缺主语或宾语，需用which或that引导定语从句。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichThelibrary(which/that)youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词往往是表示地点的名词。相当于

“介词(in/at/on/under…)+which”。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。ThisisthehousewhereIlivewhere

引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,condition,situation,instance,等先行词。Therearecases

wherethisruledoesnotholdgood.Canyouthinkofasituation

wherethiswordcanbeused?where引导的定语从句也可以修饰case,conditDoyouknowthereasonwhyshewas

late.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

why在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于reason之后，相当于for

which。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshethereasonwhy…isthat…

……的原因是……他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。Thereasonwhyheresignedwasthathequarreledwithhisboss.Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.thereasonwhy…isthat…

……的原在thereasonwhy…结构中，why引导定语从句，它也可以换为forwhich或者省略。在从句中作原因状语。如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。Icanacceptthereason(that/which)hegives.Hegaveareasonthat/whichsurprisedme.3.the

reasonisthat…结构中，只能用that

引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用

because。在thereasonwhy…结构中，why引导定语从(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配Thisisthebook___whichyouasked.Iknowthemantowhomhespokejustnow.forTheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.6.在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中如何判断介词注意:动词短语不能拆开即介词不提前(1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配Thisisthe(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配。

Hereferredmetosomereferencebooks____whichIamnotveryfamiliar.HegivesalectureofwhichIamtired.(3)根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配。

Thisisourclassroom,____________whichthereisateacher’sdesk.Thereisatableintheroomon/under

whichisacat.withinthefrontof(2)看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配。

Hereferr(4)看介词与宾语的搭配，看先行词前需要什么介词。Thisisthehouseinwhichtheoldladyoncelived.Wewenttothestationatwhichwemetlasttime.(5)将定语从句还原，也就是将引导词换成先行词来判断介词。HementionedabookofwhichthetitleIcan’tremember.Hestoodnearthewindowthroughwhichhecouldseethesmallriver.(4)看介词与宾语的搭配，看先行词前需要什么介词。This831.Thisisthecar__whichIboughtlastyear.2.Thisisthecar____whichIpaid100$.3.Thisisthecar____whichIspent100$.4.Thisisthecar____whichIgotoworkeveryday.5.Thisisthecar_________whichIcan’tgotowork./foronbywithoutCompletethefollowingsetences1.Thisisthecar__whichIbo84byataboutof6.Thisisthecar____whichtheoldmanwasknockeddown7.Thisisthecar____whichaboythrewastone.8.Thisisthecar_________whichwetalked.9.Thisisthecar____whichthewindowwasbroken.byataboutof6.Thisisthecar85【例1】

Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,______hasagreateffectonmylife.

［1994·上海］

A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who【解析】本题的第一个空格处应填入表示时间的关系副词when，在从句中作状语。答案：B。

【例1】【解析】【例2】

CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,____personallyIdoubtverymuch.［1999全国］A.itB.thatC.whenD.which【解析】“我个人所怀疑的”是“到十月份这工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是October,而是前面整个主句的内容。答案：D。【例2】

Carolsaidtheworkwou【例3】Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.

［2001·春］

A.heB.thisC.whichD.who【解析】“John说他在办公室工作一个小时了，这件事情是真的”所以要用关系代词which指代这件事情并引导非限制性定语从句。答案：C。【例3】【解析】【例4】Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。【例4】答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而【例5】Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.it答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。【例5】答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，【例6】TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear‘spartywasagreatsuccess.（2004年全国卷23题）

A.forwhich B.atwhich

C.inwhich D.onwhich本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过拆分我们可以得MystudentsactedintheEnglishplayattheNewYear‘sparty.,所以答案为C。【例6】本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过【例7】______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.（2004年北京卷34题）A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What【例8】Iworkinabusiness______almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004年湖南卷