雅思阅读-实战1测词

★HowtoincreaseFromTheEconomistprintHowshopscan1exploitpeople‘s2herdmentality从众心理toincreasesales1ATRIPtothesupermarketmaynotseemlikeanexercisein3psychologicalwarfare心理战—butitis.1Shopkeepers店主knowthatfillingastorewiththe4aroma芳香offreshlybaked烤的breadmakespeoplefeelhungryand5persuades说服themtobuymorefoodthantheyhad6intended打算；准备2Stockingthemostexpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.Nowresearchersare7investigating；how―8swarminligence群体智能‖(thatis,how9ants蚂蚁,beesoranysocialanimal,includinghumans,behaveinacrowd)canbeusedtoinfluencewhatpeoplebuy.2.3Atarecentconferenceonthe10simulation模拟of11adaptive适应的，适合的behaviourinRome,Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani,acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,describedanewwaytoincrease12impulse冲动的buyingusingthis13phenomenon现象.4Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted:forinstance,byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore,forcingshopperstowalkpastothertemptinggoodstoreachthem.MrUsmaniandRonaldoMenezes,alsooftheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,14setoutto打算，着手15enhance提thistendencytobuymorebyplayingontheherd兽群16instinct本能.Theideaisthat,ifacertainproductisseentobepopularshoppersarelikelytochooseittooThechallengeistokeepcustomersinformedaboutwhatothersarebuying.3.Entersmart-carttechnology.InMrUsmani‘ssupermarketeveryproducthasa17radio无线电设备18frequency繁identification19tag,asortof20barcode条形码thatusesradiowavesto21transmit发送information,andevery22trolley手推车hasascannerthatreadsthisinformationand23relaysittoacentralcomputer.5Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelflshimhowmanypeople24currently当前intheshophavechosenthat25particular特别的product.Ifthenumberishigh,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.46MrUsmani‘s―swarm-movesmodel26appealsto对…有supermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithoutneedtogivepeople27discounts折扣.Anditgivesshoppersthesatisfactionofknowingthattheyboughtthe―right‖product—thatis,theoneeveryoneelsebought.7Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld,mainlyradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeen28installed安装29experimentally实验式地insomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaandTescoinBritainareinterestedinhiswork,andtestingwill30getunderway开动inthespring.5.Anotherrecentstudyonthepowerofsocial31indicates表明thatsalescould,indeed,be32boosted提高，推进inthisway.MatthewSalganikofColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandhiscolleagueshavedescribedcreatingan33artificial人造的musicmarketinwhichsome14,000peopledownloaded34previously以前；预先unknownsongs.9Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhadbeendownloaded,theyfollowedthecrowd.10Whenthesongswerenotorderedbyrank,butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed,theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwasless35pronounced显著的.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.6.11InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproductsaccordingtosalesdatafrom36departmentstores百货公andresearchcompanies.Theshopssellonlythemostpopular37items所有物品ineachproduct38category种类，分类,andtheareupdatedweekly.Icosystem,acompanyinCambridge,Massachusetts,alsoaimstoexploitknowledgeofsocialnetworkingtoimprovesales.7.Andthepsychologythatworksinphysicalstoresjustas39potent有效的；强有力的ontheinternet.Online40retailers零售商suchasAmazon41areadeptat擅长lingshopperswhichproductsarepopularwithlike-mindedconsumers.12Evenintheprivacyofyourhome,youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.(644Questions1-Completethesentencesbelowwithwordstakenfromthereadingpassage.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.1.Shopownersrealizethatthesmellof increasesalesoffoodproducts.(freshlybaked)2.Inshops,productsshelvedatamorevisiblelevelsellbettereveniftheyaremore 3.AccordingtoMr.Usmani,withtheuseof―swarminligence‖phenomenon,anewmethodcanbeappliedtoencourage impulse4.Onthewaytoeverydayitemsatthebackofthestore,shoppersmightbetemptedtobuy other(tempting)5.Ifthenumberofbuyersshownonthe high,othercustomerstendtofollowthem.6.Usingthe―swarm-moves‖model,shopownersdonothavetogivecustomers toincreasesales.Questions7-Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?Forquestions7-12writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeNOifthestatementcontraictstheNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisinthe7.RadiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasbeeninstalledexperimentallyinbigsupermarketslikeWal-Mart.8.Peopletendtodownloadmoreunknownsongsthansongstheyarefamiliarwith.9.Songsrankedh