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INDOOR
AIRPOLLUTION
HAZARDHanYang...INDOOR
AIRPOLLUTION
HAZARDHanINDOORAIRQUALITYIndoorairquality
(IAQ)isatermwhichreferstothe
airquality
withinandaround
buildings
and
structures,especiallyasitrelatestothehealthandcomfortofbuildingoccupants.
INDOORAIRQUALITYIndoorairqINDOORAIRQUALITYIndoorairqualityisinfluencedby:Outdoorairpollution:vehiclesandindustrialplantsSecondhandtobaccosmokeFuelsusedforheatingandcookingConfinedandpoorlyventilatedspacesOvercrowdedhomesandinsufficientlivingspaceCustoms,habits,traditionsLevelofeconomicdevelopment:Industrialized≠developingcountriesINDOORAIRQUALITYIndoorairqADVERSEHEALTHEFFECTSIrritationofthemucousmembranes(eyes,nose,throat)Cough,wheeze,chesttightnessIncreasedairwayresponsivenesstoallergensLong-termexposuredecreaseslunggrowthImpairmentofpulmonaryfunctionIncreasedsusceptibilitytochronicobstructivelungdiseasesAcuteChronicADVERSEHEALTHEFFECTSIrritatiENVIRONMENTANDPOLLUTIONIndoorenvironmentsalsoreflectoutdoorairqualityIndustrialoragriculturalactivitiesTreatmentofindustrialeffluentsanddomesticresiduesTrafficSolidwastemanagementCottageindustriesChemicalincidentsandspillsENVIRONMENTANDPOLLUTIONIndooENVIRONMENTANDPOLLUTIONIndoorairpollutionalsoaffectsoutdoorairqualityENVIRONMENTANDPOLLUTIONIndooINDOORAIRPOLLUTANTParticulatematterCarbonmonoxideSecondhandtobaccosmokePesticidesVolatileorganiccompoundsBiologicalpollutants -Mites -Allergens -MouldsRadonAsbestosINDOORAIRPOLLUTANTParticulatPARTICULATEMATTERCoarseparticles(2.5–10micrometres)depositedintheupperrespiratorytractandlargeairwaysFineparticles(<2.5micrometres)mayreachterminalbronchiolesandalveoliPARTICULATEMATTERCoarsepartiSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSOpenfirecookingstovesproduceheavysmokecontaining:FineparticlesCarbonmonoxide(CO)Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)StronglylinkedtopneumoniaSuggestedlinktolowbirthweightInadults:chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,lungcancerSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSOpenfirecSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSLevelofparticulatesinhomeusingbiofuel:>1000µg/m3(24hrmean)Canreach10000µg/m3PM10EPA:50µg/m3PM10annualmeanWomenandyoungchildrenhavegreatestexposureSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSLevelofpaSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSAgedistributionofglobalburdenofdiseaseattributabletosolidfueluseAgegroup(yrs)AttributablemortalityAttributableDALYs0–456835–140015–595860+389Youngchildrenathighriskdueto:LungimmaturityHighexposuretoIAP:nearly1millionchildrenunder5yrsdieeveryyearduetosolidfueluse!SMOKYCOOKINGFUELSAgedistribCARBONMONOXIDETHE"SILENTKILLER"
ACOMMONCAUSEOFACUTEANDLETHALPOISONINGColourless,odourlessgasformedbyincompleteburningofcarbon-basedfuels
CO’saffinityforHbis240–270timesgreaterthanoxygenFetalHbhashigheraffinityforCOCOcausesaleftwardshiftoftheoxyhaemoglobin(OHb)dissociationcurveIntoxicationresultsintissuehypoxiaMultipleorgansystemsareaffectedCARBONMONOXIDECARBONMONOXIDESOURCESGas,kerosene,woodstovesandcoalFires,fireplaces,furnaces
LeakingchimneysandventsRoomandwaterheatersVehicleexhaustinclosedgarageTobaccosmokeCARBONMONOXIDESOURCESCARBONMONOXIDESymptoms:
Headache,dizzinessNausea,vomitingIrritabilitySleepiness,confusionUnconsciousness,comaDeathIncreasingCOHbCARBONMONOXIDESymptoms:IncrSECONDHANDTOBACCOSMOKEINCREASESRISKOF:RespiratorytractillnessAsthmaMiddleeareffusionsPrenatalcomplicationsandlowbirthweightFire-relatedinjuriesSuddeninfantdeathsyndrome(SIDS)Cancers(childhoodleukemiaandothers)SECONDHANDTOBACCOSMOKEINCREASECONDHANDTOBACCOSMOKE
70%morerespiratoryproblemsPneumoniaandhospitalizationinyear1is38%higherInfantmortalityis80%higher20%ofallinfantdeathscouldbeavoidedifallpregnantsmokersstoppedbythe16thweekofgestation
5timeshigherriskofsuddeninfantdeathsyndrome(SIDS)Childrenwhosemotherssmoke:ORSECONDHANDTOBACCOSMOKEChildPESTICIDESSprayingpesticidesindoor:HigherconcentrationsnearthefloorPersistenceinsomesurfaces(carpets,softtoys)OveruseandmisusePESTICIDESSprayingpesticidesPESTICIDESClassescommonlyused:PyrethroidsNeurotoxicantsInsectrepellents(DEET)MosquitocoilsHealtheffects:AcutepoisoningAllergicandgeneralsymptomsHouseholduseinAfrica,Asia,SouthAmericaPESTICIDESClassescommonlyuseVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSAlkanes,aromatichydrocarbons,alcohols,aldehydes,ketonesSources:Solvents,fabricsofteners,deodorizersandcleaningproductsPaints,glues,resins,waxesandpolishingmaterialsSpraypropellants,drycleaningfluidsPensandmarkersBindersandplasticizersCosmetics:hairsprays,perfumesVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSAlkaVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSHEALTHEFFECTSAcute:IrritationofeyesandrespiratorytractGeneral:headache,dizziness,lossofcoordination,nausea,visualdisordersAllergicreactions,includingasthmaandrhinitisChronic:Damagetoliver,kidney,bloodsystemandcentralnervoussystem(CNS)Somemaycausecancerinhumans(formaldehyde)VOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDS
FORMALDEHYDEIndustrializedcountriesHouseholdcleanersanddeodorizersGluesandresinsTobaccosmokeCarpetingFurnitureanddyedmaterialsPressedwoodproductsUreaformaldehydeinsulatingfoam(UFFI)OthersDevelopingcountriesUseofsolidfuelsindoorsMosquitocoilsFurniture(pressedwood)VOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDS
FORMALDEHYDEHEALTHEFFECTSIrritationofeyes,noseandthroatBreathingdifficultiesSkinrashAsthmaandotherallergicreactionsMaybeasensitizerMaycausecancerVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSAnimaldander,dustmites,moulds,infectiousagents,pollenSourcesofbiologicalagents:Water-damagedsurfacesandmaterialsHumidifiersandstagnantwaterWatervapourfromcookingandshoweringAirconditioningsystemsMattresses,upholsteredfurnitureandcarpetsDirtBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSAnimaldBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSDUSTMITESFeedonhumandanderPreferwarm,humidenvironmentsSources:bedding,carpets,upholstery,softtoysBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSANIMALALLERGENSBirdsDogdanderCockroachpartsandfaecesCatdander(mostallergenic)BIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSANIMALALBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSAfrequentlyundetectedenvironmentalproblemOccurindampindoorareasAllergiesandnonspecificsymptomsarecommon,butinfectionsarerareMOULDSBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSAfrequenBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSAirwayandconjunctivalirritationHeadacheDifficultyinconcentratingHypersensitivityreactions:asthma,rhinitisSystemicinfections(immunosuppressedchild)AcuteexposureassociatedwithpulmonaryhaemorrhageininfantsMOULD-RELATEDDISEASESMycotoxinsareassociatedwithhumandiseaseandcauseacuteandchroniceffectsBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSAirwayanRADONRadioactivegasreleasedfromsoilandrocksConcentrationsindoorsdependonconstructionsiteandbuildingmaterialsHighestlevelsoccurinbasementsandonthegroundfloorSecondleadingcauseoflungcancer(inadults)RADONRadioactivegasreleasedASBESTOSUsedforinsulationandasfire-retardant:asbestoscement,floorandrooftiles,waterpipesandothersLevelsincreaseifasbestos-containingmaterialsaredamagedLevelscanbehighinclothesofworkingparentsSOURCESRooftilesASBESTOSUsedforinsulationanASBESTOSHealtheffects:NoacutetoxicityAsbestosisresultsfromoccupationalexposureMainriskforchildren:long-termexposuremaycausecancerinadulthoodMalignantmesotheliomaLungcancerAsbestosiASBESTOSHealtheffects:Asbesto演讲完毕，谢谢观看！演讲完毕，谢谢观看！INDOOR
AIRPOLLUTION
HAZARDHanYang...INDOOR
AIRPOLLUTION
HAZARDHanINDOORAIRQUALITYIndoorairquality
(IAQ)isatermwhichreferstothe
airquality
withinandaround
buildings
and
structures,especiallyasitrelatestothehealthandcomfortofbuildingoccupants.
INDOORAIRQUALITYIndoorairqINDOORAIRQUALITYIndoorairqualityisinfluencedby:Outdoorairpollution:vehiclesandindustrialplantsSecondhandtobaccosmokeFuelsusedforheatingandcookingConfinedandpoorlyventilatedspacesOvercrowdedhomesandinsufficientlivingspaceCustoms,habits,traditionsLevelofeconomicdevelopment:Industrialized≠developingcountriesINDOORAIRQUALITYIndoorairqADVERSEHEALTHEFFECTSIrritationofthemucousmembranes(eyes,nose,throat)Cough,wheeze,chesttightnessIncreasedairwayresponsivenesstoallergensLong-termexposuredecreaseslunggrowthImpairmentofpulmonaryfunctionIncreasedsusceptibilitytochronicobstructivelungdiseasesAcuteChronicADVERSEHEALTHEFFECTSIrritatiENVIRONMENTANDPOLLUTIONIndoorenvironmentsalsoreflectoutdoorairqualityIndustrialoragriculturalactivitiesTreatmentofindustrialeffluentsanddomesticresiduesTrafficSolidwastemanagementCottageindustriesChemicalincidentsandspillsENVIRONMENTANDPOLLUTIONIndooENVIRONMENTANDPOLLUTIONIndoorairpollutionalsoaffectsoutdoorairqualityENVIRONMENTANDPOLLUTIONIndooINDOORAIRPOLLUTANTParticulatematterCarbonmonoxideSecondhandtobaccosmokePesticidesVolatileorganiccompoundsBiologicalpollutants -Mites -Allergens -MouldsRadonAsbestosINDOORAIRPOLLUTANTParticulatPARTICULATEMATTERCoarseparticles(2.5–10micrometres)depositedintheupperrespiratorytractandlargeairwaysFineparticles(<2.5micrometres)mayreachterminalbronchiolesandalveoliPARTICULATEMATTERCoarsepartiSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSOpenfirecookingstovesproduceheavysmokecontaining:FineparticlesCarbonmonoxide(CO)Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)StronglylinkedtopneumoniaSuggestedlinktolowbirthweightInadults:chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease,lungcancerSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSOpenfirecSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSLevelofparticulatesinhomeusingbiofuel:>1000µg/m3(24hrmean)Canreach10000µg/m3PM10EPA:50µg/m3PM10annualmeanWomenandyoungchildrenhavegreatestexposureSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSLevelofpaSMOKYCOOKINGFUELSAgedistributionofglobalburdenofdiseaseattributabletosolidfueluseAgegroup(yrs)AttributablemortalityAttributableDALYs0–456835–140015–595860+389Youngchildrenathighriskdueto:LungimmaturityHighexposuretoIAP:nearly1millionchildrenunder5yrsdieeveryyearduetosolidfueluse!SMOKYCOOKINGFUELSAgedistribCARBONMONOXIDETHE"SILENTKILLER"
ACOMMONCAUSEOFACUTEANDLETHALPOISONINGColourless,odourlessgasformedbyincompleteburningofcarbon-basedfuels
CO’saffinityforHbis240–270timesgreaterthanoxygenFetalHbhashigheraffinityforCOCOcausesaleftwardshiftoftheoxyhaemoglobin(OHb)dissociationcurveIntoxicationresultsintissuehypoxiaMultipleorgansystemsareaffectedCARBONMONOXIDECARBONMONOXIDESOURCESGas,kerosene,woodstovesandcoalFires,fireplaces,furnaces
LeakingchimneysandventsRoomandwaterheatersVehicleexhaustinclosedgarageTobaccosmokeCARBONMONOXIDESOURCESCARBONMONOXIDESymptoms:
Headache,dizzinessNausea,vomitingIrritabilitySleepiness,confusionUnconsciousness,comaDeathIncreasingCOHbCARBONMONOXIDESymptoms:IncrSECONDHANDTOBACCOSMOKEINCREASESRISKOF:RespiratorytractillnessAsthmaMiddleeareffusionsPrenatalcomplicationsandlowbirthweightFire-relatedinjuriesSuddeninfantdeathsyndrome(SIDS)Cancers(childhoodleukemiaandothers)SECONDHANDTOBACCOSMOKEINCREASECONDHANDTOBACCOSMOKE
70%morerespiratoryproblemsPneumoniaandhospitalizationinyear1is38%higherInfantmortalityis80%higher20%ofallinfantdeathscouldbeavoidedifallpregnantsmokersstoppedbythe16thweekofgestation
5timeshigherriskofsuddeninfantdeathsyndrome(SIDS)Childrenwhosemotherssmoke:ORSECONDHANDTOBACCOSMOKEChildPESTICIDESSprayingpesticidesindoor:HigherconcentrationsnearthefloorPersistenceinsomesurfaces(carpets,softtoys)OveruseandmisusePESTICIDESSprayingpesticidesPESTICIDESClassescommonlyused:PyrethroidsNeurotoxicantsInsectrepellents(DEET)MosquitocoilsHealtheffects:AcutepoisoningAllergicandgeneralsymptomsHouseholduseinAfrica,Asia,SouthAmericaPESTICIDESClassescommonlyuseVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSAlkanes,aromatichydrocarbons,alcohols,aldehydes,ketonesSources:Solvents,fabricsofteners,deodorizersandcleaningproductsPaints,glues,resins,waxesandpolishingmaterialsSpraypropellants,drycleaningfluidsPensandmarkersBindersandplasticizersCosmetics:hairsprays,perfumesVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSAlkaVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSHEALTHEFFECTSAcute:IrritationofeyesandrespiratorytractGeneral:headache,dizziness,lossofcoordination,nausea,visualdisordersAllergicreactions,includingasthmaandrhinitisChronic:Damagetoliver,kidney,bloodsystemandcentralnervoussystem(CNS)Somemaycausecancerinhumans(formaldehyde)VOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDS
FORMALDEHYDEIndustrializedcountriesHouseholdcleanersanddeodorizersGluesandresinsTobaccosmokeCarpetingFurnitureanddyedmaterialsPressedwoodproductsUreaformaldehydeinsulatingfoam(UFFI)OthersDevelopingcountriesUseofsolidfuelsindoorsMosquitocoilsFurniture(pressedwood)VOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDS
FORMALDEHYDEHEALTHEFFECTSIrritationofeyes,noseandthroatBreathingdifficultiesSkinrashAsthmaandotherallergicreactionsMaybeasensitizerMaycausecancerVOLATILEORGANICCOMPOUNDSBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSAnimaldander,dustmites,moulds,infectiousagents,pollenSourcesofbiologicalagents:Water-damagedsurfacesandmaterialsHumidifiersandstagnantwaterWatervapourfromcookingandshoweringAirconditioningsystemsMattresses,upholsteredfurnitureandcarpetsDirtBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSAnimaldBIOLOGICALPOLLUTANTSDUSTMITESFeedonhumandanderPreferwarm,humidenvironments
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