阅读理解技巧之猜测词意课件

Welcometomyclass!阅读理解技巧之猜测词意2009年考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求

本部分共分两节，测试考生的英语阅读理解能力。要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般性话题的文字材料以及公告、说明、广告等（生词量不超过3％），并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；

３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度。How

toguessthemeaningsofwords

Ways

ofGuessingWords一.Explanation（解释）二.Context（上下文）三.Word-formation（构词）四.Examples（例子）五.Commonsense（常识）

eg：Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle

---thatis,itwillbreakeasily.

eg：Modernmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,amedicaltoolusedforlisteningtothemovementsofaperson’slungandhisheartbeats.

一、Explanation易碎的，脆弱的听诊器利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas，thatis,等等，标点符号有：——等◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Weareonthenightshift---workingfrommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.木匠

动物学家

牧人夜班Ex.1

carpenter,zoologist,herdsman,nightshifte.g.

Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isveryabstemious.goone.g.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.1.对比关系污秽的,邋遢的有节制的,节约的

◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.◎Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.◎Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.混乱

无辜的天生的不同意Ex.2

turmoil,dissent,innate,innocente.g.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.圆胖的,丰满的

e.g.Thenewtaxlawsupersedesorreplacesthelawthatwasineffectlastyear.取代,接替,撤换Ex.3

symptoms,volatile,shivered◎Oneofsymptomscausedbythiskindofillnessisahighfever.◎Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.

症状易挥发的颤抖，哆嗦3.因果关系:信号词：如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult,so…that,such…that，therefore等表示前因后果。e.g.Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisvery

elastic.e.g.Theriverisso

turbid

thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.有弹性的混浊的◎SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting,Iboughtareplica.Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference.◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.复制品精明的

修剪Ex.4

replica,shrewd,trim

1.Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditionallove,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmental

listenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的根据构词法：三.Word-formationeg：Theyoverestimatetheinterviewee'sabilityandaskedhimmanydifficultquestions.在overestimate词中over-是前缀，意为“过分”。因此overestimate的词义可以猜测为“过高估计”的意思。猜一猜:

minicar postwar

supermarket

preschool

recall

irrelative

nonstandarddisloyalunlockco-workeroveractivevicepresident

微型汽车战后超市学前回忆,回想无关系的不标准的不忠诚的开锁合作者过分活跃副总统eg:Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.

eg:Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcha

ripplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.五.Commonsense膨胀，扩大收缩，缩小波纹，细浪1.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.

Mostoftherosesarebeginningtowither

becauseofthecold.

3.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

Ex.5

dowry,wither,anaesthetic嫁妆枯萎麻药Letusdosomeexercisestoconsolidateit.Thistimewewillhaveagroupcompetition.Thegroupwhowinswillgetasurprisefromme.

DiscussionExercisesLet‘shaveagroupcompetition小试身手Albert’ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.

2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.3.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.

祝功成你!A.timeB.competitionC.perseveranceA.成功的B.徒劳的C.有效的D.匆促的A.上级B.前任C.同事D.下级7.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.

8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.9.Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchool,orEnglishLearning.

祝功成你!小试身手A.workB.studyC.nameD.interestA.townB.capitalC.countryD.houseA.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers10.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.

11.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.

12.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

祝功成你!小试身手A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedryA.directB.indirectC.straightA.smallB.largeC.dullNowlet’strysomeexamplesinthepassages.Herearesomeexamplesintheexams.Trytoguessthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingpassages.

Hereisanexamplefromthetestpaperofthe2008finalexams.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。青少年太早来到学校上课，就坐在桌旁打盹。而且我们知道“nod”有点头的意思。根据常识，打盹的时候会情不自禁地垂下头。eg：

ABrownUniversitysleepresearcherhassomeadviceforpeoplewhorunhighschools:Don’tstartclassessoearlyinthemorning.Itmaynotbethatthestudentswhonodoffattheirdesksarelazy.Anditmaynotbethattheirparentshavefailedtoenforce(确保)bedtime.Instead,itmaybethatbiologicallythesesleepyheadstudentsaren’tusedtotheearlyhour.49.Theunderlinedphrase“nodoff”mostprobablymeans“_______”.turnaroundB.agreewithothersC.fallasleepD.refusetowork

Hereisanotherexamplefromthetestpaper.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据上下文原则里的并列关系，我们通过一个and可以断定apprehensive跟nervous是同义词。

eg：Aheart-warmingstorytellsofawomanwhofinallydecidedtoaskherbossforaraiseinsalary.Alldayshefeltnervousandapprehensive.Lateintheafternoonshesummonedthecouragetoapproachheremployer.Toherdelight,thebossagreedtoaraise.54.Theunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans______A.worriedB.eagerC.certainD.afraid

Hereisanotherexamplefromthetestpaper.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我们通过下文对cuisine这个词的补充解释，来判定它的基本意思为食物。

eg：Eachregionhasadistinctivelocalflavor.Here,we’dliketointroducethebestofChinesecuisine.Now,theremightbeChineserestaurantsalmosteverywhereintheworld,butIcouldn'tthinkofabetterplaceortimetoshowthecharmofitthanattheBeijingOlympics.41.Theunderlinedwordinparagraph1mostprobablymeans______A.cookerB.cookC.foodD.tradition

Hereisanotherexamplefromthetestpaper.分析：此题考查考生猜词的能力。根据解释定义原则，我们通过下文对leg这个词的补充解释，来判定它的基本意思为这个biketour的一部分，不要误选A。

AbiketourandracewillbeheldonAug26and27.At5:30am,theriderswillleaveTiananmenSquareandridethefirst35kmasatrainingleg.Thenthenext55KmlegfromYanjiaotoJixian,willbethefirstcompetition.

Theunderlinedword“leg”probablymeans_______.A.

raceB.practiceC.partofthetrainingD.partofthetour

Homework:Domoreexercisesonyourpaper.ReadingComprehensionThankyouforyourattentionBye-bye！eg：Oneofthepredominantconcernstodayisthefutureofournaturalresources.Thisissueisofgreatestimportancebecauseitisbecomingcleartomanypeoplethatourpresentresourceswillnotlastforever.

文中“predominant”的词义可猜测为具有与“ofgreatestimportance”相近的意思。

eg：Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken．手势,哑剧,舞剧eg：Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.文中“enormous”的词义可猜测为与“large”的意思相近。

eg：Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyperson,whodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.

根据文中“unlike...”的意思，可将gregarious理解为与文中“ashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakenewfriends.”相反的意思，即：表示“好交际的”。eg：Theoldmanputonhisspectacles

andbegantoread.

spectacles的词义，从下文“戴上‘spectacles’后开始阅读”可以猜得其词义“眼镜”。eg：Someartistsplantheirpaintingsaroundgeometric

formslikesquares,circlesandtriangles.geometricforms的意思，可从文中所列举的三角形，正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为“几何图形”。

eg：Weweretoldthatour'swasthemostspaciousroominthehotel.Thatwaswhywehadtopaysomuchforit.Spacious是由词根space(空间)+ious(形容词后缀)构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为“有空间的，宽敞的”。

gooneg：Americanbusinessmenexpectemployeestobepunctual.Theydonotexpectthattheworkerswillcomelate.文中bepunctual的意思，可理解为“notcomelate”，即“准时，不迟到”。e.g.MrSmithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.

显然，similarly是个语境线索，它暗示loquacious意为lovetotalk。-er-or-ian-ist-ese-ess后缀,构成可数名词猜一猜:solutionsolvedruggistdrugelectricianelectricgreatnessgreatreminderremind构词法-ment-tion-ness-sion-ery-ing后缀,构成抽象名词-al-ble-ern