培训课件1.平行跑道运行理论依据

精密跑道监2015-8- ILS/PRM和PRM程序应2015-8- 国 组织ICAOFAA相关文2015-8-

运行模

2015-8- 系统上进近的航空器之间不需要配备规定的间隔时，2015-8- 、跑道中心线的间距小于米但不小于米的，配备适当的二次监视设备，其方位精度不得小于0.06度，更新周期不得大、跑道中心线的间距小于米但不小于米的，配备适当的监视，其方位精度不得小于0.3度，更新周期不得大于5秒或者优于该设备的二次监视设备，但应当确定该设备能够保证航空3、1525米的0.352015-8- 2015-8- 航空器没有进入划定合中民航空 》规的小向隔。 在相邻的最后进近航陆系统下滑道前，应当将航空器通信移交给相应的塔 员监视每条跑道进近 员，应当具有对相应的机 频超控的能2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 用“高边”和“低边”进行引导，以保证航空器在建立各“高边”和“低边”航空器在建立各自的航向道之前有300米的高度差，应当引导“低边”航空器在距下滑道切 之前，“高边”航空器的高度应当比“低边”航空器的高2015-8- 千米2015-8- 2015-8- 系统上进近的航空器之间需要配备规定的间隔时，在2015-8- 两条跑道中心线的间距要求：两条平行跑道中心线的间距不小915米时，允许航空器按照相关平行仪表进近的模式运行使 引导切入仪表着陆系统航向道配备适当的监 设备，其方位精度不得小于0.3度，更新周期得大于5两条跑道上都在进行仪表着陆系统进员已经告知航空器两条跑道都可以实施进近，或者航空器通机场自动终 服务已经收到此 一条跑道的进近复飞航迹与相邻跑道的进近复飞航迹的扩散角不于30进 员具备超控塔 员无线电通话的能力2015-8- 2015-8- 在两条相邻的仪表着陆系统航向道上同时进近的航空器之间的达间隔不小于4千米2015-8- 2015-8- 实施平行跑道独立平行离场应当具备下列条件跑道中心线的间距符合规定：两条平行跑道中心线的间距不小760米时，允许航空器按照独立平行离场的模式运两条离场航迹在航空器起飞后立即建立不小于15度的扩散角具有能够在跑道末端外2千米以内识别航空器的监 设备 2015-8-

是否需要1525米(5000英尺)或以 45 不需1525米(5000英尺)或以 452015-8- 跑道间距起飞后的航迹夹角是否需要小于1525米(5000英尺)大于760米(2500英尺760米(2500英尺)或以上15以上需要15或以上2015-8- 2015-8- 实 平行运行应当具备下列条件 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 11ILS/PRM和LDA/PRM含22ILS/PRM和LDA/PRM使用背2015-8- 系统（PrecisionRunwayMonitor， 2015-8- PRM系统的是一个高分辨率有别于惯常采用的。它可以每秒钟一转的高速做电子扫描，较传统更2015-8- ILS/PRMRwy2015-8-NTZ—NoTransgression 2015-8- 间区域的宽度，并且不得小于610米。（123 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- WithoutPRM,ATCisrequiredtoapplya2NMstaggerseparationbetweenaircraftonadjacentILSapproaches.没有PRM运行，在相邻的ILS进近航道错的间隔WithPRM,aircraftcanbeprocessedindependentlyofanytrafficontheadjacentapproachtrack.Separationisassuredbyrequiringanyaircraftthatdeviatessignificantlyfromtheapproachtracktoimmediayturnawayfromtheadjacentapproachpath.Affectedaircraftontheadjacentapproachwillalsobeturnedawayimmediay.2015-8- ThespecialisedcontrollerinterfaceswillalertATCtoanytendencyanaircraftmayhavetodeviatetowardstheadjacentcentreline.InthiseventthePRMControllerwilladvisethepilotoftheA"NoTransgressionZone"(NTZ)withawidthof610metresisestablishedbetweentheparallelapproachpathstoprovideasuitablesafetybufferbetweenaircraftonadjacentILSapproaches.IfanaircraftisobservedtopenetratetheNTZ,a"Breakout"procedurewillbeinitiatedimmedia ybythePRMControllerandboththataircraftandanyingaircraftontheapproachwillbeturned

在专门的员界面上，当存在任何长线时，也会向员提供告警。在这种情况下PRM员会通知立一个610米宽的非侵入区（NTZ）2015-8- InstrumentApproachSOIAisanacronymforSimultaneousOffsetInstrumentApproach,aprocedureusedtoconductsimultaneousapproachestorunwaysspacedlessthan3,000feet,butatleast750feetapart.TheSOIAprocedureutilizesanILS/PRMapproachtoonerunwayandanoffsetLocalizerTypeDirectionalAid(LDA)/PRMapproachwithglideslopetotheadjacentrunway.2015-8- 2015-8- LocalizerDirectionalAidAlateralguidancefacility,whichprovideslocalizertypeguidancebutdoesnotmeetlocalizersiting/alignment2015-8- LDAPRMRwy2015-8- SFO2015-8- ILS/PRM和LDA/PRM使用背 2015-8- BOS–BostonLogan2015-8- DFWDFW–Dallas-FortWorthLAX–LosAngeles2015-8- SFOSFO–SanFrancisco2015-8- 2015-8- Increasedrunwaycapacityofupto30percentinreducedvisibilityconditions,decreasesinlatearrivals,jetfuelsavingsinherentineliminatingdelayedlandingsandexcessiveholdingpatterns,andreductionsincrewflyingtimeperflight2015-8- Airservices—悉尼机—国航

ILS/PRM或者—SFO、ATL、STL等2015-8- 飞行人员的培训与要ToflyanILSPRM,pilotsmusthavethefollowing "ILSPRMApproaches-APilot'sB、BethoroughlyfamiliarwiththeILSequivalentoperationals的ILSPRM进近程序。参考DAPJeppesen澳大利亚空通管理,规则和2015-8- CFamiliarizationwiththeC、熟悉BREAKOUT程序和术D、Completionofantheoperator'strainingcheckingorganization,orchiefpilotholdinginstrumentratingrenewalapproval,orflyingtrainingschoolholdinginstrumenttrainingapproval.2015-8- Pilotswhocompletethetrainingthroughanapprovedflighttrainingschoolmustobtainalogbookendorsementbythattraining 获得训练机构的飞行记录簿Simulatortraininginbreakoutproceduresisnotmandatorybutis mended,particularlyinaircraftfittedwithautomatedflightguidancesystems虽然这不是强制性的,但我们强烈推荐在模拟机上进行中断进近的模拟训练,.特别2015-8- IfunabletoparticipateinanILSPRMapproach,pilotsmustnotifyATCpriorto120DMESY(orifdepartingfromwithin120DMESYonfirstcontactwithATC).ILSPRM进近在120DMESY (者在小于120DMESY的离场时, PilotswhoarenotILSPRMqualifiedwillbeclearedforastandardILSapproachandATCwillapplydependantseparationstandardsbetweenaircraft.WhileILSPRMAPCHareinuseACFTabletocomplywithILSPRMPROCwillbeaffordedpriorityovernon–compliant2015-8- IfunabletoparticipateinanILSPRMapproach,pilotsmustnotifyATCpriorto120DMESY(orifdepartingfromwithin120DMESYonfirstcontactwithATC).

如果不能进行ILSPRM进近必须在120DMESY之前告知通（或者在小于120DMESY的离场时,于第一次和空通的通2015-8- 进近图APPROACHAPPROACH进近Therearenowtwo(2)ILSchartsforeachparallelrunway.ENSURETHATYOUUSETHEILSPRMCHART.跑道.确保你使用的是正确的ILSPRM图2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- AUTOPILOTCOUPLED自动驾驶耦合进AUTOPILOTCOUPLEDAPPROACHES: mendedthatILSPRMapproachesareflownwiththeaircraftautopilotcoupledwheneverpracticable.PRM进近的飞行。2015-8- 服务自动航 服TheATISwilladvisewhenILSPRMapproachesareinprogress.如果使用了ILSPRM进近程序,自行员明确正在实施ILSPRM进近2015-8- 双甚高频要求(DualVHFRequirementsDualVHFToavoidblockedtransmission,eachwillhavebothaTWRandaPRMTheTWRandPRMcontrollerswilltransmitonbothfrequencies.PILOTSMUSTtransmitontheTWRfrequencyONLY,butLISTENTOBOTH.Itisimportantthatthevolumeofbothfrequenciesissettothesamelevelsothattransmissionsareheardonatleastonefrequencyiftheotherisblocked.

TWR频率和一个PRM频率.频率员会同时发报到2个频率上 2015-8- Example：A"breakout"wouldbeissuedbythePRMonbothfrequencies.Intheeventoffrequencycongestionorover-transmissiononthetowerfrequency,thepilotwillstillhearthebreakoutinstructiononthePRMfrequency.例如:PRM员发出指令到两个频率上。在TWR频率挤或传输阻断的情况下，仍会听到在PRM的频率BREAKOUT。PilotsmusthavetherelevantPRMfrequencyselectedpriortotransfertoaerodromecontrol.ItisimportantthePRMfrequencyvolumeispresetpriortothistransfer.当的PRM频率.在发报前调整PRM频率2015-8- 偏TheILSPRMdisplayandradartechnologyallowsforaircrafttrackprojectionsupto10secondsinadvanceoftheactualaircraftposition.IfthePRMdisplayindicatesthatanaircraftwillpenetratetheNTZanadvisorybroadcastwillbeissuedtotheaircraft.Thephraseologywillbe：秒钟之前,如果飞机仍无任何改变航向的操作,精密跑道仪表着陆系 会有指示.在这种情况下,精 术语为:'RADARINDICATESYOUAREDEVIATINGLEFT(ORRIGHT)OFTHELOCALIZERCOURSE'“显示你正在向航向道（左/侧）偏离。2015-8- Pilotsarenotexpectedtoacknowledgeadeviationadvisorybutshouldcomparelocalizercoursetrackingindicationsandusetheindicatormostconsistentwiththecontroller'sadvice.ThePRMcontrollerisnotexpectedtoprovideanindicationofdisplacementfromtheapplicablelocalizercourse.OnreceiptofadeviationpilotsshouldpromptlyadjustaircraftheadingtoavoidpenetratingtheNTZandregainthelocalizercourse. 2015-8- 2015-8- 中断进IfanaircraftenterstheNTZ,itismandatoryforthePRMcontrollertoissueabreakoutinstructiontothataircraftplusanyaffectedaircraftontheadjacentlocalizercourse.Breakoutphraseologywillbe:如果有飞行器进入到NTZ,PRMTURNLEFT(orRIGHT)IMMEDIAYHEADING(3digits),CLIMB(orDESCEND)TO(altitude)'2015-8- 2015-8- Pilotsissuedwith"Breakout"instructionsareinasituationofminimallateralseparationwithanotheraircraftwithlittleornoadvancewarningofimpendingbreakout.通常发生在在没有预先警告的况下,飞机的横向间隔小于最小横向间隔WhenissuedwithBreakoutinstructionsfromanILSPRMapproach,timeiscritical.ALLBREAKOUTproceduresMUSTBEHANDFLOWN.Inexceptionalcircumstancesadescendingbreakoutmaybegivenbuttheassignedaltitudewillnotbebelowtheapplicableminimumvectoringaltitude(MVA).ILSPRM进近时进行中断进近操作时,2015-8- TCASPilotsmayselectTCASintheTAMODEormaintainRAMODEonreceiptofinstructionstocontactthe

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2015-8- 环境因素(EnvironmentalConsiderationsEnvironmental环境因InimplementingPRMintheRWY16directionatSydney,Airservices,haprovidedassurancethatitwill,consistentwiththeoverridingconcernforairsafety,takeactiontolimitthenorthernextentdownwindlegandtominimisethelengthoftimethataircraftmaintain3000ft.Additionaltrainingisbeingprovidedtocontrollerstomeettheseobjectives.Itisessentialthataircrewareawareoftheseobjectivesandassistbybearinginmindthefollowingfactors:在悉尼16号跑道实施ILSPRM进近，澳2015-8- 1.Descentprofileshouldbemaintainedinaccordancewiththedistancetoruntotouchdownorthe'baseturn'pointnotifiedbyATC.知的“三转弯”点保持下降剖面2.OnarightcircuitforaPRMapproachtorunway16R,aircraftcannotbeturnedontothebaseleguntiltheyareatornear3000ft.Controllerswillprovideinformationtopilotsonthedistancetoruntotheidealbaseturn 2015-8- 检查单指南(ChecklistPilotsarestronglyadvisedtoreferencecompanyoperatingproceduresbutthefollowinginstructionswillserveasaguidetoaircraftoperatingprocedures.AbbreviatedChecklistPriortoCommencingApproach：ILSPRMApproachPlate-ILSPRM进近航图—BriefforApproachandBreakout-进近和BREAKOUTVHFFrequencies-COMI-SettoVHFCOMIVHFFrequencies-COM2SettoVHFCOM2设置PRM( PilotsmayselectTCASintheTAmodeormaintainRAmodeonreceiptofinstructionstocontacttheTower.TA或保持RA方(FCOM2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- FAAILS/PRM或LDA—LocalizerTypeDirectionalAid：Anapproachofcomparableutilityandaccuracytoalocalizer,butnotpartofacompleteILSandnotalignedwiththerunway.SOIA—SOIAisanacronymforSimultaneousOffsetInstrumentApproach,aprocedureusedtoconductsimultaneousapproachestorunwaysspacedlessthan3000ft,butatleast750ftapart.TheSOIAprocedureutilizesanILS/PRMapproachtoonerunwayandanoffsetLocalizer-TypeDirectionalAid(LDA)/PRMapproachwithglideslopetotheadjacentrunway2015-8- TheSAPisadesignpointalongtheextendedcenterlineoftheintendedlandingrunwayontheglideslopeat500feetabovethelandingthreshold.Itisusedtoverifyasufficientdistanceisprovidedforthevisualmaneuverafterthemissedapproachpoint(MAP)topermitthepilotstoconformtoapproved,stabilizedapproachcriteria.ThepointalongtheLDAwherethecourseseparationwiththeadjacentILSreaches3,000feet.ThealtitudeoftheglideslopeatthatpointdeterminestheapproachminimumdescentaltitudeandiswheretheNTZterminates.ManeuveringinsidetheMAPisdoneinvisualconditions.AngleformedattheintersectionoftheextendedLDArunwaycenterlineandalinedrawnbetweentheLDAMAPandtheSAP.ThesizeoftheangleisdeterminedbytheFAASOIAcomputerdesignprogram,andisdependentonwhetherHeavyaircraftusetheLDAandthespacingbetweentherunways.2015-8- DistancefromMAPtorunwaythresholdinstatute(lightcreditLDAaircraftmustseetherunwaylandingenvironmentand,iflessthanstandardradarseparationexistsbetweentheaircraftontheadjacentILScourse,theLDAaircraftmustvisuallyacquiretheILSaircraftandreportitinsighttoATCpriortotheLDAMAP.Clear2015-8- TheLDA/PRMapproachplatedisplaystherequirednotationsforcloselyspacedapproachesaswellasdepictingthevisualsegmentoftheapproach,andanotethatprovidestheseparationbetweenthetworunwaysusedforsimultaneousoperations.2015-8- ILSPRMRWYPilotTraining Specialpilottrainingrequired.PilotswhoareunabletoparticipatewillbeaffordedappropriatearrivalservicesasoperationalconditionspermitandmustnotifythecontrollingARTCCassoonaspractical,butatleast100fromdestination. 情况下，在距目的地至少100海里的requirepilotstoviewtheFAA“ILSPRMANDSOIAAPPROACHES:INFORMATIONFORAIRCARRIERPILOTS.”Refertoforadditionalinformationandtoviewordownloadthe.要 ：ILSPRM2015-8- ILSPRMRWYCondensedBriefing要点介ListentothePRMmonitorfrequencywhencommunicatingwithNORCALapproachcontrol(135.65),nolaterthanLOCintercept.时，收听PRM ExpecttobeswitchedtoSFOTower(120.5)NEPIC(I-SFO5.3在NEPICI-SFO5.3DME)PRMmonitorfrequencymaybede-selectedafterdeterminingthattheaircraftisonthetowerfrequency.2015-8- ILSPRMRWY自动航 服WhentheATISbroadcastadvisesthatsimultaneousILS/PRMandLDA/PRMapproachesareinprogress,pilotsshouldbrieftoflytheILS/PRM28Lapproach.IflateradvisedtoexpectanILS28Lapproach,theILS/PRM28Lchartmaybeusedaftercompletingthefollowingbriefingitems:ILS/PRM28L的进近简令。如果此后通知预期28LILS进近，在完成下列简令项目之后，可使用ILS/PRM28L（a）Minimumsandmissedapproachproceduresareunchanged.2015-8- ILSPRMRWY自动航 服（b）Monitorfrequencynolonger（c）AdifferentglideslopeinterceptaltitudemaybeassignedwhenadvisedtoexpectILS28Lapproach.（c）当通知预期ILS28L进近时，指Simultaneousparallelapproacheswillonlybeoffered/conductedwhentheweatherisatleast2100feet(ceiling)and4 当云底至少为2100英尺和能见度4时，才会提供/2015-8- ILSPRMRWY双套甚高频通讯要Toavoidblockedtransmissions,eachrunwaywillhavetwofrequencies,aprimaryandamonitorfrequency.TheNORCALapproachcontrollerwilltransmitonbothThePRMMonitorcontroller‘stransmissions,ifneeded,willoverridebothfrequencies.PilotswillONLYtransmitontheapproachcontroller’sfrequency(135.65),butwilllistentobothfrequencies. 2015-8- ILSPRMRWY双套甚高频通讯要SelectthePRMmonitorfrequencyaudioonlywhenincontactwithNORCALapproachcontrol(135.65).Thevolumelevelsshouldbesetaboutthesameonbothradiossothatthepilotswillbeabletoheartransmissionsonatleastonefrequencyiftheotherisblocked.ThePRMmonitorfrequencymaydeselectedpassing通过NEPIC，PRM频率可以取消选2015-8- ILSPRMRWY中断进All"Breakouts"aretobehandToassurethatthemaneuveris intheshortestamountoftime.Pilots,whendirectedbyATCtobreakoffanapproach,mustassumethatanaircraftisblunderingtowardtheircourseandabreakoutmustbeinitiatedimmediay.2015-8- ILSPRMRWY中断进（a）ATCDirected（a）ATC指挥“中断进ATCdirectedbreakoutswillconsistofaturnandaclimbordescent.Pilotsmustalwaysinitiatethebreakoutinresponsetoanairtrafficcontrollerinstruction.Controllerswillgiveadescendingbreakoutonlywhentherearenootherreasonableoptionsavailable,butinnocasewillthedescentbebelowminimumvectoringaltitude(MVA)whichprovidesatleast1,000feetrequiredobstructionclearance.TheMVAinthefinalapproachsegmentis1600feetatSanFranciscoInternationalAirport. （MVA）是1600英尺2015-8- ILSPRMRWY中断进（b）Phraseology-"TRAFFICIfanaircraftentersthe"NOTRANSGRESSIONZONE(NTZ)",thecontrollerwillbreakoutthethreatenedaircraftontheadjacentapproach.Thephraseologyforthebreakoutwillbe:“TRAFFICALERT,(aircraftcallsign)TURN(left/right)IMMEDIAY,HEADING2015-8- ILSPRMRWYDescendingon(notabove)the下降到ILS下滑ensurescomplyingwithanychartedcrossingrestrictionsandassiststrafficontheLDAPRM28RapproachtomitigatepossiblewaketurbulenceencounterswithoutdestabilizingtheLDAapproachandcreatingago-around.能出现的尾流对LDA/PRM28R进近的影2015-8- ILSPRMRWYLDALDA交通活WhileconductingtheILS/PRMapproachtoRunway28L,otheraircraftmaybeconductingtheoffsetLDA/PRMapproachtoRunway28R.Theseaircraftwillapproachfromtheright-rearandwillre-alignwith28RaftermakingvisualcontactwiththeILStraffic.2015-8- 2015-8- PilotTraining Specialpilottrainingrequired.Pilotswhoareunabletoparticipate,ordispatchersontheirbehalf,mustcontactthe mandCenterpriortodeparture(1- or703-904-4452)toobtainanarrivalreservation.Non-participatingpilotsenroutetoSFOasanalternate,ortrainedpilotsthatareunexpectedlyunabletoparticipateduetoin-flightcircumstanceswillbeaffordedappropriatearrivalservicesasoperationalconditionspermit. 2015-8- PilotTraining Non-participatingpilotsshallnotifytheOaklandARTCCassoonaspractical,butatleast100fromSanFranciscoInternationalAirport.未能参与PRM进近 但至少应在距SFO机场100海里.requirepilotstoviewtheFAA要求：ILSPRMANDFORAIRCARRIERPILOTS.”Referforadditionalinformationandtoviewdownloadthe2015-8- CondensedBriefing要点介ListentothePRMmonitorfrequencywhencommunicatingwiththeNORCALapproachcontrol(120.35),nolaterthanLOCintercept.当联系到NORCAL进近频率 ReporttheILStrafficinsightassoonaspracticalandpriortoDARNE.DONOTPASS.ExpecttobeswitchedtoSFOtower(120.5)DARNE(I-FNP4.0在DARNEI-FNP4.0DME)换到SFOtower120.5RemainontheLDAuntilpassing(LDAMAP)soasnottopenetratethe保持LDA直至通过DARNEMAP)，不能进入到非侵入区NTZPRMmonitorfrequencymaybede-selectedafterdeterminingthattheaircraftisontower2015-8- 自动航 服WhentheATISbroadcastadvisesthatsimultaneousILS/PRMandLDA/PRMapproachesareinprogress,pilotsshouldbrieftoflytheLDA/PRM28Rapproach.IflateradvisedtoexpectanLDADME28Rapproach,theLDA/PRM28Rchartmaybeusedaftercompletingthefollowingbriefingitems：LDA/PRM28R的进近简令。如果此后通知预期LDA/DME28R进近，在LDA/PRM28R的图表：(a)Minimumsandmissedapproachproceduresareunchanged.2015-8- （b）Monitorfrequencyno(c)AdifferentglideslopeinterceptaltitudemaybeassignedwhenadvisedtoexpectLDA/DME28Rapproach.当通知预期LDA/DME28R进近时，指定Simultaneousparallelapproacheswillonlybeoffered/conductedwhentheweatherisatleast2100feet(ceiling)and 2015-8- 双套甚高频通讯要Toavoidblockedtransmissions,eachrunwaywillhavetwofrequencies,aprimaryandamonitorfrequency.TheNORCALapproachcontrollerwilltransmitonbothThePRMMonitorcontroller‘stransmissions,ifneeded,willoverridebothfrequencies.PilotswillONLYtransmitontheapproachcontroller’sfrequency(120.35),butwilllistentobothfrequencies. 2015-8- 双套甚高频通讯要SelectthePRMmonitorfrequencyaudioonlywhenincontactwithNORCALapproachcontrol(120.35).Thevolumelevelsshouldbesetaboutthesameonbothradiossothatthepilotswillbeabletoheartransmissionsonatleastonefrequencyiftheotherisblocked.Ifexecutingamissedapproachatbegintherightturnassoonas2015-8- 中断进All"Breakouts"aretobehandToassurethatthemaneuveris in