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NonfiniteVerbs(非谓语动词)NonfiniteVerbs(非谓语动词)1非谓语做主语非谓语做主语2Smokingisprohibitedhere.Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.doing作主语通常表示抽象动作;todo作主语表示具体动作。
doing作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
todo通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.Tobeanathleteishisdream.Smokingisprohibitedhere.doi3Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.It’snogood/nouse/notanyuse/good,uselessdoingsth.There’snodoing….Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.历史车轮不可阻挡。
Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)4Beingstolenisamiserable(痛苦的)experience.主语的复合结构(注意not的位置)it作形式主语Mary’s/Hisnotbeinglateforschool……Hisnothavingbeenthere……Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.过去分词done不可作主语,若主语须表达被动含义,则用beingdoneBeingstolenisamiserable(痛苦5非谓语做宾语非谓语做宾语6不定式的省略1.一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语,如expect/want/hope/wish/love/hate/decide/plan/mean/try/wouldlike/beready/beafraid/beglad等后,动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分,但保留to。I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermydog?Notatall.I'dbegladto.(2)Willyougowithme?Well,I'dliketo.(3)Willyougohometomorrow?No.I'mgoingtoalecture,oratleastIamplanningto.不定式的省略1.一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语,7注意:如若不定式结构中是be或have,需保留be和have(3)Areyouataxidriver?No,Iusedtobe.(4)Hasn’thefinishedwritingthereport?No,butheoughttohave.注意:如若不定式结构中是be或have,需保留be和h82.当like或want在由when/whenever/what/whatever/as/if等引导的状语从句中时,其后往往省略整个动词不定式。(1)Comewheneveryoulike.(2)Tom,don'tbenervous.Takewhateveryouwant!(3)Doanythingasyoulike.(4)Youdon'thavetocomeswimmingifyoudon'twant.2.当like或want在由when/whenever9Icannotbutagreetohisterms.Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Icannotchoosebut________(laugh)Wehadnochoicebut__________(wait)buttodoexcepttodobesidestodootherthantodoCan’tchoosebutdo(只好)Can’thelpbutdoCan’tbutdo当介词but,except,besides以及otherthan前有作为实意动词的do时,不定式的to可以省略。Icannotbutagreetohisterm10非谓语做表语非谓语做表语11做表语主系表todo具体行为表示“愿望,计划,决定”betodo将来时态Mynextplanistodrawapictureforthehouseseem/appear(似乎,好像)prove/turnout(被证明是)remain(仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后
Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsix.(betodo表示安排)doing一般行为通常形容“物”居多bedoing进行时态MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.Thefilmisexciting.Heiseatinganapple.done通常形容“人”居多bedone被动Heismoved.Thejobisdone.Thebookisgone.做表语主系表具体行为Mynextplanist123.Iaskedherifshehadanyroomstolet.
不定式主动形式表被动意义
1.Thehouseis________.2.Sheisnottheperson_________.torenttoblame某些动词的不定式做表语时,其主动形式表达被动含义。常用的有:toblame,toseek,tolet3.Iaskedherifshehadany13不定式做表语的省略:1.Thefirstthingshedid
wasgouptohertrainerandthankherforallherhelpduringhertraining.
2.Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandrest.
3.Whatadictionarydoes
ishelpthestudentstofindoutthemeaningandtheusageofnewwords.不定式做表语的省略:14非谓语做定语非谓语做定语15awounded
soldierthesoldierwoundedinthebattleawoundedsoldier161)Themachine_____(run)bytheoldworkerismadeinShanghai.2)Thewoman_______(talk)toaforeignerisourEnglishteacher.runtalkingdoing表示主动;done表示被动Listen!Thesong
beingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.1)Themachine_____(run)byt172.doing表示动作正在进行done表示动作动作已经结束todo表示将来Thestudentshaveclearedawaythe______(fall)
leaves.fallen2.doing表示动作正在进行Thestudents183.doing说明人或物的性质;表示“令人……的”;done说明人或物的状态,表示“感到……的”1)Shelistenedwitha________(puzzle)expressiononherface.2)The_____________(disappoint)lookreflectedthathewasnotverysatisfiedwithmystudies.puzzleddisappointedanexcitedvoiceaninterestingstoryafrightenedgirl3.doing说明人或物的性质;表示“令人……的”;1)19-ing做定语说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能
readingmaterial
walkingstick
fishingpole
flyingsuit
writingtable
listeningpractice
阅读材料
手杖
鱼杆
飞行服
写字台
听力训练-ing做定语说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能reading20
todo
不定式作定语的相关注意点1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolive
in.Thereisnothingto(担心)
.Pleasegivemeaknifeto(切)
.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.
他没钱没地方住。worry
about
cut
withtodo不定式作定语的相关注意点1.作定语的不定式如果212.在therebe结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式,如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成,则用被动形式。
Thereisalotofworktodo.
(Somebodyhastodothework.)Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)2.在therebe结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去223.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其意义有所不同。
Haveyouanythingtosend?
你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式tosend的动作执行者是you)
Haveyouanythingtobesent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse)3.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式23非谓语做宾补非谓语做宾补24在see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后作宾补:doing表示正在进行的动作do表示动作结束,强调结果done表示其与宾语之间为被动关系主动关系Weheardhersingingthissongwhenwegothere.Weoftenhearthissongsungbyher.在see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后作252.在have,set,keep,leave,get等动词后作宾补
doing表示进行的状态或持续的状态done表示被动关系I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Youshouldn’tkeepyourlightsburningintheday.注意:以上几个动词的用法并不完全相同。2.在have,set,keep,leave,ge263.在使役动词make后作宾补
do表示主动done表示被动Theapproachingexaminationmademestudydayandnight.Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.3.在使役动词make后作宾补273.在with复合结构中作宾补doing表示主动done表示被动todo表示将来Withtheboyleadingustheway,wehadnodifficultyinfindingherhouse.Withhomeworkdone,Jimwentouttoplayfootball.Withsomuchhomeworktodo,Jimhastostayathome.3.在with复合结构中作宾补doing表示主动With28非谓语做状语非谓语做状语29做状语Todo目的,结果,原因Inorderto,soastoSo…asto,such…asto,enoughto…,too…toOnlyto…(不幸的意外的结果)I’mgladtoseeyou./Heshookhisheadasiftosay“Don’ttrusther.”Doing结果,条件,让步,时间,伴随Crossingthestreet,Imetafriend.Whileflyingoverthechannel,thepilotsawabird.done条件,让步,时间,伴随等Giventime,hewouldwin.Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.Havingdone:一个动作在另一动作之前Havingvisitedthefactory,hewenthome.做状语Todo目的,结果,原因Inorderto,301.Therebeingnopen,Ihadtowritealetterwithapencil.2.Timepermitting,I’llgooveralltheselessonsbeforetheexam.3.Theywalkedinthegarden,littlebirdssinginghappilyinthetree.独立主格结构1.Therebeingnopen,Ihadto31注意区别从句与非谓语Workhardandyou’lldobetter.Ifyouworkhard,youwilldobetter.Workinghard,you’lldobetter.Ihaveseveralbooks,oneofwhichisbasedonamovie.Ihaveseveralbooksandoneofthemisbasedonamovie.Ihaveseveralbooks,oneofthembasedonamovie.注意区别从句与非谓语Workhardandyou’ll32做题步骤一、理解句子含义,分析句子结构二、找出逻辑主语,分析语态三、分析时态,做出判断做题步骤一、理解句子含义,分析句子结构33非谓语动词的有关练习Fillintheblanks:
1Iwouldlove_________________(go)tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.Weagreed___________(meet)herebutsofarhehasn’tturnedup.Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret____________(do)that.4Robertissaid___________________(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.5Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp________________(persuade)intobuysomethingtheydon’treallyneed.6Heclaimed________________________(badly,treat)inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.7TheOlympicGames,____________(play)in776BC,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.tohavegonetomeethavingdonetohavestudiedbeingpersuadedtohavebeenbadlytreatedplayed非谓语动词的有关练习Fillintheblanks:348Doyoumind______________________(Jane,leave)aloneathome?9Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee__________________(carryout)thenextyear.10I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______________(expect)inmynewjob.11Shecan’thelp____________(clean)thehousebecauseshe‘sbusymakingacake.12Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesget___________(pay)bythehour.13___________(give)thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.14IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestherearemoremagnificentthancommonly_________________(suppose).15Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?___________(get)enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.16Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____________________(not,make)itmoredifficult.Jane’sbeingleftcarriedouttoexpecttocleanpaidGivensupposedTogetnottomake8Doyoumind________________3517LastsummerItookacourseonhow_________(make)adresses.Howaboutthetwoofus__________(take)awalkdownthere?Thepatientwaswarned____________(eat)oilyfoodaftertheoperation.Thestudentswouldlove_____________(take)forapicnic.Robertissaid________________(write)abook,butIdon’tknowwhenhecanfinishit.Thispageneeds____________________________(check)again.Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?Oh,excellent.It’sworth___________(read)asecondtime.Hehasalwaysinsistedontheman__________(call)Dr.TurnerinsteadofMrTurner.After____________(check),theproductsleavethefactory.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoas____________(not,lose)thejob.___________(excite),shecouldn’tfallasleep.28Noonecanstopearthquake______________(happen).29Bequick!Theyhavethecar___________(wait)outside.tomaketakingnottoeattobetakentobewritingchecking/tobecheckedreadingbeingcalledbeingcheckednottoloseExcitedhappeningwaiting17LastsummerItookacourse3630Don’thavehim_________(work)alldaylong.IcanhelphimbecauseI’vegotnothing__________(do)thesedays.31Thosewhohavequestions___________(ask),_________(raise)yourhands.Thisroomisused_____________(store)food.Thepilotisquiteused___________(fly)inallkindsofweather.ThepostcardIhadbeenlookingforwardto___________(reach)meyesterday.Wedon’tneed_______________(leave)soearly.Theyspentthewholenight,_________(lock)intheoldhouse.When__________(ask)whyhewaslate,hejustkeptsilent.Themanjumpedintotheriveranddideverythinghecould__________(save)the__________(drown)boy.Wemustpayattentiontotheproblemhereferred______________________(make)fewermistakesinourfuturework.Specialattentionhasbeenpaidto___________(find)theanswertotheproblem.workingtodotoaskraisetostoretoflyingreachedtoleavelockedaskedtosavedrowningtotomakefinding30Don’thavehim_________(wor37NonfiniteVerbs(非谓语动词)NonfiniteVerbs(非谓语动词)38非谓语做主语非谓语做主语39Smokingisprohibitedhere.Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.doing作主语通常表示抽象动作;todo作主语表示具体动作。
doing作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
todo通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.Tobeanathleteishisdream.Smokingisprohibitedhere.doi40Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.It’snogood/nouse/notanyuse/good,uselessdoingsth.There’snodoing….Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.历史车轮不可阻挡。
Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)41Beingstolenisamiserable(痛苦的)experience.主语的复合结构(注意not的位置)it作形式主语Mary’s/Hisnotbeinglateforschool……Hisnothavingbeenthere……Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.过去分词done不可作主语,若主语须表达被动含义,则用beingdoneBeingstolenisamiserable(痛苦42非谓语做宾语非谓语做宾语43不定式的省略1.一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语,如expect/want/hope/wish/love/hate/decide/plan/mean/try/wouldlike/beready/beafraid/beglad等后,动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分,但保留to。I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermydog?Notatall.I'dbegladto.(2)Willyougowithme?Well,I'dliketo.(3)Willyougohometomorrow?No.I'mgoingtoalecture,oratleastIamplanningto.不定式的省略1.一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语,44注意:如若不定式结构中是be或have,需保留be和have(3)Areyouataxidriver?No,Iusedtobe.(4)Hasn’thefinishedwritingthereport?No,butheoughttohave.注意:如若不定式结构中是be或have,需保留be和h452.当like或want在由when/whenever/what/whatever/as/if等引导的状语从句中时,其后往往省略整个动词不定式。(1)Comewheneveryoulike.(2)Tom,don'tbenervous.Takewhateveryouwant!(3)Doanythingasyoulike.(4)Youdon'thavetocomeswimmingifyoudon'twant.2.当like或want在由when/whenever46Icannotbutagreetohisterms.Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Icannotchoosebut________(laugh)Wehadnochoicebut__________(wait)buttodoexcepttodobesidestodootherthantodoCan’tchoosebutdo(只好)Can’thelpbutdoCan’tbutdo当介词but,except,besides以及otherthan前有作为实意动词的do时,不定式的to可以省略。Icannotbutagreetohisterm47非谓语做表语非谓语做表语48做表语主系表todo具体行为表示“愿望,计划,决定”betodo将来时态Mynextplanistodrawapictureforthehouseseem/appear(似乎,好像)prove/turnout(被证明是)remain(仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后
Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsix.(betodo表示安排)doing一般行为通常形容“物”居多bedoing进行时态MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.Thefilmisexciting.Heiseatinganapple.done通常形容“人”居多bedone被动Heismoved.Thejobisdone.Thebookisgone.做表语主系表具体行为Mynextplanist493.Iaskedherifshehadanyroomstolet.
不定式主动形式表被动意义
1.Thehouseis________.2.Sheisnottheperson_________.torenttoblame某些动词的不定式做表语时,其主动形式表达被动含义。常用的有:toblame,toseek,tolet3.Iaskedherifshehadany50不定式做表语的省略:1.Thefirstthingshedid
wasgouptohertrainerandthankherforallherhelpduringhertraining.
2.Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandrest.
3.Whatadictionarydoes
ishelpthestudentstofindoutthemeaningandtheusageofnewwords.不定式做表语的省略:51非谓语做定语非谓语做定语52awounded
soldierthesoldierwoundedinthebattleawoundedsoldier531)Themachine_____(run)bytheoldworkerismadeinShanghai.2)Thewoman_______(talk)toaforeignerisourEnglishteacher.runtalkingdoing表示主动;done表示被动Listen!Thesong
beingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.1)Themachine_____(run)byt542.doing表示动作正在进行done表示动作动作已经结束todo表示将来Thestudentshaveclearedawaythe______(fall)
leaves.fallen2.doing表示动作正在进行Thestudents553.doing说明人或物的性质;表示“令人……的”;done说明人或物的状态,表示“感到……的”1)Shelistenedwitha________(puzzle)expressiononherface.2)The_____________(disappoint)lookreflectedthathewasnotverysatisfiedwithmystudies.puzzleddisappointedanexcitedvoiceaninterestingstoryafrightenedgirl3.doing说明人或物的性质;表示“令人……的”;1)56-ing做定语说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能
readingmaterial
walkingstick
fishingpole
flyingsuit
writingtable
listeningpractice
阅读材料
手杖
鱼杆
飞行服
写字台
听力训练-ing做定语说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能reading57
todo
不定式作定语的相关注意点1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolive
in.Thereisnothingto(担心)
.Pleasegivemeaknifeto(切)
.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.
他没钱没地方住。worry
about
cut
withtodo不定式作定语的相关注意点1.作定语的不定式如果582.在therebe结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式,如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成,则用被动形式。
Thereisalotofworktodo.
(Somebodyhastodothework.)Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)2.在therebe结构中,当说话人考虑的是必须有人去593.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式既可以用主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其意义有所不同。
Haveyouanythingtosend?
你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式tosend的动作执行者是you)
Haveyouanythingtobesent?
你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse)3.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式60非谓语做宾补非谓语做宾补61在see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后作宾补:doing表示正在进行的动作do表示动作结束,强调结果done表示其与宾语之间为被动关系主动关系Weheardhersingingthissongwhenwegothere.Weoftenhearthissongsungbyher.在see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后作622.在have,set,keep,leave,get等动词后作宾补
doing表示进行的状态或持续的状态done表示被动关系I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Youshouldn’tkeepyourlightsburningintheday.注意:以上几个动词的用法并不完全相同。2.在have,set,keep,leave,ge633.在使役动词make后作宾补
do表示主动done表示被动Theapproachingexaminationmademestudydayandnight.Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.3.在使役动词make后作宾补643.在with复合结构中作宾补doing表示主动done表示被动todo表示将来Withtheboyleadingustheway,wehadnodifficultyinfindingherhouse.Withhomeworkdone,Jimwentouttoplayfootball.Withsomuchhomeworktodo,Jimhastostayathome.3.在with复合结构中作宾补doing表示主动With65非谓语做状语非谓语做状语66做状语Todo目的,结果,原因Inorderto,soastoSo…asto,such…asto,enoughto…,too…toOnlyto…(不幸的意外的结果)I’mgladtoseeyou./Heshookhisheadasiftosay“Don’ttrusther.”Doing结果,条件,让步,时间,伴随Crossingthestreet,Imetafriend.Whileflyingoverthechannel,thepilotsawabird.done条件,让步,时间,伴随等Giventime,hewouldwin.Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.Havingdone:一个动作在另一动作之前Havingvisitedthefactory,hewenthome.做状语Todo目的,结果,原因Inorderto,671.Therebeingnopen,Ihadtowritealetterwithapencil.2.Timepermitting,I’llgooveralltheselessonsbeforetheexam.3.Theywalkedinthegarden,littlebirdssinginghappilyinthetree.独立主格结构1.Therebeingnopen,Ihadto68注意区别从句与非谓语Workhardandyou’lldobetter.Ifyouworkhard,youwilldobetter.Workinghard,you’lldobetter.Ihaveseveralbooks,oneofwhichisbasedonamovie.Ihaveseveralbooksandoneofthemisbasedonamovie.Ihaveseveralbooks,oneofthembasedonamovie.注意区别从句与非谓语Workhardandyou’ll69做题步骤一、理解句子含义,分析句子结构二、找出逻辑主语,分析语态三、分析时态,做出判断做题步骤一、理解句子含义,分析句子结构70非谓语动词的有关练习Fillintheblanks:
1Iwouldlove_________________(go)tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.Weagreed___________(meet)herebutsofarhehasn’tturnedup.Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.Well,nowIregret____________(do)that.4Robertissaid___________________(study)abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.5Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp________________(persuade)intobuysomethingtheydon’treallyneed.6Heclaimed________________________(badly,treat)inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.7TheOlympicGames,____________(play)in776BC,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.tohavegonetomeethavingdonetohavestudiedbeingpersuadedtohavebeenbadlytreatedplayed非谓语动词的有关练习Fillintheblanks:718Doyoumind______________________(Jane,leave)aloneathome?9Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee__________________(carryout)thenextyear.10I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______________(expect)inmynewjob.11Shecan’thelp____________(clean)thehousebecauseshe‘sbusymakingacake.12Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesget___________(pay)bythehour.13___________(give)thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.14IfyougotoXi’an,you’llfindthepalacestherearemoremagnificentthancommonly_________________(suppose).15Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?___________(get)enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.16Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesisto
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