2023学年完整版高中英语3Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCount -

Passage1TheDefinitionoftheHumanDevelopmentReportTheHumanDevelopmentReport(HDR)isanannualreportpublishedbytheUnitedNations,aimingatraisingawarenessabouthumandevelopmentaroundtheworld.Itpresentsthecurrentsituationrelatedtoglobaldevelopment,pointsouttheproblemsandseeksforwaystosolvetheseproblems.ThereareglobalHumanDevelopmentReports,suchasHumanDevelopmentReport2023:Fightingclimatechange,nationalHumanDevelopmentReports,suchasNationalHumanDevelopment2023:China,andregional（区域的）HumanDevelopmentReports,suchasRegionalHumanDevelopmentReport2023:Africa.Passage2TheHumanDevelopmentReportIntheyear2000,147worldleadersagreedtoworktogethertoreducepovertyby2023orearlier.FromthisagreementcametheHumanDevelopmentReport.OneofthemostimportantsectionsofthisreportistheHumanDevelopmentIndex.Thisexaminestheachievementsof175countries.TheIndexmeasuresacountry’sachievementsinthreeways:lifeexpectancy(howlongpeopleusuallylive),educationandincome.Theindexhassomesurprises.Norwayisatthetopofthelist,whiletheUSisatnumber7.Theotherfivecountriesare:Iceland(2),Sweden(3),Australia(4),theNetherlands(5).TheUKisinthethirteenthposition,whileChinaisinthemiddleofthelist.ThebottomtencountriesareallAfricancountries,withSierraLeone(inWestAfrica)atthebottomofthelist.ThereportdescribeseightDevelopmentGoals.Themostimportantgoalsareto:·reducepovertyandhunger;·makesurethatallchildrenhaveeducationuptotheageof11;·fightAIDSandotherdiseases;·improvetheenvironmentofpoorpeople,.makesuretheyhavesafedrinkingwater,·encouragedevelopedcountriestogivemorehelptoothercountries.The2023HumanDevelopmentReportgivesexamplesofsuccessfuldevelopment.Forexample,innineyears(1953-1962)，Chinaincreasedlifeexpectancyby13years.InthelasttenyearsinChina,150millionpeoplemovedoutofpoverty.However,thechallengesarestillgreat.Everyday799millionpeopleindevelopingcountriesarehungry.OverhalfoftheseareinSouthAsiaorAfrica.Althoughmorethan80%ofchildrenindevelopingcountriesgotoprimaryschool,about115millionchildrenarenotbeingeducated.Morethan1billionpeopleindevelopingcountriesdonotdrinksafewater.However,inotherregionsoftheworld,suchasEasternEurope,waterisnowmostlysafetodrink.Thereportshowsthatwearemakingsomeprogressbutthatweneedtomakegreaterefforts.Althoughdevelopedcountriesgivesomefinancialhelp,theyneedtogivemuchmore.Interestingly,thecountriesthatgivethemostmoneyaretheNetherlands,NorwayandSweden.Theseareamongthefiverichestcountriesintheworld,soitisrightthattheyshoulddoso.Passage3ImportantFactorsinAHumanDevelopmentReportTherearemanyfactorswhichareusedinaHumanDevelopmentReporttomeasurethelevelofdevelopmentofacountry,themostimportanttwoofwhichincludetheHumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)andGDPpercapita(人均国内生产总值）.HDIisameasurementsystemdevelopedbytheUNtomeasurethelevelofthesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofacountry.Itconsistsofthreeareas:income,educationandlifeexpectancy.Throughanalysisofthefiguresoftheseareas,herecomestheHDIscore.Generallyspeaking,thehighertheHDIscoreis,themoreprosperous(繁荣的)thecountryis.GDPisthetotalvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedinacountryforaparticularperiod,mostlyyearly.GDPpercapitaisgotbydividingGDPbythetotalpopulation.IftheGDPpercapitaofacountryishigh,thecountryismoredeveloped.Insomecases,there’sahugedifferencebetweenGDPandGDPpercapita.Forinstance,GDPofChinaisveryclosetothatoftheUSeconomy,however,GDPpercapitaofChinafallswaybehindtheUSbecauseofitshugepopulation.Passage4DataPresentingtheLevelofDevelopmentRecentlytheUnitedNationshasreleasedthedatawhichshowsthelevelofdevelopmentaroundtheworldin2023.Herearesomeexamples.Part1Table12023HumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)RankingRankCountryHumanDevelopmentIndex(score)Education(years)Income(dollar)Lifeexpectancy(years)1Norway68,01213UnitedStates54,94186China15,270184SierraLeone1,240HumanDevelopmentIndex,UN,2023Table22023GDPPerCapitaRankingRankCountryGDPpercapita(dollar)GDP(billiondollar)Population(thousand)1Luxembourg114,2346886009UnitedStates62,606204,941327,35072China9,608134,0741,395,380183SierraLeone516397,570HumanDevelopmentDatabank,UN,2023Part2Somerelateddatain1990hasalsobeenlisted,fromwhichwecanseethedevelopmentofChina.Table3ChinaDevelopmentData(1990-2023)YearHumanDevelopmentIndex(score)Education(years)Lifeexpectancy(years)Income(dollar)GDP(billiondollar)GDPpercapita(dollar)19901,592398317202315,270134,0749,608HumanDevelopmentDatabank,UN,2023In2023,Norway’saverageeducationyearsisyears,abouttimeslongerthanthatinChina.However,from1990to2023,theaverageeducationyearshasincreasedfromyearstoyears.It’sgrownby%,fromyears,since1990,which