人教版八年级下英语5单元知识点

Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?SectionAWhatwerepeopledoingyesterdayatthetimeoftherainstorm?昨天当暴风雨来［解析1】过去进行时【解析1】atthetimeof在的时候（常用于过去进行时）【解析2】rainstormn暴风雨raincoat雨衣raindrop雨滴Myalarmdidn'tgooffsoIuplate.我的闹钟没有响，因此晚了。［解析1】alarmn闹钟analarmclock—个闹钟【解析2】gooff发出响声，（闹钟）闹响，离开5.Icalledatsevenandyoudidn'tpickup.我七点钟给你打电话，你没有接。【解析】pickup接电话pickup接电话Tom,Icalledyou,butyoudidn'tpickup捡起；拾起Ipickupawalletonmywayhome（开车）接某人Iwillpickyouupatthestation学到；获得Hewaspickinguptheskillsquickly.That'sstrange.真奇怪.【解析】strangeadj.奇怪的—strangelyadv奇怪地fstrangern陌生人bestrangeto对……感到陌生strange奇怪的It'sstrangethatshecametotheparty.陌生的Hestandsinastrangerstreet.Withnolightoutside,itfeltlikemidnight.外面没有一丝光亮，让人感觉这是在午夜。【解析1】with+n+adv，在句中做伴随状语with+n+adj.Shecanseestarsinthedarkskywiththewindowopen【解析2】feellikedoingsth=wouldlike/wanttodosth想要做某事Ifeellike（catch）aclodtoday.&ThenewsonTVreportedthataheavyrainstormwasinthearea.电视新闻报道，这个地区有一场大暴雨。【解析】reportv报道freportern记者makeareport做报告weatherreport天气预报giveareport作报告It'sreportedthat...据报道Iwanttobea（report）whenIgrowup.so,whentherainstormsuddenlycame,whatwereyoudoing?那么，当暴风雨突然来临的时候，你正在做什么呢？【解析】so的用法：无实际意义，表示惊讶或领会，引出后面内容做语气词So,youwerethefirstonetoentertheclassroom.Heransofastthatnoonecouldcatchupwithhim.sothat+从句“以便，为了..”IfixedtheTVsothatwecanwatchittonightIsee.Icalledagainateightandyoudidn'tanswertheneither.我八点钟又给你打电话，你也没有接。【解析1】Isee.我知道了。(表示通过别人提醒而明白、了解)()—It'sbadforyoureyestoreadinthesun.A.I'mOKB.Idon'tknowC.I'msorryD.Isee【拓展】seesb.dosth看到某人做某事seesb.doingsth看到某人正在做某事【解析2】either也【辨析】also/tog/aswel|/eitheralso也，用于肯定句句中，用在实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。too也，用于肯定句句末(3)either也，通常放于否定句末【练习】用either,also,too,aswell填空TOC\o"1-5"\h\zTomcansingthissong.Icansingit,.Tomcansingthissong,Icansingit.Tomcansingthissong,Icansingit.Tomcouldn'tsingthissong,Icouldn't/.()@Hecan'tswim.Ican't,.A.tooB.alsoC.eitherD.neitherBen'sdadwasputtingpiecesofwoodoverthewindowswhilehismomwasmakingswetheflashlightsandradiowereworking.本的爸爸正在把木头块搭在窗户上面,而他的妈妈正在确保手电筒和收音机能正常使用。【解析1】while当的时候()AmywasreadingabookIcamein.A.whenB.whileC.becauseD.though()thechildrenhavefun,parentscantakedancelessonsonthebeach.A.WhenB.IfC.WhileD.Once【解析2】makesure确信：确保makesuretodosthPleasemakesuretoturnoffthecomputerwhenyouleave.makesureofDoyouknowthetimeofthetrain?You'dbettermakesureofit.()Therearen'tmanyticketsleftfortheconcert,you'dbetterthatyougetonetoday.A.makesureofB.makeadecisionC.makesureD.makeplans【解析3】work运转：发挥作用Themadicinedoesn'twork・【拓展】work有三个意思很容易弄混：表示“工作”，是不可数名词：Hehastoomuchworktodo.他要做的工作太多。workfworker⑵表示“著作”或“作品”，是可数名词，但多用复数：HehasreadmanyofHemingway'sworks.⑶表示“工厂”，只用复数形式，但可表示单数意义：Theglassworks(=factory)is[are]nearthestation.玻璃工厂在车站附近。Benwashelpinghismommakedinnerwhentherainbegantobeatheavilyagainstthewindows.当雨点开始重重地打在窗户上的时候，本正在帮助他的妈妈做晚饭。【解析1】.beat与win辨析Webeatthembythescoreof2to1.我们以2:1赢了他们。Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?哪个对赢了那场足球赛？【解析2】heavily在很大程度上：大量地【拓展】heavyadj重的(反)lightfheavilyadv猛烈地【注】形容雨雪下得大用heavily/hard【解析3】against倚：碰：撞⑴表示“反对”，其反义词为for。若表示“强烈反对”，一般用副词strongly：Areyoufororagainsttheplan?你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?⑵表示位置，意为“靠着”、“顶着”、等：Theteacher'sdeskisagainstthewall.老师的办公桌靠墙放着。Hestoodleaningagainstthetree.他站着斜靠在墙上。Bencouldnotsleepatfirst.起初，本睡不着。【解析】atfirst首先；最初【拓展】(1)atfirst=atthebeginning最初，开始【强调在时间顺序或做某事过程等开始之初】(2)firstofall首先，第一【表明陈述事情的重要性】Hefinallyfellasleepwhenthewindwasdyingdownataround3:00a.m.在大约凌晨三点逐渐减弱的时候，本终于睡着了。【解析1】fallasleep进入梦乡：睡着beasleep强调睡着的状态Thebabyisasleepfallasleep强调入睡的动作Myfatherwassotiredthathefellasleepquickly【拓展】fallasleep,sleep,gotosleep,gettosleep,gotobed用法区别。(1)fallasleep属“连系动词+表语”结构，“入睡：睡着”，指进入梦乡，往往含有“不知不觉就睡着了“的意思。asleep在此作表语形容词。Hewasjustfallingasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatthedoor.他刚要入睡时，这时传来了响亮的敲门声。⑵sleep指睡觉时的一种状态，是一个延续性的动词。Helikestosleepforanhourintheafternoon.他喜欢在下午睡上一个小时。⑶gotosleep意为“入睡，睡着”，强调从开始睡到睡着的过程。Ijustwanttoclosemyeyesandgotosleepasquicklyaspossible.我只是想闭上眼睛，尽快地睡上一觉。⑷gettosleep与gotosleep意思相近，但它强调的是进入睡眠状态。Shewastooexcitedtogettosleeplastnight.她昨晚因太激动而不能入睡。⑸gotobed“就寝”，“上床睡觉”，指上床去睡这个动作，与getup相对应。Thestudentsinourschoolusuallygetupatsixinthemorningandgotobedathalfpastnineintheevening.我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床，晚上九点半睡觉。【记】Hewenttobedattenlastnight,buthedidn'tgotosleepuntil.Heonlyfellasleepfor5hours.【解析2】diedown逐渐变弱：逐渐消失【拓展】diedown与dieout的用法区别：指火的熄灭时，用diedown或dieout皆可。diedown往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭，植物慢慢死亡这一过程；dieout则指熄灭这一事实，而且不及diedown用的普遍。diedown:反映风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。dieout:指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。Thiskindofbirdhasdiedoutintheworld.这种鸟已经在世界上灭绝了。Whenhewokeup.thesunwasrising.当他醒来的时候，太阳已经升起来了。【解析1】wakeup(v+adv)醒来：睡醒【解析2】rise增加：提高：增强：上升，升起rise升起：上升主语自身移向较高位置Pricerosegraduallyraise举起：提高主语发出的动作作用于其他事物Let'sraiseourglassestoTom.Fallentrees,brokenwindowsandrubbishwereeverywhere.到处都是倒下的树，破碎的窗户和垃圾。【解析1】过去分词做定语fallenleaves落叶【解析2】everywhere处处，到处：各个地方Wehavemanyfriendseverywhereintheworldsomewhere某个地方多用于肯定句中Youcangosomewhereyouliketo.anywhere任何地方否定句Youcan'tgoanywhere疑问句CanIgoanywhereIchooseTheyjoinedtheneighborstohelpcleanuptheneighhoodtogether.他们加入到邻居们中，一起打扫社区。【解析】join加入：参加【辨析】join/joinin/takepartinjoin=beamemberof参加，指加入某种组织，并成为其中的一员。jointhearmy/party入伍/党jointheclub加入俱乐部joinin后接活动名称joinsb.加入到某个人群之中takepartin参加，指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。turnontheradio打开收音机【解析】turnon打开(反)turnoff关掉Whenwegottotheplaceoftheaccident,thecarwasinbadshapefromhittingatree.当我们到达事故现场的时候，看到汽车由于撞在了树上，已经变了些。【解析】getto到达getfgo—gottenv得至0【辨析】get/reach/arrivegetto+地点=arrivein/at+地点=reach+地点geton上车getup起床getusedto习惯于getalongwithsb与某人相处融洽gettogether相聚SectionB.Whateventhappenedattheschoolyesterday?昨天学校发生了什么事？【解析】happen发生：碰巧(指偶然性发生)(1)happenv“发生”没有被动语态，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性sth,happentosb.某事发生在某人身上Whathappenedtoyou?=Whatwaswrongwithhim?sb.happentodosth.某人碰巧做某事Shehappened(be)outwhenwecalled.takeplace发生，指事情有计划有安排地发生Thesportsmeetingtookplaceinourschoollastweek.Ithappenedthat...碰巧Katerealizedherbagwasstillathome.凯特意识到她的包还在家。【解析】realizev意识到⑴realize+nshedidn'trealizehermistake.⑵realize+从句Ididn'trealizethatyouweresounhappy.RobertAllenisnowoeer50,buthewasaschoolpupilatthattime.罗柏特.艾伦现在已经50多岁了，但那时候他还只是一名小学生。【解析】over=morethan超过Whentheschoolbasketballcompetitionstarted,Katewasstillmakinghersay切school.当学校篮球比赛开始的时候，凯特还在去学校的路上。【解析】makeone'swayto...在某人去的路上（当后接地点副词时，应省略介词to）Ourteachersaid,“Dr.Kingdiedjust10minutesago.”我们的老师说:“金先生10分钟前去世了"。【解析】一段时间+ago之前，用于一般过去时Wewerecompletelysurprised!我们完全震惊了！【解析】completev完成adj.完整的fcompletely彻底地：完全地Myparentsdidnottalkafterthat,andwefinishedtherestofourdinnerinsilence.之后我的父母没再讲话，我们在沉默中吃完了晚饭。【解析】therestof...“其余的，剩下的",做主语时，其谓语动词的数要与therestof修饰的名词一致。Therestofmeatgoesbad.Therestofworkersarestillworkinghard.Schoolclosedfortheday,andRobertandhisfriendswalkedhomeinsilence.学校停课一天，罗柏特和他的朋友们沉默地走回了家。【解析】silencen沉默fsilent沉默：缄默：无声insilence沉默地、无声地=silentlykeepsilent保持沉默Morerecently,mostAmericansrememberwhattheyweredoingwhentheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwastakendownbyterrorists.最近,大部分美国人还记得当纽约世贸大楼被恐怖分子袭击的时候自己在做什么。【解析1】remembertodosth与rememberdoingsth的用法区别。⑴remembertodosth记得去做某事(此事还未做)Remembertoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.当你离开房间的时候记得关灯。(2)rememberdoingsth记得做过某事(此事已做完)IrememberturningoffthelightwhenIlefttheroom.我记得离开房间时关灯了。【解析2】takedown拆掉：拆毁【解析3】terrorn.恐怖fterrorist恐怖分子befullofterror充满恐怖【拓展】artn.艺术fartistn.艺术家sciencen.科学fscientist科学家pianon.钢琴fpianistn.钢琴家IwassoscaredthatIcouldhardlythinkclearlyafterthat.我很害怕以至于后来我几乎无法正常思考。【解析】hardly几乎不：绝不Robertandhisfriendsseresurprisedtohearthenews.罗柏特和他的朋友们听到这则消息感到很吃惊。【解析1】besurprisedtodosth做某事很吃惊【解析2】hear的用法hear意为''听见”,强调听的结果。【结构】：hearsb.dosth听见某人做某事：hearsb.doingsth听见某人正在做某事Katedidn'tthinkherfriendwastellingthetruthabouttheevent.凯特认为对于这次事件她朋友没有说出真相。【解析】trueadj.真的ftrulyadv.真地ftruth实情：事实tobetruthn.真相honest=totell(you)thetruth老实说：说实话二、重点句型—Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight?昨晚8点你在干什么？—Iwastakingashower.我在洗淋浴。Whenitbegantorain,Benwashelpinghismommakedinner.当开始下雨的时候,本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。—WhatwasJe