研究方法与论文写作-课件

WelcometotheCourseResearchMethodsandThesisWriting

WelcometotheCourseResearch1ContentsThesisWritingAnOverviewofThesisWritingContentsThesisWritingAn2Howmanyaspectsdoesthebodyfallinto?--Fiveparts(orfivechapters)(1)Introduction(2)Literaturereview

(3)Methodology

(4)Results(5)Conclusion

BodyPartBodyPart3AgeneralremarkaboutMethodology:TheMethodologychapterpresentsadetaileddescriptionofthewayyourproposedstudyisconducted.Thedescriptionshouldbeexplicit,transparentandsufficientlydetailed

(清晰，明了，详实）.Byreadingthischapter,thereadercaneasilyvisualizeyourresearchprocessandreplicateyourstudyifhe/shewhishesto.(读者可以详细了解整个研究过程，也可以根据所描述的程序，重复此项研究)Itiseasytowritethispart,comparedtoaliteraturereview,however,itisdifficulttomeettherequirementsofexplicitness,transparencyandsufficiencyindetail.DescribingMethodology撰写研究方法AgeneralremarkaboutMethodo4

DescribingMethodologyMajorcomponents(主要内容）1.Introduction2.Generalandspecificresearchquestions/hypotheses研究问题或研究假设3.Informationaboutsubjects研究对象4.Instruments研究工具5.Data-collection数据收集程序6.Data-analysis数据分析程序7.Limitations研究的局限性DescribingMethodology5Howtodescribethemethodologychapterindifferentdesigns?

Asweknow,astudymayemploythedesignofasurveystudy,oranexperimentalstudy,oracasestudy,oracombination.Regardlessoftheresearchdesign,theheadingsorcomponentsarethesameforthedescriptionofeachdesignbutwithdifferentcontent(但是描述每个研究设计的标题基本相同).Whatifastudyemploystwodifferenttypesofdesign?

Insuchacase,acommonpracticeistodescribethetwodesignsseparately.Thatis,youmayhavetwosectionsortwochapters:onesection/chapteronthesurveystudyandtheotheronacasestudy.DescribingMethodologyHowtodescribethemethodolog6Let’sdiscussthewritingofeachcomponent,whiletakingintoaccountthedifferencesindescribingdifferenttypesofdesign.1.IntroductionparagraphThechapterbeginswithanintroductoryparagraphinwhichthespecificationofresearchdesignisfollowedbyanoveralldescriptionoftheorganizationofthissection/chapter.(研究方法的引言简要介绍研究设计和这一章的总体框架）Whatisthelengthofthisintroductionparagraphonresearchdesign?--Onlyoneortwoshortsentences.Forexample:DescribingMethodologyLet’sdiscussthewritingofe7WritingIntroductiontoyourresearchdesign

撰写研究方法中的引言

“为了弄清学习策略与专业英语四级考试成绩之间的关系，本研究对来自5所大学的300名英语专业的学生进行了问卷调查。”(P.275)也可以这样写：“本研究使用问卷调查的方式来探索使用语言学习策略与外语成绩之间的关系。”Thegeneralorganizationisasortofanadvanceorganizer(先行组织/前导组织）thatpreparereadersforwhatistofollow.Youmaydescribetheorganizationintermsof

thefirst-levelheadingswithouttheneedtoprovidedetailedcontentwithineachsubheading.

写总体框架的目的是让读者了解这一章的大致情况，其描述只限于第一层次的标题(一级标题），不必提供详细内容（不必介绍到二级标题）。WritingIntroductiontoyourr8Researchquestionsandhypothesis2.General/Specificresearchquestions/hypothesis

总的/具体的研究问题或假设

Inthissection,allthegeneralquestions

arepresentedtogetherwiththespecificquestions.Ifyouhaveformedhypothesesinsteadofquestions,then,youshouldlistallthehypotheses.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthissection?Thissectionservestwopurposes.Thefirstistogivethereaderclearinformationaboutwhatquestionsthestudyisintendedtoaddress

(目的一是让读者了解要研究的问题；Researchquestionsandhypothe9ResearchquestionsandhypothesisWhatisthepurposeofwritingthissection?

ThesecondistoprovideaframeworkfortheResultChapter(第二是为后面“研究结果和讨论”这一章提供框架).Note1:

AllthequestionsappearinginthissectionneedtobeansweredintheResultsChapter.Problemswithgraduatestudents:

TheyoftenforgettorefertowhathasbeenwritteninthissectionwhentheywritetheResultsChapter.Asaresult,theResultsChapterdoesnotcoverallthequestions，ortheorderofquestionspresentedisnotthesameasthatinthissection(报告研究结果与研究问题的顺序也不一致）.Researchquestionsandhypothe10ResearchquestionsandhypothesisNote2:TenseandWordinginthissection

DifferentfromtheothersectionsinthisChapter(Methodchapter),allthequestions/hypothesesarestatedinthepresenttenseratherthaninthepasttense;

Thewordinginquestion(研究问题中的措辞）shouldbeclearandprecise,andeachquestionshouldaddressoneissue.Whyarethequestions/hypothesesinthissection,quiteoften,notthesameasweredevelopedatthebeginningofyourresearch?

Thereasonsarevarious.First,datamaybeanalyzedandreanalyzedmanytimesbeforetheyouaresatisfied.

Researchquestionsandhypothe11e.g.yourhypothesismaybethat“thereisnorelationshipb.t.risk-takingandL2achievement”.Theresultcouldnotrejectedthenullhypothesis(你的研究结果证明不能排除零假设).Thenyouchooseageasamoderatorvariable(调节变量）tomakeafurtheranalysis.Accordingly,youaddonemorequestioninthissection,i.e.“Istherelationshipb.t.risk-takingandL2achievementaffectedbyage?Whatisthealternativewaytotheproblem?Inanothercase,youmaydeleteoneortworesearchquestionsdevelopedearliersimplybecauseyourealizedtherewouldbetoomuchtoreportifallthequestionsareincluded.Researchquestionsandhypothesise.g.yourhypothesismaybeth12SubjectsWhatisthedifferenceb.t.subjectsandparticipants?Whattowriteaboutinthesectionofsubjects?P.276SubjectsWhatisthedifference13ThankYou!ResearchMethodsandThesisWritingThankYou!ResearchMethods14WelcometotheCourseResearchMethodsandThesisWriting

WelcometotheCourseResearch15ContentsThesisWritingAnOverviewofThesisWritingContentsThesisWritingAn16Howmanyaspectsdoesthebodyfallinto?--Fiveparts(orfivechapters)(1)Introduction(2)Literaturereview

(3)Methodology

(4)Results(5)Conclusion

BodyPartBodyPart17AgeneralremarkaboutMethodology:TheMethodologychapterpresentsadetaileddescriptionofthewayyourproposedstudyisconducted.Thedescriptionshouldbeexplicit,transparentandsufficientlydetailed

(清晰，明了，详实）.Byreadingthischapter,thereadercaneasilyvisualizeyourresearchprocessandreplicateyourstudyifhe/shewhishesto.(读者可以详细了解整个研究过程，也可以根据所描述的程序，重复此项研究)Itiseasytowritethispart,comparedtoaliteraturereview,however,itisdifficulttomeettherequirementsofexplicitness,transparencyandsufficiencyindetail.DescribingMethodology撰写研究方法AgeneralremarkaboutMethodo18

DescribingMethodologyMajorcomponents(主要内容）1.Introduction2.Generalandspecificresearchquestions/hypotheses研究问题或研究假设3.Informationaboutsubjects研究对象4.Instruments研究工具5.Data-collection数据收集程序6.Data-analysis数据分析程序7.Limitations研究的局限性DescribingMethodology19Howtodescribethemethodologychapterindifferentdesigns?

Asweknow,astudymayemploythedesignofasurveystudy,oranexperimentalstudy,oracasestudy,oracombination.Regardlessoftheresearchdesign,theheadingsorcomponentsarethesameforthedescriptionofeachdesignbutwithdifferentcontent(但是描述每个研究设计的标题基本相同).Whatifastudyemploystwodifferenttypesofdesign?

Insuchacase,acommonpracticeistodescribethetwodesignsseparately.Thatis,youmayhavetwosectionsortwochapters:onesection/chapteronthesurveystudyandtheotheronacasestudy.DescribingMethodologyHowtodescribethemethodolog20Let’sdiscussthewritingofeachcomponent,whiletakingintoaccountthedifferencesindescribingdifferenttypesofdesign.1.IntroductionparagraphThechapterbeginswithanintroductoryparagraphinwhichthespecificationofresearchdesignisfollowedbyanoveralldescriptionoftheorganizationofthissection/chapter.(研究方法的引言简要介绍研究设计和这一章的总体框架）Whatisthelengthofthisintroductionparagraphonresearchdesign?--Onlyoneortwoshortsentences.Forexample:DescribingMethodologyLet’sdiscussthewritingofe21WritingIntroductiontoyourresearchdesign

撰写研究方法中的引言

“为了弄清学习策略与专业英语四级考试成绩之间的关系，本研究对来自5所大学的300名英语专业的学生进行了问卷调查。”(P.275)也可以这样写：“本研究使用问卷调查的方式来探索使用语言学习策略与外语成绩之间的关系。”Thegeneralorganizationisasortofanadvanceorganizer(先行组织/前导组织）thatpreparereadersforwhatistofollow.Youmaydescribetheorganizationintermsof

thefirst-levelheadingswithouttheneedtoprovidedetailedcontentwithineachsubheading.

写总体框架的目的是让读者了解这一章的大致情况，其描述只限于第一层次的标题(一级标题），不必提供详细内容（不必介绍到二级标题）。WritingIntroductiontoyourr22Researchquestionsandhypothesis2.General/Specificresearchquestions/hypothesis

总的/具体的研究问题或假设

Inthissection,allthegeneralquestions

arepresentedtogetherwiththespecificquestions.Ifyouhaveformedhypothesesinsteadofquestions,then,youshouldlistallthehypotheses.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthissection?Thissectionservestwopurposes.Thefirstistogivethereaderclearinformationaboutwhatquestionsthestudyisintendedtoaddress

(目的一是让读者了解要研究的问题；Researchquestionsandhypothe23ResearchquestionsandhypothesisWhatisthepurposeofwritingthissection?

ThesecondistoprovideaframeworkfortheResultChapter(第二是为后面“研究结果和讨论”这一章提供框架).Note1:

AllthequestionsappearinginthissectionneedtobeansweredintheResultsChapter.Problemswithgraduatestudents:

TheyoftenforgettorefertowhathasbeenwritteninthissectionwhentheywritetheResultsChapter.Asaresult,theResultsChapterdoesnotcoverallthequestions，ortheorderofquestionspresentedisnotthesameasthatinthissection(报告研究结果与研究问题的顺序也不一致）.Researchquestionsandhypothe24ResearchquestionsandhypothesisNote2:TenseandWordinginthissection

DifferentfromtheothersectionsinthisChapter(Methodchapter),allthequestions/hypothesesarestatedinthepresenttenseratherthaninthepasttense;

Thewordinginquestion(研究问题中的措辞）shouldbeclearandprecise,andeachquestionshouldaddressoneissue.Whyarethequestions/hypot