职业健康和安全培训 课件

OccupationalHealthandSafetyTraining

职业健康和安全培训ChemicalSafety化学安全1OHS3OccupationalHealthandSafetyObjectives目标Bytheendofthissession,youwillbeableto:通过本节,您将能Identifythedifferentchemicalhazardclasses识别不同的化学危害类别Identifysafeproceduresforhandlingchemicals识别处理化学品的安全程序Identifyhealthhazardsfordifferentchemicalhazardclasses识别不同化学危害类别的健康危害Identifyfirstaidproceduresfordifferentchemicalhazardclasses识别不同化学危害类别的急救措施2OHS3Objectives目标BytheendofthisExposureLimits接触限ExposureLimit接触限Themaximumallowedairborneconcentrationofachemical允许的化学品空气中的最高浓度Notintendedtorepresentafinelinebetweensafeandharmfulconditions有旨在于安全和危害条件中划一清晰的线itisnotpossibletotakeintoaccountallfactorswhichcouldinfluencetheeffectthatexposuretothesubstancemayhaveonanindividualworker不可能考虑可能影响员工与化学品接触而产生作用所有因素theguidingprincipleiseliminationofexposureorreductiontothelowestlevelthatisreasonablyachievablebelowtheexposurelimit指南性原则就是消除接触,或减少至最低限3OHS3ExposureLimits接触限ExposureLimExposureLimitscont’d接触限Exposurelimitsareexpressedas接触限表示为8-hourexposurelimit8小时接触限15-minuteexposurelimit15分钟接触限ceilinglimit最高限4OHS3ExposureLimitscont’d接触限ExposExposureLimits:8-HourLimit

8小时接触限Thetimeweightedaverageconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededoveranormal8hourworkperiod在空气中的平均浓度,不能超过8个小时的工作时间Aworkercanbeexposedtothisexposurelimitdayafterday,withoutarespirator,withnoadversehealtheffects员工每天可以如此接触化学品,可以不带防毒面具,对员工健康不会产生负面影响5OHS3ExposureLimits:8-HourLimit

ExposureLimits:15-MinuteLimit

15分钟接触限Thetimeweightedaverageconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededoverany15minuteperiod在空气中的平均浓度,不能超过15分钟Staffexposureislimitedtonomorethan4suchperiodsinan8hourworkshiftwithatleastonehourbetweenany2successive15minutesexcursionperiods员工在8个小时内,接触时间不得超过4个15分钟.并且间隔1小时远离化学品6OHS3ExposureLimits:15-MinuteLimCeilingExposureLimit

最高限Theconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededatanytimeduringtheworkperiod工作期间,空气间的浓度任何时间都不能超过7OHS3CeilingExposureLimit

最高限TheChemicalHazards化学危害Chemicalhazardsaredefinedaccordingtooneofsixhazardcategories:按化学品分类规定有六类化学危害 (A)–Compressedgases压缩气体 (B)–Flammableandcombustible可燃物/易燃物 (C)–Oxidizing氧化物 (D)–Toxic毒性 (E)–Corrosive腐蚀性 (F)–DangerouslyReactiveMaterials危害反应的物质8OHS3ChemicalHazards化学危害ChemicalhClassA–CompressedGases

A类—压缩气体9OHS3ClassA–CompressedGases

A类—ClassA–CompressedGasescont’d

A类—压缩气体ClassA–compressedgasesA类—压缩气体compressedgases,dissolvedgasesorgasesliquefiedbycompressionorrefrigerationwithinreinforcedmetalcylinders.压缩气体,溶解气体,在加固的金属汽瓶被压力或冷却液化的气体10OHS3ClassA–CompressedGasesconClassA–CylinderSafety

A类—气瓶安全MishandledCylinders

气瓶操作失误Mayruptureviolentlyandreleasetheirhazardouscontentsorbecomedangerousprojectiles猛烈断开,释放出危害品,或发射性危害Iftheneckofapressurizedcylinderisaccidentallybrokenoff,theenergyreleasedcanpropelthecylinderupto1200meters.如果压力瓶颈突然断裂,释放出的能力可以将气瓶弹至1200米DamagedCylinders损坏的气瓶Returntomanufacturer退回生产商11OHS3ClassA–CylinderSafety

A类—气ClassA–CylinderSafetycont’d

A类—气瓶安全CylinderwithUnknownContent未知内容的气瓶Returntomanufacturer退回生产商MovingCylinders移动气瓶Wearappropriatefootprotection穿上适当的脚部防护ChemicalSafety化学安全HaveappropriateMSDS’savailable得到适当的物质安全数据表Befamiliarwiththehealthrisks,flammabilityandreactivityhazardsforaparticulargas.熟悉健康危害,可燃性,与特定气体的反应危害Ensuretheyareproperlylabeled确保适当标记Identityofgas

气体标识Hazards危害12OHS3ClassA–CylinderSafetycontCylinderStorage气瓶的存放Storeawayfromincompatiblegroups与不相容品分开存放 flammablesfromoxidizers可燃物与氧化剂分开 corrosivesfromflammables腐蚀物与可燃物分开 fullcylindersfromempties满瓶与空瓶分开 allcylindersfromcorrosivevapors所有气瓶远离腐蚀性蒸气oxygencylindersmustbeaminimumof6metersawayfromflammablegascylindersorcombustiblematerials氧气瓶须与可燃性气瓶或易燃性物质分离至少6米13OHS3CylinderStorage气瓶的存放StoreawaCylinderStorage气瓶存放Secureemptyandfullcylinderstoafixedsupportbyuseofchains,orothersubstantialrestrainingdevice用链条或其它坚固的控制装置固定空瓶或装满气体的气瓶Storeupright直立存放Keepvalveprotectivecapsinplacewhilenotinuse不用时,将安全阀门的盖盖好MarkemptycylindersEMPTY将空瓶标记“空瓶”Keepvalvesclosedonemptycylinders空瓶气阀拧紧Keepawayfromsourcesofheat远离热源14OHS3CylinderStorage气瓶存放Secureemp

CylinderStoragecont’d

气瓶存放Keepawayfromelectricalwiring远离电线Storeinwellventilatedareasdesignedandmarkedonlyforcylinders在良好通风的地方存放,并标明仅存放气瓶15OHS3CylinderStoragecont’d

气瓶存放KMovingCylinders移动气瓶Placecylinderonacylindercart气瓶放在气瓶专用手推车上Securecylindertocartwithachain.用链子将气瓶固定在手推车上Removeregulatorandattachprotectivevalvecapbeforemovingthecylinder.移动前,拿掉调节阀,盖上防护盖Donotholdcylinderbytheprotectivecapwhenmovingorlifting移动或抬升过程中,不要以防护盖为把手Donotdrop不要跌落Donotallowcylinderstostrikeeachother气瓶不得相互撞击Handlewithextremecare移动时特别小心16OHS3MovingCylinders移动气瓶PlacecyliCylinderUse气瓶使用Ensureallconnectionsaretight确保所有连接紧密Applysoapywatertolocateleaks用肥皂水检验漏气Keepvalves,regulators,couplings,hoseandapparatuscleanandfreeofoilandgrease保持阀,调节阀,联结处,软管和仪器清洁,没有滑腻Donotattempttorepairsafetydevicesandvalves–returntomanufacturer不要修复安全装置和阀,退回生产商Opencylindervalvesslowly慢慢打开气阀Standawayfromthefaceandbackofthegaugewhileopening打开时不要面对压力计的表面和背面17OHS3CylinderUse气瓶使用EnsureallconClassB–Flammableand

CombustibleLiquids

B类—可燃和易燃液体18OHS3ClassB–Flammableand

CombuClassB–Flammableand

CombustibleLiquids

B类—可燃和易燃液体Definition:定义Flammableandcombustibleliquidsaresubstanceswhosevapourscanburnorexplode.可燃和易燃液体其蒸气可以燃烧或爆炸Flammableliquids可燃液体Giveoffvapors释放蒸气Usuallyheavierthanair

比空气重Cantravellongdistancesuntilreachingasourceofignition(openflame,hotsurface,staticsparks)causingafireorexplosion到达燃烧来源之前可能流过较长距离,引起火灾或爆炸Canflowtherebyincreasingfirehazards可能流动,增加火灾的危害Burningflammableliquidsalsoflow,furtherspreadingthefire燃烧的可燃液体也可能流动,并进一步蔓延火灾19OHS3ClassB–Flammableand

CombuFlammableandCombustible

Liquids–GeneralSafety

可燃和易燃液体-通用安全ObtainandreadtheMSDS.得到并阅读物质安全数据表Beawareofallofthehazards.了解所有危害Avoidoreliminateignitionsourceswhenworkingwithflammableliquids.当使用可燃液体时,避免或消除火源Store,handle,anduseflammableandcombustibleliquidsinwellventilatedareas.在良好通风的地方存放,处理和使用可燃和易燃液体20OHS3FlammableandCombustible

LiqFlammableandCombustible

Liquids–GeneralSafety

可燃和易燃液体-通用安全Wearappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment.穿上适当的个人防护设备Usearubberholdertotransportflammableliquidswithinthebuilding使用橡胶支撑物在建筑物内来运输可燃液体Knowhowtohandleemergencies(fires,spills,personalinjury).了解如何处理紧急事项(火灾,遗洒,人员伤害)21OHS3FlammableandCombustible

LiqFlammableandCombustibleLiquids-Storage可燃和易燃液体-存放Storein存放在:safecontainers安全容器中insidefireresistantstoragecabinetsdesignedforflammablesOR可燃气体专用防火的储存柜中insidestoragerooms储存室Minimizetheamountofflammableliquidsstoredinthelaboratory尽量减小实验室可燃液体存储量Closecontainerswhennotinuse不用时关闭容器Donotuseinareaswithignitionsources不要在有火源的地方使用22OHS3FlammableandCombustibleLiquFlammableLiquids–HealthHazards可燃液体—健康危害AcuteHealthEffects严重的健康影响Inhalation吸入Headaches,fatigue,dizziness,drowsiness,narcosis(stuporandunresponsiveness)头疼,疲劳,眩晕,迟钝,麻醉(昏迷,无反应能力)Ingestion摄入Slightgastro-intestinalirritation,dizziness,fatigue轻微的肠胃疼痛,眩晕,疲劳Skincontact皮肤接触Dry,cracked,andchappedskin干燥,破裂,皮肤干裂Eyecontact眼睛接触Stinging,wateryeyes,andinflammationoftheeyelids刺痛,流泪,眼睑发炎23OHS3FlammableLiquids–HealthHazFlammableLiquids–HealthHazardscont’d可燃液体—健康危害ChronicHealthEffects慢性健康影响dependson取决于specificchemical哪种化学品durationofexposure接触时间长短extentofexposure接触范围damagetothelungs,liver,kidneys,heartand/orcentralnervoussystemmayoccur可能对肺,肝,肾,心脏和中枢神系统造成损害cancerandreproductiveeffectsarealsopossible也可能引发癌症和对生殖系统的影响24OHS3FlammableLiquids–HealthHazaFlammableLiquids–FirstAid

可燃液体—急救InhalationandIngestionExposure吸入和摄入接触Removepersonfromthecontaminatedareaifitissafetodoso如果安全的话,将人员从污染区移开Getmedicalattentionanddonotleavethepersonunattended请求医疗救助,不要只留下病人Skincontact:皮肤接触Removepersonfromsourceofcontamination将人员移离污染源Removeclothing,jewelryandshoesfromaffectedareas将受伤害部位的衣服脱掉,或手饰和鞋子Flushtheaffectedareawithwaterforatleast20minutes将受伤害部位用水冲洗至少20分钟Obtainmedicalattention请求医疗救助25OHS3FlammableLiquids–FirstAid

可FlammableLiquids–FirstAidcont’d

可燃液体—急救Eyecontact:眼睛接触Removepersonfromsourceofcontamination将人员移离污染源Flusheyeswithwaterforatleast20minutes用水冲洗眼睛至少20分钟Getmedicalattention请求医疗救助26OHS3FlammableLiquids–FirstAidcClassC–OxidizingMaterials

C类—氧化物27OHS3ClassC–OxidizingMaterials

ClassC–OxidizingMaterialscont’d

C类—氧化物Definition定义Oxidizingmaterialsaresubstancesthatreadilyyieldoxygenoritsequivalenttostimulatethecombustion(oxidation)oforganicmatter氧化物是容易产生氧气或类似物质,激活有机物燃烧(氧化)的物质Oxidizersareincompatiblewith氧化剂与下列物质不相容Reducingagents(whichusuallycontainhydrogen),suchashydrides,bisulfitesandthiosulfates还原剂(通常含氢气)如氢化物,重亚硫酸盐和硫代硫酸盐Flammableandcombustiblematerials可燃和易燃物28OHS3ClassC–OxidizingMaterialsClassC–OxidizingMaterialscont’d

C类—氧化物Organicperoxides有机过氧化物Aparticulargroupofoxidizingmaterialsthatareoftenunstableinnature一组性质不稳定的氧化物Lowpowerexplosiveswhicharesensitivetoheatorshock对光和撞击敏感的低能量爆炸品SeePeroxideProgramTrainingSession见过氧化物方案培训一节的内容29OHS3ClassC–OxidizingMaterialsOxidizingMaterials–Storage

氧化物-存放Oxidizers氧化物Storeawayfromflammables,organiccompounds,andcombustiblematerials与可燃物,有机化合物和易燃物分开存放Strongoxidizers强氧化剂Ex:chromicacid如铬酸Storeinglassorotherinertcontainer(preferablyunbreakable)存放在玻璃或其它惰性容器中(最好是不会破损的)Donotusecorksandrubberstoppers不要使用软木塞和橡胶塞30OHS3OxidizingMaterials–Storage

OxidizingMaterials–HealthHazards氧化物-健康危害AcuteHealthHazards严重健康危害Nitricandsulfuricacidvapours,chlorineand hydrogenperoxideactasirritantgases硝酸和硫酸蒸气,氯和过氧化氢是刺激性气体Cancauseinflammationofthe引起发炎Upperairways上呼吸道Throat嗓子31OHS3OxidizingMaterials–HealthHaOxidizingMaterials–HealthHazardscont’d氧化物-健康危害ChronicHealthHazards慢性健康危害nitrobenzeneandchromiumcompoundscancausehematologicalandneurologicalchanges硝基苯和铬化合物可引发血液和神经上的变化chromiumandmanganesecompoundscancauseliverandkidneydisease铬和锰化合物可引发肝和肾的疾病chromium(VI)compoundshavebeenassociatedwithlungcancer铬化合物与肺癌有关联32OHS3OxidizingMaterials–HealthHaOxidizingMaterials–FirstAid

氧化物—急救Inhalation,ingestionordirectcontact呼入,摄入或直接接触Removeinjuredpersonfromthesourceofcontaminationasquicklyaspossiblewhenitissafetodoso如果安全,尽快将受到伤害的人员移离污染源Obtainmedicalattentionimmediately立即请求医疗救护33OHS3OxidizingMaterials–FirstAidOxidizingMaterials–FirstAidcont’d

氧化物—急救Exposuretoskinoreyes与皮肤或眼睛接触Takeinjuredpersontoanemergencyshoweroreyewashimmediately立即将受伤人员紧急淋浴或冲洗眼睛Flushtheaffectedareaforaminimumof20minutes冲洗受伤部位至少20分钟Obtainmedicalattention得到医疗救护34OHS3OxidizingMaterials–FirstAidClassD–ToxicChemicals

D类—有毒化学品35OHS3ClassD–ToxicChemicals

D类—有ClassD–ToxicChemicals

D类—有毒化学品Definition定义Atoxicchemicalisanysubstancethatmaycausedamagetostructure,ordisturbancetofunction,whenitisingested,inhaled,orabsorbed,orwhenappliedto,injectedintoordevelopedwithinthebody,inrelativelysmallamounts,byitschemicalaction.指当人体摄入,吸入或吸收少量某种物质,或少量使用,注入或身体内形成该物质,由于化学作用,会对人体的组织产生损害或引发功能紊乱,这类物质就是有毒化学品36OHS3ClassD–ToxicChemicals

D类—ToxicChemicalscont’d

D类—有毒化学品3subdivisions:三级分类D1–materialscausingimmediateandserioustoxiceffects立即引起严重毒性效果的物质D2–materialscausingothertoxiceffectssuchas:引起诸如下列其它毒性效果的物质chronic(longterm)慢性(长期)carcinogenic(causingcancer)致癌物质teratogenic(damagesfetus)使胎儿产生畸形reproductive(damagesreproductiveorgans)生殖系统损伤mutagenic(damagesbacterialDNA)基因突变irritatingorsensitizingeffects刺激或光敏影响37OHS3ToxicChemicalscont’d

D类—有毒化

ToxicChemicals

有毒化学品

D3–Biohazardousandinfectiousmaterials生物危害和传染物质38OHS3 ToxicChemicals

有毒化学品 D3–ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntry有毒化学品—进入渠道Skinandeyes皮肤和眼睛Maycauselocalirritationortissuedestruction引起局部刺激或组织损伤Symptomsofexposure接触症状Dryorwhitenedskin皮肤干燥,发白Rednessandswelling发红和肿胀Rash皮疹Blisters水泡Itching痒Protection防护Bandageallcutsandscrapes包扎伤口Wearappropriategloves载手套Wearsafetyglasses,gogglesorfaceshield戴安全眼镜,护目镜或面具39OHS3ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEn

ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntrycont’d有毒化学品—进入渠道

RespiratoryTract呼吸道Symptoms:症状Eye,noseandthroatirritation眼睛,鼻子和嗓子刺激Increasedmucousinnoseandthroat;鼻子和嗓子分泌物增多Narcoticeffects(headache,confusion,dizziness,collapse)麻醉效果(头疼,思维混乱,眩晕,虚脱)Asphyxiation窒息Protection防护Fumehoods通风橱Respirators防毒面具40OHS3ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEnToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntrycont’d有毒化学品—进入渠道

Gastrointestinaltract肠胃系统Symptoms:症状Mouthandthroatdiscomfort嘴和嗓子不适Gastrointestinaldiscomfort肠胃不适Coma昏迷Death死亡Protection:护护Donotpipettebymouth不要用嘴吸移液管Donotstorefooditemsinlabglasswareorlabrefrigerator不要在实验室玻璃器皿或冰箱中存放食品Donoteatinthelab不要在实验室吃东西Washhandsafterworkingwithchemicals,beforeleavingthelabandbeforeeating使用化学品后,离开实验室前和吃饭前洗手41OHS3ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntrycont’d有毒化学品—进入渠道

Injection-throughmishapswithneedlesandbrokenglassware注入—不小心使用针头和碎玻璃Symptoms:症状Localorsystemic局部的或系统性的Protection:

防护Wearprotectivegloves戴防护手套Usebroomanddustpanforcleaningupbrokenglass使用扫帚和畚箕清扫碎玻璃42OHS3ToxicChemicals–RoutesofEntClassE–CorrosiveChemicals

E类—腐蚀性化学品Definition定义Corrosivesubstancesarethosematerialsthat,uponcontact,causevisibledestructionof,orirreversiblealterationsto,tissueormetal.腐蚀性化学品是那些一经接触对组织或金属引起可见的损害,或不可逆转的改变的物质43OHS3ClassE–CorrosiveChemicals

CorrosiveChemicalscont’d

腐蚀性化学品Examples例如Acids/bases酸/碱Non-metalchlorides非金属氯化物Dehydratingagents脱水剂Halogens卤素Oxidizingagents氧化剂44OHS3CorrosiveChemicalscont’d

腐蚀性CorrosiveChemicalscont’d

腐蚀性化学品Nitric,sulphuric,hydrochloricacid硝酸,硫酸,高氯酸SodiumHydroxide,AmmoniumHydroxide过氧化钠,过氧化铵PhosphorousPentoxide,calciumoxide五氧化磷,氧化钙Fluorine,chlorine,bromine氟,氯,溴Peroxides,permanganates,halogenates过氧化物,高锰酸和卤化物45OHS3CorrosiveChemicalscont’d

腐蚀性CorrosiveChemicals–Storage

腐蚀性化学品-存放Storeacidsseparatelyfrombases酸和碱分开存放Neverstoreaboveeyelevel不要在高于眼睛的部位存放Storeinatrayorbuckettocontainanyleaks在盘子或桶中存入,以防泄漏46OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–Storage

CorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHealthHazards腐蚀性化学品—严重健康危害Inhalation吸入irritationofmucousmembranes刺激黏膜difficultybreathing呼吸困难coughing咳嗽pulmonaryedema肺水肿47OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHeaCorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHealthHazards腐蚀性化学品—严重健康危害Ingestion:摄入Irritationandburningsensationoflips,mouthandthroat;嘴唇,嘴和嗓子有刺激和灼痛Swellingofthethroat嗓子肿胀Painfulabdominalcramps腹胀绞痛Vomiting呕吐Shock休克Riskofperforationofthestomach胃穿孔的危险48OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHeaCorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHealthHazards腐蚀性化学品—严重健康危害Eyecontact:

眼睛接触Stinging刺痛Wateringeyes眼睛流泪Swellingofeyelids眼睑肿胀Intensepain剧烈疼痛Ulcerationofeyes睛睛溃疡Lossofeyesight丧失视力49OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHeaCorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHealthHazards腐蚀性化学品—严重健康危害SkinContact皮肤接触Burning灼痛Redness发红Swelling肿胀Painfulblisters引发疼痛的水泡Profounddamagetotissues组织的严重损伤Aslippery,soapyfeelingwithalkalis象与碱接触的那种滑润,有皂泡的感觉50OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–AcuteHeaCorrosiveChemicals–ChronicHealthHazards腐蚀性化学品—慢性健康危害Symptomsvarydependingonthechemical化学品不同,症状不同ChroniceffectofHClisdamagetotheteethHCl对牙齿的慢性损伤ChroniceffectsofHFacidaredecreasedbonedensity,fluorosisandanemiaHF酸慢性降低骨骼密度,氟中毒和贫血ChroniceffectsofNaOHareunknownNaOH的慢性影响还是未知的51OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–ChronicHCorrosiveChemicals–FirstAid

腐蚀性化学品—急救Inhalation吸入Removepersonfromsourceofcontaminationifsafetodoso如果安全,将人员移离污染源Getmedicalattention得到医疗救护Keeppersonwarm给受伤人员保暖52OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–FirstAidCorrosiveChemicals–FirstAidcont’d腐蚀性化学品—急救Ingestion:摄入Removepersonfromsourceofcontaminationwhensafetodoso如果安全,将人员移离污染源Getmedicalattention得到医疗救护Informemergencyrespondersofthenameofthechemicalswallowed告诉救护人员摄入的化学品名称53OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–FirstAidCorrosiveChemicals–FirstAidcont’d腐蚀性化学品—急救Skincontact皮肤接触Removepersonfromsourceofcontaminationwhensafetodoso如果安全,将人员移离污染源Immediatelytakepersontoemergencyshower立即将人员紧急淋浴Removeclothing,shoes,socks,andjewelryfromaffectedareasasquicklyaspossible尽快将受伤部位的衣服,鞋,袜子,首饰脱掉Cutoffifnecessary必要时割开Flushaffectedareawithwaterforaminimumof20minutes用水冲洗受伤部位至少20分钟Getmedicalattention得到医疗救护54OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–FirstAidCorrosiveChemicals–FirstAidcont’d腐蚀性化学品—急救Eyecontact眼睛接触Removepersonfromsourceofcontaminationwhensafetodoso如果安全,将人员移离污染源Immediatelytakepersontoaneyewashstation立即将受伤人员带到眼睛冲洗站Rinsetheeyesforaminimumof20minutes冲洗眼睛至少20分钟Getmedicalattention得到医疗救护Donotletthepersonrubtheireyesorkeepthemtightlyshut不要揉眼或紧闭双眼55OHS3CorrosiveChemicals–FirstAiClassF–ReactiveChemicals

F类—易反应的化学品Definition定义Reactivechemicalsundergovigorouspolymerization,decompositionorcondensation易反应的化学品可剧烈地聚合,分解或浓缩Becomeself-reactiveunderconditionsofshockorincreaseinpressureortemperature在撞击,增加压力或温度升高的条件下,自反应Reactvigorouslywithwatertoreleasepoisonousgas与水剧烈反应释放出有毒气体56OHS3ClassF–ReactiveChemicals

FClassF–ReactiveChemicalscont’d

F类—易反应的化学品Examples实例Drypicricacid:Highlyexplosive干燥苦味酸Acidchlorides(e.g.,acetylchloride,phosphylchloride):reactviolentlywithwater氯酸(如乙酰胺,)与水剧烈反应Lithiumaluminumhydride:spontaneouslycombustsin air氢化铝锂:空气中自燃Someorganicmonomers(e.g.,butadiene)self-polymerizeinair一些有机单体(如丁二烯)在空气中自我聚合57OHS3ClassF–ReactiveChemicalscReactiveChemicals–HazardsandHandling易反应的化学品-危害和处理Limitquantitiestoonlytheamountsbeingusedinoneday限制数量,只够一天使用Laboratoryequipmentmustbeproperlyshieldedandphysicallyseparatedfromworkersifthetypeofworkposesanexplosivehazard.如果工作类型有爆炸危害,实验室设备须妥善屏蔽,与员工物理隔离58OHS3ReactiveChemicals–HazardsanChemicalSafety–Summary

化学安全—总结Alllaboratorychemicalscanbeclassifiedintooneof8hazardclasses实验室所有化学品可分为8种危害Knowtheclassofchemicalyouareworkingwith:了解你工作中使用的化学品类别Safeworkpractices安全工作规范HealthHazards健康安全Compatibilities兼容性Chemicalproperties化学特性59OHS3ChemicalSafety–Summary

化学安全ChemicalSafety化学安全Furtherquestionsorconcerns?问题与疑问?60OHS3ChemicalSafety化学安全Furtherque演讲完毕，谢谢观看！演讲完毕，谢谢观看！OccupationalHealthandSafetyTraining

职业健康和安全培训ChemicalSafety化学安全62OHS3OccupationalHealthandSafetyObjectives目标Bytheendofthissession,youwillbeableto:通过本节,您将能Identifythedifferentchemicalhazardclasses识别不同的化学危害类别Identifysafeproceduresforhandlingchemicals识别处理化学品的安全程序Identifyhealthhazardsfordifferentchemicalhazardclasses识别不同化学危害类别的健康危害Identifyfirstaidproceduresfordifferentchemicalhazardclasses识别不同化学危害类别的急救措施63OHS3Objectives目标BytheendofthisExposureLimits接触限ExposureLimit接触限Themaximumallowedairborneconcentrationofachemical允许的化学品空气中的最高浓度Notintendedtorepresentafinelinebetweensafeandharmfulconditions有旨在于安全和危害条件中划一清晰的线itisnotpossibletotakeintoaccountallfactorswhichcouldinfluencetheeffectthatexposuretothesubstancemayhaveonanindividualworker不可能考虑可能影响员工与化学品接触而产生作用所有因素theguidingprincipleiseliminationofexposureorreductiontothelowestlevelthatisreasonablyachievablebelowtheexposurelimit指南性原则就是消除接触,或减少至最低限64OHS3ExposureLimits接触限ExposureLimExposureLimitscont’d接触限Exposurelimitsareexpressedas接触限表示为8-hourexposurelimit8小时接触限15-minuteexposurelimit15分钟接触限ceilinglimit最高限65OHS3ExposureLimitscont’d接触限ExposExposureLimits:8-HourLimit

8小时接触限Thetimeweightedaverageconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededoveranormal8hourworkperiod在空气中的平均浓度,不能超过8个小时的工作时间Aworkercanbeexposedtothisexposurelimitdayafterday,withoutarespirator,withnoadversehealtheffects员工每天可以如此接触化学品,可以不带防毒面具,对员工健康不会产生负面影响66OHS3ExposureLimits:8-HourLimit

ExposureLimits:15-MinuteLimit

15分钟接触限Thetimeweightedaverageconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededoverany15minuteperiod在空气中的平均浓度,不能超过15分钟Staffexposureislimitedtonomorethan4suchperiodsinan8hourworkshiftwithatleastonehourbetweenany2successive15minutesexcursionperiods员工在8个小时内,接触时间不得超过4个15分钟.并且间隔1小时远离化学品67OHS3ExposureLimits:15-MinuteLimCeilingExposureLimit

最高限Theconcentrationofasubstanceinairwhichmaynotbeexceededatanytimeduringtheworkperiod工作期间,空气间的浓度任何时间都不能超过68OHS3CeilingExposureLimit

最高限TheChemicalHazards化学危害Chemicalhazardsaredefinedaccordingtooneofsixhazardcategories:按化学品分类规定有六类化学危害 (A)–Compressedgases压缩气体 (B)–Flammableandcombustible可燃物/易燃物 (C)–Oxidizing氧化物 (D)–Toxic毒性 (E)–Corrosive腐蚀性 (F)–DangerouslyReactiveMaterials危害反应的物质69OHS3ChemicalHazards化学危害ChemicalhClassA–CompressedGases

A类—压缩气体70OHS3ClassA–CompressedGases

A类—ClassA–CompressedGasescont’d

A类—压缩气体ClassA–compressedgasesA类—压缩气体compressedgases,dissolvedgasesorgasesliquefiedbycompressionorrefrigerationwithinreinforcedmetalcylinders.压缩气体,溶解气体,在加固的金属汽瓶被压力或冷却液化的气体71OHS3ClassA–CompressedGasesconClassA–CylinderSafety

A类—气瓶安全MishandledCylinders

气瓶操作失误Mayruptureviolentlyandreleasetheirhazardouscontentsorbecomedangerousprojectiles猛烈断开,释放出危害品,或发射性危害Iftheneckofapressurizedcylinderisaccidentallybrokenoff,theenergyreleasedcanpropelthecylinderupto1200meters.如果压力瓶颈突然断裂,释放出的能力可以将气瓶弹至1200米DamagedCylinders损坏的气瓶Returntomanufacturer退回生产商72OHS3ClassA–CylinderSafety

A类—气ClassA–CylinderSafetycont’d

A类—气瓶安全CylinderwithUnknownContent未知内容的气瓶Returntomanufacturer退回生产商MovingCylinders移动气瓶Wearappropriatefootprotection穿上适当的脚部防护ChemicalSafety化学安全HaveappropriateMSDS’savailable得到适当的物质安全数据表Befamiliarwiththehealthrisks,flammabilityandreactivityhazardsforaparticulargas.熟悉健康危害,可燃性,与特定气体的反应危害Ensuretheyareproperlylabeled确保适当标记Identityofgas

气体标识Hazards危害73OHS3ClassA–CylinderSafetycontCylinderStorage气瓶的存放Storeawayfromincompatiblegroups与不相容品分开存放 flammablesfromoxidizers可燃物与氧化剂分开 corrosivesfromflammables腐蚀物与可燃物分开 fullcylindersfromempties满瓶与空瓶分开 allcylindersfromcorrosivevapors所有气瓶远离腐蚀性蒸气oxygencylindersmustbeaminimumof6metersawayfromflammablegascylindersorcombustiblematerials氧气瓶须与可燃性气瓶或易燃性物质分离至少6米74OHS3CylinderStorage气瓶的存放StoreawaCylinderStorage气瓶存放Secureemptyandfullcylinderstoafixedsupportbyuseofchains,orothersubstantialrestrainingdevice用链条或其它坚固的控制装置固定空瓶或装满气体的气瓶Storeupright直立存放Keepvalveprotectivecapsinplacewhilenotinuse不用时,将安全阀门的盖盖好MarkemptycylindersEMPTY将空瓶标记“空瓶”Keepvalvesclosedonemptycylinders空瓶气阀拧紧Keepawayfromsourcesofheat远离热源75OHS3CylinderStorage气瓶存放Secureemp

CylinderStoragecont’d

气瓶存放Keepawayfromelectricalwiring远离电线Storeinwellventilatedareasdesignedandmarkedonlyforcylinders在良好通风的地方存放,并标明仅存放气瓶76OHS3CylinderStoragecont’d

气瓶存放KMovingCylinders移动气瓶Placecylinderonacylindercart气瓶放在气瓶专用手推车上Securecylindertocartwithachain.用链子将气瓶固定在手推车上Removeregulatorandattachprotectivevalvecapbeforemovingthecylinder.移动前,拿掉调节阀,盖上防护盖Donotholdcylinderbytheprotectivecapwhenmovingorlifting移动或抬升过程中,不要以防护盖为把手Donotdrop不要跌落Donotallowcylinderstostrikeeachother气瓶不得相互撞击Handlewithextremecare移动时特别小心77OHS3MovingCylinders移动气瓶PlacecyliCylinderUse气瓶使用Ensureallconnectionsaretight确保所有连接紧密Applysoapywatertolocateleaks用肥皂水检验漏气Keepvalves,regulators,couplings,hoseandapparatuscleanandfreeofoilandgrease保持阀,调节阀,联结处,软管和仪器清洁,没有滑腻Donotattempttorepairsafetydevicesandvalves–returntomanufacturer不要修复安全装置和阀,退回生产商Opencylindervalvesslowly慢慢打开气阀Standawayfromthefaceandbackofthegaugewhileopening打开时不要面对压力计的表面和背面78OHS3CylinderUse气瓶使用EnsureallconClassB–Flammableand

CombustibleLiquids

B类—可燃和易燃液体79OHS3ClassB–Flammableand

CombuClassB–Flammableand

CombustibleLiquids

B类—可燃和易燃液体Definition:定义Flammableandcombustibleliquidsaresubstanceswhosevapourscanburnorexplode.可燃和易燃液体其蒸气可以燃烧或爆炸Flammableliquids可燃液体Giveoffvapors释放蒸气Usuallyheavierthanair

比空气重Cantravellongdistancesuntilreachingasourceofignition(openflame,hotsurface,staticsparks)causingafireorexplosion到达燃烧来源之前可能流过较长距离,引起火灾或爆炸Canflowtherebyincreasingfirehazards可能流动,增加火灾的危害Burningflammableliquidsalsoflow,furtherspreadingthefire燃烧的可燃液体也可能流动,并进一步蔓延火灾80OHS3ClassB–Flammableand

CombuFlammableandCombustible

Liquids–GeneralSafety

可燃和易燃液体-通用安全ObtainandreadtheMSDS.得到并阅读物质安全数据表Beawareofallofthehazards.了解所有危害Avoidoreliminateignitionsourceswhenworkingwithflammableliquids.当使用可燃液体时,避免或消除火源Store,handle,anduseflammableandcombustibleliquidsinwellventilatedareas.在良好通风的地方存放,处理和使用可燃和易燃液体81OHS3FlammableandCombustible

LiqFlammableandCombustible

Liquids–GeneralSafety

可燃和易燃液体-通用安全Wearappropriatepersonalprotectiveequipment.穿上适当的个人防护设备Usearubberholdertotransportflammableliquidswithinthebuilding使用橡胶支撑物在建筑物内来运输可燃液体Knowhowtohandleemergencies(fires,spills,personalinjury).了解如何处理紧急事项(火灾,遗洒,人员伤害)82OHS3FlammableandCombustible

LiqFlammableandCombustibleLiquids-Storage可燃和易燃液体-存放Storein存放在:safecontainers安全容器中insidefireresistantstoragecabinetsdesignedforflammables