新视野大学英语读写教程2-Unit1

UnitlSectionATime-ConsciousAmericansDetailedstudyoftheTextAmericansbelievenoonestandsstill.(Para.1)Meaning:Americansbelievenoonekeepsmotionless;everyonemoves.一Here“stand“means“keeporstayinaparticularpositionorstate^.Inthissense,“stand“isfollowedbyadjectives.Moreexamples:Theroomstandsidle.这房间闲置着。Standfirm-donletthemtellyouwhattodo.要坚定，不要让他们对你指手画脚。Theystandopposedtothenewlaw.他们反对这项新法律。•••youarefallingbehind.(Para.1)★fallbehind:movemoreslowlythanotherpeoplesothatoneisbehindthem,fallbehindinscience在科学方面落后fallbehindone,scompetitors落后于竞争对手。Thestudenthasbeenworkinghardforfearthatheshuoldfallbehind.这个学生一直很努力，唯恐落后。Thisattituderesultsinanationofpeoplecommittedtoresearching.experimentingandexploring.(Para.1)Meaning:ThiswayofthinkinganddoingthingscausesAmericanstodevotetheirtimeandennergytoresearching,experimentingandexploring.resultin:makesomethinghappen:causeActingbeforethinkingalwaysresultsinfailure.做事不事先考虑总会导致失败。Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopeople.这场事故造成两人死亡。★compare:resultfrom:becausedbysomethingthathashappenedpreviouslyNothinghasresultedfromhisefforts.他的努力终成泡影。Thechild'sillnessresultedfromeatinguncleanfood.孩子生病是由于吃了不干净的事物。TimeisoneofthetwoelementsthatAmericanssavecarefully,theotherbeinglabor.(Para.1)Meaning:Americansusetwothingswithgreatcare(or:Americansneverwastetwothings):Oneistimeandtheotherislabor.一Noticeherewehaveaspecialtypeofadverbialclause:"theotherbeinglaborn.Thestructureis:subject-V-ing(or:V-ed).Thistypeofclausecanalsobeputatthebeginningofthewholesentence.Nofurtherdiscussionsarising,themeetingwasbroughttoanend.没有作进一步讨论，会议就结束了。Lunchfinished,alltheguestsreturnedtothesittingroom.吃完午饭，所有客人都回到了起居室。Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock…(Para.2)人的生命是有限的，而其对生命的热情是无限的。befinite/onespassionforlife/beinfiniteOneslifeisfinitewhereasonespassionforlifeisinfinite.Unlessacertainamountoftimeisallowedtoelapsejtseemsintheireyesasifthetaskbeingconsideredwereinsignificant,notworthyofproperrespect.(Para.8)Meaning:Iftheydon,tspendsometimedealingwithacertaintask,itwillgivetheimpression,intheiropinion,thatthetaskbeingconsideredisornotproperlyrespected.elapse:vz.(oftime)passFivedayselapsed,andthepatient'sconditionhadnoimprovement.五天过去了，但病人情况不见好转。Fouryearshaveelapsedsinceheleftcollegeandnowhe'steachingatalocalmiddleschool.他大学毕业已四年，现在在当地一所中学教书。inone'seyes:intheopinionorjudgmentofsomeoneEvenintheeyesoftheprofessionals,hedidagoodjob.即使在专业人士看来，他做得也很出色。Theexpertisalwaysrightintheeyesofordinarypeople.在普通人的心目中,专家总是对的。Unlessseemsinoneseyes(toonesmind)asif…如果小…,某人就觉得好似是…如果没为孩子提供力所能及的一切,中国父母就觉得好似对孩子照顾不够。provideeverythingforsb./withinonespower/notenoughforsb.Unlesstheyprovideeverythingwithintheirpowerfortheirchild,itseemsintheeyesofChineseparentsasiftheydidnotcareenoughforhim/her.3().Assignmentsareconsequently,givenaddedweightbythepassageoftime.(Para.8)Meaning:Asaresult,peoplethinkthatassignmentsaregainingadditionalimportancewiththepassingoftime.,Theword“weight“hereisusedasanuncountablenounmetaphoricallytomean“importance”.Moreexamples:anideaofgreatweight一个很重要的观点Don'tworryaboutwhathethinks;hisopiniondoesn'tcarrymuchweight.另ij担忧他怎么想，他的意见没有多少影响。31.IntheUS,however,itistakenasasignofskillfulnessorbeingcompetenttosolveaproblem,orfulfillajobsuccessfully,withspeed.(Para.8)Meaning:IntheUS,however,ifyoucansolveaproblemordoajobquickly,youwillbeconsideredapersonhavingskillsorability.takeas:regardasIwilltaketheremarkasapraise.我觉得这话是一种表扬。Shetookthefailureasthestartforthecomingsuccess.她把这次失败看作今后成功的起点。competent:^.(ofpeople)havingthenecessaryability,skill.knowledge,etc.Heiscompetentforthetask.他能胜任这项任务。IfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustfirstfindacompetentteacher.如要学好英语，你首先得找一位称职的老师。betakenasthesignof被视为…的标志现如今,玩不转人际关系被视为是无能的标志。onesfailuretosth./handleinterpersonalrelationwell/beincompetentNowadays,onesfailuretohandleinterpersonalrelationswellwillbetakenasasignofbeingincompetent.fulfill:v/.(BrEfulfil)dowhatonemustdofulfilladuty履行责任Iwillfulfillmyobligationtothebestofmyability.我将尽我所能履行义务。achievesomethingonewantedtodoHefulfilledhisdreamwhenhebecameawriter.他成为了作家，实现了自己的梦想。Theyfulfilledtheirworkaheadoftimeaswedidours.同我们一样，他们也提前完成了任务。★withspeed:fast;quicklyWhenwearetravelingwithspeed,thepassingcountrysidejustseemsablur.当我们开车高速旅行时，沿途经过的乡村显得一片模糊。32.Usually,themoreimportantataskis,themorecapital,energy,andattentionwillbepouredintoitinorderto“getitmoving”.(Para.8)Meaning:Usually,ifajobismoreimportant,peoplewillputinmoremoney,efforl,andattentioninorderlogetitdone.★pourinto:givealotofeffort,money,etc.tosomethingAlotofmoney/capitalhasbeenpouredintotheproject.这个项目已经投入f大量资金。Shepouredallhertimeandenergyintoherwork.她把所有的时间和精力都投入到了工作中。HopeProject希望工程Meaning:Weareunderthecontroloftimeonlyandnothingelse,orweareonlydominatedbytime…slavetosth:apersonwhoisbeingcompletelyinfluencedordominatedbysomethingaslavetodrink酒鬼aslavetomoney金钱的奴隶nothingbutionlyHe,snothingbutacriminal.他只不过是个罪犯。Hedidnothingbutcomplain.他只是抱怨，别的什么都不干。6.Wcbudgetit,saveit,wasteit,stealit,killit,cutitfaccountforit;wealsochargeforit.(Para.2)Meaning:Weplanhowtospendit,saveit,wasteit,spenditmoreefficiently,findwayslopassitquickly,reduceil.explainhowweuseil;wealsomoneyforil.fInthissentence「time”isusedmetaphoricallyassomethingofrealvalue.★budget:eplancarefullyhowmuchofsomethingwillbeneededShehasmadesomanycommitmentsthatshehastobudgethertimeverycarefully.她答应下来的事太多，因而不得不精心安排自己的时间。Bythetimehelearnedtobudgethisresources,itwastoolate.到他学会理财时，已经太迟了。vz.planthespendingofmoneycarefullyShebudgetedforbuyinganewcar.她为买新汽车而计划节省开支。Thegovernmenthasbudgetedfortwobridgesinthecity.政府计划在该城市建造两座桥，并为此制定了预算。n.[C]theamountofmoneyapersonororganizationhastospendonsomethingafamily/week'sbudget家庭/每周预算Itisimportanttobalancethisyear'sbudget.重要的是要平衡今年的预算开支。killit(=killtime):maketimepassquicklybyfindingsomethingtodo.Wekilledtimebyplayingcards.我彳门用打纸牌来消磨时间。Hedrovetotheclubtokillacoupleofhours.他驾车去俱乐部消磨了几个小时。accountfor:1)explanthecauseofsomething解释原因Jennyhadtoaccounttoherhusbandforeverypennyshespent.珍妮得向丈夫说明每一分是怎样花的。Themanchargedwiththecrimecouldn'tacountforthefactthatthemoneywasfoundinhishouse.被告无法解释在他家里找到钱这个事实。2)makeupaparticularamountorpartofsomething占据的比例NorthseaoilaccountsforahighproportionofBritishtradeearnings.北海石油占英国贸易收入的很大一部分。Payingrentaccountsforhalfofmyexpenditures.我的开销中租金占了一半。Girlsaccountforhalfoftheclass.女生占了我们班一半人数★charge:v.asksomebodyforamountofmoneyforaserviceHowmuchdoyouchargeforwashingacar?彳尔们洗一部车要收多少钱？Wecharge$200anightforasingleroom.单人房每晚收费200美元。Manypeoplehavearatheracutesenseoftheshortnessofeachlifetime.(Para.2)Meaning:Manypeoplehaveaverystrongfeelingthatlifeisshort.-*Noticetheuseof“sense“inthefollowingexamples:asenseofhumor/duty/direclion幽默感/责任感/方向感acute1.(offeelingsorthesenses)fine;sharp(指感觉或感官)深刻的，敏感的，尖锐的Dogshaveanacutesenseofsmell.狗有灵敏的嗅觉。severe,verygreat严重的Thereisanacuteshortageofwaterinthisregion.这个地区严重缺水.Oncethesandshaverunoutofaperson'shourglass,thcycannotbereplaced.(Para.2)一Nolicethatthewholesentenceisametaphor,whichmeans:Oncetimehaspassed,itwillnotreturn.★runout:l)(offood,money,ctc.)thcrcisnoneleftTheirsuppliessoonranout.他们的补给很快就耗尽了。Timeisrunningout.时间快到了(或：时间不多了。)Mypocketisrunningoutquickly.2)useallofsomethingandnothaveanyleftI'mafraidwe'verunoutofgas.我们的汽油恐怕已用完了。Pmrunningoutofpatience.我快没耐心了。★replace:vAputsomethingbackwhereitwasbeforeReplacethecapsonthebottles.把瓶盖盖好。Replacethebookontheshelf.把书放回到书架上。taketheplaceofGeorgehasreplacedEdwardasthepersonnelmanager.乔治接替爱德华担任人事部经理。changesomepersonorobjectforanother,oftenbetter,newer,etc.We'llhavetoreplacethoseoldcomputerswithnewones.我们必须用新电脑替换那些旧电脑。Wewanteveryminutetocount.(Para.2)Meaning:Wewanteveryminutetobeputinlogooduse(sinceilisprecious).1().…everyoneisinarush-oftenunderpressure.(Para.3)Meaning:•,-everyoneisdoingthingsinahurry,becausetheyareoftenunderpressuretodoso.★inarush:inahurryDon'lbeinsuchai*ush;you'veonlyjustnowarrived.别这么急，你才刚刚到。Whyisshealwaysinarush?为什么她总是匆匆忙忙的?王进喜生前常说，井没压力不出油；人没压力轻飘飘。duringone'slifetime/undernopressure/produceoil/undernostress/growlight-headedDuringhislifetime,WangJinxiusedtosay,“Awell,undernopressure,doesnotproduceoil,whileamanbindernostress,growlight-headed•••restlesslyseekingaltentioninaslore,orelbowingothers…(Para.3)Meaning:••,impatientlytryingtogetserviceinastore,orpushingothersoutofthewaybytheirelbows***restless:。.unabletokeepstillbecauseoneisnervous,bored,orimpatient.Thepassengersgrewrestlessafterwaitingforhalfa了半个小时，变得不耐烦起来。Withamonthafterhereturnedhome,Billyhadbeenrestless,thinkingaboutgettingontheroadagain.回家一个月后，比利坐立不安，又想着上路外出了。restlesslyinarestlessmanner;impatientlyThemanagerpacedtheHoorofhisofficerestlesslywithsomanyproblemsonhismind.心头压着许多问题，经理在办公室里不安地走来走去。Themanrepeatedlylookedathiswatchwhilewalkingupanddownrestlesslyintheroom.那人一边不耐烦地在屋子里走来走去，一边一遍又一遍地看手表。elbow:v.pushothersoutofthewayusingelbowsSheelbowedherwaythroughthecrowd.她从人群中挤了过去。Theoldbrandshavebeenelbowedoutofthehomemarket.老品牌已经被挤出了国内市场。Racingthroughdaytimemeals(-日三旬ispartofthepace皿心…门ife)inthiscountry.(Para.3)Meaning:EatingtheirmealshurriedlyduringthedayispartofAmerica'sfastpaceoflife.★racethrough:dosomethinginahurryThechildracedthrough转播的足球赛，那孩子匆匆做完了作业。Don'ttakeitpersonally.(Para.3)MeaningzDon^letitupsetyou(becausetheytreateverybodythisway;orbecausetheyarenotdoingthistoyouinparticular).★take,,,personally:feelthatafailureorunpleasantsituationisyourfaultandbeupsetaboutitYoumustn'ttakehernegativecommentsofyourplanpersonally.你不应该把她对你计划的批评当做对你个人的攻击。不得当地，不得体地：beyondacertainappropriatepointManynewarrivalsintheStateswillmisstheopeningexchangesofabusinesscall:商业曲谈)…(Para.4)Meaning:ManynewcomerstotheUnitedStateswillbesadtofindthatthereisnopolilesmalllalksatthebeginningofabusinesscall…★opening:a.first;beginning;startingtheopeningwords开场白Theyreturnedtotakepartintheseason'sopeninggame.彳也们回来参力口本赛季首场比赛。n.[CJthebeginningorfirstpartofsomethingTheopeningofabook/film书/电影的开头(部分)[C]anoccasionwhenanewbuilding,road,etc.isusedforthefirsttime,esp.onethatinvolvesaceremonyThreehundredpeopleswarmedatthefrontdoorforthestore'sgrandopening.有300人聚集在商店前门庆祝商店的盛大开业。[ClapositionthatisavailableinabusinessorfirmTherewereafewopeningsatthecompany,soheapplied.那家公司有几个空缺职位，所以他申请了。Heinquiredatthefrontdeskaboutopeningsinthemarketingdepartment.他在接待处询问营销部空缺职位的情况。Theywillmisstheritualinteractionthatgoeswithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffeethatmaybeaconventionintheirowncountry.(Para.4)Meaning:Theywillbesadbecausetheywillnothavetheusualexchanges(wilhthepersonwhoinvitedthem)thatgowithawelcomingcupofteaorcoffee.Theseexchangesmaybeacommonpracticeonsimilaroccasionsintheirowncountry.★gowith:existortakeplaceatthesametimewithsomethingelseRightsalwaysgoeswithobligations.权利总是伴随着义务。Crimedoesnotalwaysgoeswithpoverty.贫穷并不总是伴随着犯罪。★convention:几[C,U]general,usu.unspokenagreementabouthowpeopleshouldactorbehaveincertainsituationsItisaconvention惯例。Itwasaconventionforpeopletowearblacktoafuneral.穿黑色衣服参加葬礼是一种习俗。[C]ameetingofmembersofaprofession,politicalparty,etc.Conventionsareusuallyheldinlargecilies.会议通常在大城市里举行。Hotelstrytoattractconventionsbecausetheybringalotofbusiness.宾馆设法承办各种会议，因为会议可以带来大量生意。Theymaymissleisurelybusinesschats••,(Para.4)★leisurely:。.withouthurryTheyenjoyedaleisurelylunchatarestaurant.他们在餐馆里享受了一顿悠闲的午餐。Ihadaleisurelyglassofbeer.我慢悠悠地品了一杯啤酒。-*InEnglish,"-ly"canbeaddedtosomenounstoformadjectives.Wordsofsimilarstructureinclude:fricndly,brotherly,fatherly,etc.Normally,Americansdonotassesstheirvisitorsinsuchrelaxedsurroundingsoverextendedsmalltalk4,,(Para.4)Meaning:UsuallyAmericansdonotjudgeorevaluatetheirvisitorsinrelaxedplaces(suchasrestaurantsorcoffeehouses)duringlong,lightconversations…★assess:v/.judgethequality,importance,orworthofsomebodyorsomethingHe'ssolazythatit'sdifficulttoassesshisability.他懒得很，所以很难评估他的能力。It'stooearlytoassesstheeffectsofthenewlaw.要评价新法令的效果现在为时过早。★smalltalk:lightconversationonunimportantornon-serioussubjects,•,muchlessdotheytakethemoutfordinner,oraroundonthegolfcourse,,,(Para.4)Meaning:isevenlesslikelythatAmericanstaketheirvisitorsoutfordinnerortoplaygolf・・・一Notethattephrase“muchless“isoftenusedafteranegativestatement,toindicatethatthestatementismoretrueoftheperson,thing,orsituationthatyouaregoingtomention.Theoldmancanhardlywalk,muchlessrun.这位老人几乎不能行走，更不用说跑了。Theyarealwaysshortofwatertodrink,muchlesstotakeabath.他们连饮用水也总是不够，更别提洗澡了。★golfcourse:anareaofgrasswhichisdesignedforpeopletoplaygolfonSincewegenerallyassessandprobeprofessionallyratherthansocially,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly.(Para.4)Meaning:Sinceinmostcasesweevaluateourvisitorsandaskthemquestionsfromaprofessionalpointofviewinsteadoffromasocialone,westarttalkingbusinessveryquickly(andthereisnoneedlospendlimeonsmalltalkandihelike).★probe:etrytofindoutthetruthaboutsomethingThepoliceareprobing(into)tradingwhichbreaksthelaw.警方正在调查非法交易。Heprobcd(into)thehousingmarketforagoodopportunitytoinvest.他仔细研究房产市场，寻找投资的好时机。Timeis.therefore,alwaystickinginourinnerear.(Para.4)Meaning:Thcrcforc,wcarcalwaysawareoftimc.ltisjustliketheconstantsoundofaclockthatwehear.Consequently,weworkhardatthetaskofsavingtime.(Para.5)Meaning:Asaresult,wetryourbesttosavetime.consequently：676f.asaresultHedidnothingexceptpractice,andconsequentlyhebecameafamouspianist.他专心练琴，最终成为著名的钢琴家。Thebankrefusedtohelpthecompany;consequentlyitwentoutofbusiness.银行拒绝帮助这家公司，公司因此倒闭了。workat:puteffortintosomethingordoingsomethingHeisworkingatbeingthebest.他努力使自己成为最优秀的。Thedirectorisworkingatincreasingreturnsforinvestors.那位主管努力让投资者获得更大的回报。…especiallygivenourtraffic-filledstreets.(Para.5)Meaning:•••especiallywhenwetakeintoaccountourbusystreetsthatareoftenfulloftraffic.★given:"2”.takingsomethingintoaccountGiventneirinexperience,tney'vedoneagoodjob.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经做得不错了。Givenherinterestinchildren,teachingshouldbetherightcareerforher.从她对孩子们的兴趣来看，教书应该是适合她的职业。Wecanalsouse“giventhat-^^forthesamemeaning:Giventhatthetimeislimited,they，vedoneagoodiob.考虑到时间紧张，他们已经做得不错了。sb.dosth.by/through•••ratherthanby/through•t\whichthrough•••especiallygiven…某人是通过…而不是通过…做某事,虽然后者…,但却…，尤其是考虑到…在这种下雪天,我宁愿乘公交也不愿自己开车去上班,虽然自己开车自在,但更加危险,特别是考虑到我糟糕的驾驶技术。onsuchasnowyday/gotowork/onespoorskillsindrivingOnsuchasnowyday,/wouldgotoworkbybusratherthanbydrivingmycar.whichthroughcomfortable,ismoredangerous-especiallygivenmypoorskillsindriving.Wetherefore,savemostpersonalvisitingforafter-workhoursorforsocialweekendgatherings.(Para.5)Meaning:So,ifwewanttopayapersonalvisit,wecandoitafterworkorontheweekendwhentherearesocialgatherings.★save…for:keep…forfulureuse以备后用Donotspendallyourmoneynow;savesomeforanotherday.不要把钱现在都用完，留点以后哪天用。Canyousaveyourstoryforlater?你能不能把你的故事留在以后讲？Toustheimpersonalityofelectroniccommunicationhaslittleornorelationtothesignificanceofthemalterathand.(Para.6)Meaning:Tous,thelackofpersonalfeelingsofelectroniccommunicalionhaslittleornorelationtotheimportanceofthematterwearediscussing.★significance:/?,[sing.,U]theimportanceofanevent,action,etc.Moneyatthistimeholdsnosignificanceforhim.现在钱对他并不重要。Thesignificanceforcollegestudentstodoapart-timejobismorethanmoneyandexperience.大学生打工的意义不仅仅在于钱和经验。★athand:underdiscussion;beingconsideredHerquestionisnotrelatedtothematterathand.她提的问题跟正在考虑的事情无关。Thequestionathandrelatestoouruseofresources.我们考虑的问题与资源利用相关。nearintimeorpositionThegreatdayisathand.重大节日即将到来。Realizingthattheendofhiscareerisnearathand识到退休在即，他着手寻找额外的收入。Havingtherightequipmentathandwillbeveryhelpful.手边有合适的设备可用将非常有帮助。Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessisconductedwithouteyecontact.requiringface-to-faceconversation.(Para.6)Meaning:Insomecountries.importantbusinessmu