山东省滨州市2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 （含答案解析）

试卷第=page1010页，共=sectionpages1111页试卷第=page1111页，共=sectionpages1111页山东省滨州市2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Canyouregainthethrillofreadingthatyouexperiencedasachild?Timetodustoffsomeofthebestchildhoodclassicseverwritten.HeidibyJohannaSpyriThisisthestoryoffive-year-oldHeidi,anorphan(孤儿)whoissenttolivewithherroughgrandfatherintheSwissAlpsandcharmseveryoneshemeetswithhersunnypersonality-fromthescarygrandfathertoPetertheshepherd,hisblindgrandmotherand,infact,thegoats.WhatKatyDidbySusanCoolidgeIttellsthestoryofrebellious(叛逆的)KatyCarrandherviolentbrothersandsistersrunningrelativelywild,despitethebesteffortsoftheirfatherandlong-sufferingaunt.Therearealotoflifelessonsprovidedinthesepagesbutit’sneverhigh-handed,alwaysgentleandquietlyinspiring.TheStoryofHollyandIvybyRumerGoddenThisstoryisaboutmagic,Christmasandthepowerofmakingwishes.TheseriesofeventsthatbringHollyandIvytogetherwouldn’tstandupinreallifeforanano-second,butthestoryissomovinglytoldthateverytimeyoureadit,yourfaithisrestoredinthewonderofChristmas-atimewhendreamscometrueandwonderscanhappen.TheFlightoftheDovesbyWalterMackenItpresentsthefast,crazyandhair-raisingjourneyoforphanedbrothersandsistersFinnandDervalDove,ontherunacrossEnglandtoescapethecontroloftheirevilstepfatherandreachtheirbelovedIrishgrannyinthewestofIreland.1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhatKatyDid?A．Wild.B．Violent.C．Abstract.D．Encouraging.2．WhatkindofbookisTheStoryofHollyandIvy?A．Afolktale.B．AfantasystoryC．Alegendstory.D．Asciencefiction3．WhatdoHeidiandTheFlightoftheDoveshaveincommon?A．Theytellaboutabadfather.B．TheirstorieshappeninBritain.C．Theyareaboutafrighteningtrip.D．Theirmaincharactersloseparents.FrederickBantinghatedschool.HavinggrownuponafarmnearAlliston,Ontario,Fredwasagoodworkerbutfeltuncomfortableandunacceptedinatownschool.Aftergraduation,hebeganstudiestobecomeaminister.Whenthatdidnotgowell,hechangedhisgoaltomedicine.WorldWarIarrived,andthegreatneedforfieldmedics(救护人员)resultedintheearlygraduationofFred.Afterthewar,theyoungCanadiandoctorreturnedhometosetuphispractice.Justthenhebegantofocusonarticlesondiabetes(糖尿病),adiseasethathadclaimedthelifeofaneighbour’schild.Tosolvetheproblemofthisdisease,FredapproachedDr.J.J.R.MacleodattheUniversityofTorontoandeventuallyconvincedDr.Macleodtosupporthim.In1920,FredhappilyenteredapoorlyequippedlaboratoryandwasgivenayoungassistantnamedCharlesBest.FredandCharlesworkeddayandnight,butearlyresultsinproducingthehormone(激素)preparationtheycalledinsulin(胰岛素)werediscouraging.Manyoftheanimalstheytreateddied.Finallyoneanimalsurvivedforseveralweeks.Theteamappearedtobefinallygettingsomewhere,anditwastimetomoveontohumansubjects.Beforetreatinghumanpatients,however,FredandCharlestestedthesafetyoftheirinsulineachother.Theirtestswereatriumph.Thefirstpatienttobetreatedwasafourteen-year-oldboynamedLeonard.Theyearwas1921.Thepoorboyweighedonlyseventy-fivepounds,andhewasbarelyalive.ButthenewinsulintreatmentadministeredbyFredandCharleswasagreatsuccess.Leonardgainedweight,andhishealthdramaticallyimproved.In1923,theNobelPrizeinmedicinewasawardedjointlytoCanadiandoctorsFrederickBantingandJ.J.R.Macleod.Fredcouldhavemadehimselfamillionairewithhisdiscovery.Instead,hesoldhispatentfortheproductionofinsulintotheUniversityofToronto-foronedollar-sothatthedrugcouldbemarketedcheaplyandthousandsoflivescouldbesavedandimproved.ThankstoFred,diabeticsareabletolivenormalliveswherebeforeitwasimpossible.4．WhatdoesparagraphIfocuson?A．WhyFredgraduatedearly.B．HowFredtookuptheresearch.C．WhyFredchangedhislifegoal.D．WhatFredexperiencedinthewar.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“triumph”meaninparagraph2?A．Victory.B．Reference.C．Challenge.D．Demonstration.6．WhydidFredsellhispatent?A．Tomakemoney.B．Toearnreputation.C．Tobenefitpatients.D．Topromoteinsulin.7．Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleforthetext?A．ASuccessfulTestB．AFamousDoctorC．AnUnlikelyHeroD．AGreatDiscoveryThedebateoverwhichisthetrueoceantoppredator(捕食者)hasfinallybeenputtobed，afterscientistsreleasedthefirst-evervideostudyofkillerwhaleshuntingandkillinggreatwhitesharksoffthecoastofSouthAfrica.ThisweekscientistsfromRhodesandStellenboschuniversitiesinSouthAfricareleasedextendeddrone(无人机)andhelicoptervideosshotduringthesummerthatprovidesunanswerableproofthatkillerwhalesusetheirfamouspackhuntingskillstocatchandfeedonthelargestsharkspecies.Thevideosshowsthreekillerwhalesencirclingandeventuallykillingagreatwhiteshark.Studyauthorssayatleastthreesharkswerekilledbythesmallgroupduringanhour-longhunt.Killerwhaleshavebeenrecordedcatchingandfeedingonothersharkspeciesandin2019videosappearedofagroupkillingahealthyadultbluewhaleestimatedtomeasurebetween18and22metersinlength.“Theirgrouphuntingmethodsmakethemunbelievablyeffectivepredators,”saidmarinemammalspecialistSimonElwen,whoco-authoredthestudy.Weighingupto9tonsandarmedwithlargeconical(圆锥形的)teeth，thekillerwhales’impressiveorganstructureaidsinbattlesagainstdangerousandoversizedenemies.ButitisintelligenceandcooperativebehaviorthatgivesthespeciesitsrealedgeoverthecompetitionTheso-calledkaratechop(空手道)isafavoredtechniqueinsharkhunting,bywhichthewhalewillgivepowerfultailstrikestotheheadofthefish.Killerwhalesthenturnoverthesharkontoitsback，makingtheprey(猎物)inactiveanddefenseless.Killerwhalesindifferentregionsshowpreferencefordifferentpreyanimals,suggestingthatsomehuntingtechniquesarelearnedbehaviorspasseddownthroughthegenerations.Somecommunitiespreferfeedingonschoolsofsalmonandherringwhileothersmightmainlytargetseals.8．Whichofthefollowingwaspreviouslythoughttobetherealoceantoppredators?A．Theseal.B．Theblueshark.C．Thekillerwhale.D．Thewhiteshark.9．Whydoestheauthormentionthevideosin2019?A．Tomakecomparisons.B．Toprovidefurtherproof.C．Tointroducethetopic.D．Toexplaintheargument.10．Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellus?A．Thewisdomofkillerwhales.B．Theadvantageskillerwhaleshave.C．Thebodystructureofkillerwhales.D．Thehuntingtechniqueskillerwhaleshave.11．Whatcanwelearnaboutkillerwhalesfromthelastparagraph?A．Theyliveingroups.B．Theyhavethesametaste.C．Theypassonhabitatstotheiryoung.D．Theyarebornwithgreathuntingskills.Thepopularityofsmartphonesmeansmostofusrelyonsmartphonesratherthanourmemorytokeeptrackofimportantinformation,suchasappointmentsorato-dolist.YetdespitefearsusersmaytocomeSufferfrom“digitaldementia(痴呆)”，findingtheirabilitytokeepinformationworsenstheyincreasinglyrelyondevicesasaformof“externalmemory”,astudyhasfoundtheoppositecouldbetrue.Storingcrucialpiecesofinformationonanelectronicdevicedoesnotrotyourmemoryskillsandcanactuallyboostyourabilitytorememberthingsyouwouldotherwiseforget.Researcherstook158volunteersagedbetween18and71andshowedthemupto12numberedcirclesonascreen.Someofthecircleswouldbrieflyappearpinkorbluebeforeallfadingtoayellowcolour,indicatingthattheyhadtobedraggedtoeitherthepinksideofthebluesideofthescreenatalaterpoint.Someofthecircleswereclassedas“highvalue”,someas“lowvalue”andsomeas“zerovalue”.Usershadtorememberwhichsideofthescreentodragthecirclestoinordertoearnpoints.Insomeoftheexperimentstheyhadtorelyontheirownmemories.Inothers,theycouldsetanelectronicreminderonadevice.Researchersfoundsubjectstendedtousedigitaldevicestostoreinformationaboutwhichwerethehighest-valuecircles.Thisledtoan18percentincreaseinaccuracywhenplacingthesecircles.Theyalsofound,totheirsurprise,usingelectronicremindersforhigh-valuecirclesledtoa27percentincreaseinaccuracywhendifferentiating(区分)frommemorybetweenthelowandzero-valuecircles,evenwhennoelectronicremindershadbeensetforthese.DrSamGilbert,fromUCL’sInstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience,said:“Theresultsshowthatextremalmemorytoolswork.Farfromcausing‘digitaldementia’,usinganextremalmemorydevicecanevenimproveourmemoryforinformationthatweneversavedelectronically.”12．Whatistheresultofthestudy?A．Cellphonesslowusdown.B．Cellphonesruinourhealth.C．Cellphonesleadtoaddiction.D．Cellphonesimprovememory.13．Howcouldthevolunteersearnpoints?A．Byputtingthecirclesinplace.B．Bytellingthevalueofthecircles.C．Byidentifyingthecolourofthecircles.D．Byrememberingthenumberofthecircles.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”refertoinparagraph3?A．Subjects.B．Thehigh-valuecircles.C．Digitaldevices.D．Thelowandzero-valuecircles.15．WhatisDrSam’sattitudetostoringinformationonanelectronicdevice?A．Critical.B．Unclear.C．Favorable.D．Objective.二、七选五Askingforhelpcanfeelscary.Wemayworrythattherequestwillberejectedorthatitwillbeaburdentothehelper.____16____Andafterward,theyoftenfeelbetterabouthavinghelpedthanweexpect.Scientistsconductedaseriesofsixexperiments.Altogether,morethan2,100peoplewereinvolvedintheresearch.Inoneexperiment,participantshadtoaskstrangerstotaketheirphotoatapublicbotanicalgarden.Inanother,participantsansweredquestionsabouttimeswhentheyhadeitheraskedfororgivenhelp.Researchershadthe“askers”guesshowthe“helpers”mightfeelabouttherequest.____17____Ineachexperiment,peoplewhoaskedforhelpunderestimatedthehelpers’willingnesstoassistandhowgoodtheywouldfeelafterward.____18____However,onlyfouroutof100peoplerefusedtotakethephoto,andthosewhodidtakeonesaidtheyfeltrelativelygoodaboutdoingthishelpfulactforastranger.____19____Aidingotherscancreatewhatisknownasa“helper’shigh”,reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection.“Wefeelgoodmakingapositivedifferenceinotherpeople’slives,”saidXuanZhao,coauthorofthenewstudy.Despitethesebenefits,thestudyauthorssaidthataskers’fearsfunctionedlike“barriers”,stoppingthemfrommakingarequest.Theynotedthatthetypeofrequestandculturaldifferencescouldaffectthewaypeoplereact.Thestudy’sresultssuggest,however,thatpeopleareusuallyhappytolendahand.____20____Zhaosaidthisresearchshouldprovidesomereassurancebecause“youmightbereallyunderestimatinghowwillingothersaretohelp.”A．Theaskersexpressedratherdifferentopinions.B．Thentheyaskedthehelpershowtheyactuallyfelt.C．Studiesshowthathelpingsomeoneoutmakesbothfeelgood.D．Pastresearchhasshownthatdoingkindactscanboostpeople’shealth.E．Butnewresearchshowsthatpeoplearemorewillingtohelpoutthanwethink.F．Expertssaythatifaskingforhelpfeelsuncomfortable,itcanbeusefultopractice.G．Forexample,askersexpectedstrangerstofeelinconveniencedbyarequesttotakeaphoto.三、完形填空Adaughtercomplainedtoherfatherthatherlifewasmiserable.Shedidn’tknowhowshewasgoingto____21____it.Itseemedjustasoneproblemwassolved,anotheronesoon____22____.Shewasalwaysworriedand____23____offightingandstrugglingallthetime.Herfather,achef,tookhertothe____24____.Hefilledthreepotswithwaterand____25____eachonahighfire.Oncethewaterbegantoboil,heputpotatoes,eggsandgroundcoffeebeansintothepots____26____.Aftertwentyminuteshe____27____theburners.Heputthepotatoesandeggsinabowlanddishedthecoffeeoutintoacup.“Lookcloser”,heexplainedthepotatoes,theeggsandcoffeebeanshadeachfacedthesame____28____theboilingwater.However,eachone____29____differently.Thepotatobecame____30____andsoftinboilingwater.____31____beingfragile(易碎的),theeggbecamehardinside.However,thegroundcoffeebeanswere____32____.Aftertheywereexposedtotheboilingwater,theychangedthewaterand____33____somethingnew,whoserichsweetsmellmakespeople____34____Thefatherasked“Whentroubleknocksonyourdoor,areyouapotato,anegg,oracoffeebean?”Thesewordsmadethedaughterlostinthoughtandseemedtocast____35____onherattitudetolife.21．A．manage B．switch C．grasp D．defend22．A．poured B．followed C．integrated D．joined23．A．afraid B．fond C．aware D．tired24．A．restaurant B．market C．kitchen D．restroom25．A．struck B．placed C．pushed D．lifted26．A．impatiently B．separately C．totally D．accidentally27．A．turnedoff B．brokedown C．tookaway D．straightenedup28．A．aim B．setting C．choice D．trouble29．A．expanded B．reacted C．responded D．struggled30．A．big B．rotten C．weak D．fresh31．A．Apartfrom B．Asfor C．Insteadof D．Dueto32．A．secure B．strange C．similar D．unique33．A．linked B．tackled C．created D．added34．A．surprised B．excited C．amused D．addicted35．A．light B．doubt C．shadow D．attention四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Yearsago,19-year-oldXieLeisaidgoodbyetoherfamilyandfriendsandboardedaplaneforLondon.Itwasthefirsttimethatshe____36____(leave)China.Tohelpwithher____37____(adapt)tothenewculture,XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily,Whenshemissedhome,shefelt____38____(comfort)tohaveasecondfamily.Thefirsttimethatshehadtowrite____39____essay,hertutorexplainedthatshemustacknowledge____40____otherpeoplehadsaidifshecitedtheirideas.XieLeiwasconfusedbecauseshethoughtsheknew____41____(little)thanotherpeople.Atfirst,inclass,XieLeihadnoideawhattosay____42____whatsurprisedherwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.EverythingstrangebeforeappearsquitenormaltoXieLeinow.____43____(engage)inBritishculturehashelpedheralot.Aswellasstudyinghard,she____44____(involve)insocialactivities.BritishpeoplearefascinatedbyChinesecultureandeagertolearnmoreaboutit,sosheiskeen_____45_____(share)itwiththem.SheisactingasaculturalmessengerbuildingabridgebetweenChinaandtheUK.五、根据中英文提示填写单词46．Itiseasytop________(察觉)whenstudentsaredistractedinclass.(根据中英文提示填空)47．Ambitiousando________(乐观的),theydon’tstopuntiltheyreachforthestars.(根据中英文提示填空)48．Scientistshavebeenpursuingvariouspossibilitiestosolvefoods________(短缺).(根据中英文提示填空)49．Thisisreallyani________(难以置信地)newareaintermsofdealingwithcomputercrime.(根据中英文提示填空)50．Manystudentshaves________(订阅)tothemagazineandreceivedafreelimited-editionT-shirt.(根据中英文提示填空)六、邀请信51．假定你是李华，你校将举办第二届“多彩中国”英语短视频大赛，请给你校来自英国的留学生John写封邮件，邀请他参赛。内容包括：1.比赛目的：2.作品要求;3.投稿地址(ColorfulChina＠)和截止日期。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearJohn,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Your,LiHua七、读后续写52．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。WhatGoesAroundComesAroundOnedayanoldladywastrappedonthesideoftheroadinthedimlight.Noonehadstoppedtohelpforthelasthourorso.Thenamanlookingpoorandhungrypulledupinfrontofhercarandgotout.Hecouldseethatshewasfrightened,standingoutthereinthecold.Hesaid,“I’mheretohelpyou,ma’am.Whynotwaitinthecarwhereit’swarm?Bytheway,mynameisBryanAnderson.”Well，allshehadwasaflattire，butforanoldlady，thatwasbadenough.Bryancrawled(蜷缩)underthecarlookingforaplacetoputhejack(千斤顶)，skinninghisfingersatimeortwo.Soonhewasabletochangethetire.Buthegotdirtyandhishandshurt.TheoldladytoldhimshewasfromSt.Louisandwasonlyjustpassingthrough.Shealreadyimaginedalltheawfulthingsthatcouldhavehappenedhadhenotstopped.Shecouldn’tthankhimenoughforcomingtoheraidandaskedhowmuchsheowedhim.Anyamountwouldhavebeenallrightwithher.Bryanjustsmiledandtoldherthatifshereallywantedtopayhimback,thenexttimeshesawsomeonewhoneededhelp,shecouldgivethatpersontheassistancetheyneeded.Bryanadded,“Andthinkofme.”Heneverthoughttwiceaboutbeingpaid.Hehadlivedhiswholelifethatway,anditneveroccurredtohimtoactanyotherway.Hewaiteduntilshestartedhercaranddroveoff.Afewmilesdowntheroadtheoldladysawasmalldirty-lookingrestaurant.Shewentinandorderedasimplemealpricedat5S.Thewaitresswastogivebirthtoherbabyinamonthbutshewasstillbusyclearingtables,fillingsugarbowlsandservingpeople.AtthatmomentsherememberedBryan.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Afterfinishingthemeal,theoldladypaidwithone100Sbill._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Justthenthewaitressspottedsomemoremoneyandanoteonthetable._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page1212页，共=sectionpages1212页答案第=page1111页，共=sectionpages1212页参考答案：1．D

2．B

3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些最好的童年经典著作。1．细节理解题。根据WhatKatyDidbySusanCoolidge中的“Therearealotoflifelessonsprovidedinthesepagesbutit’sneverhigh-handed,alwaysgentleandquietlyinspiring.(在这些页面上提供了许多人生课程，但它从来都不是专横的，总是温柔和安静的鼓舞人心)”可知HeidiWhatKatyDid这本书是鼓舞人心的，故选D。2．细节理解题。根据TheStoryofHollyandIvybyRumerGodden中的“Thisstoryisaboutmagic,Christmasandthepowerofmakingwishes.(这个故事是关于魔法、圣诞节和许愿的力量的)”可知TheStoryofHollyandIvy是一本奇幻故事，故选B。3．细节理解题。根据HeidibyJohannaSpyri中的“Thisisthestoryoffive-year-oldHeidi,anorphan(孤儿)(这是一个5岁的孤儿海蒂的故事)”和TheFlightoftheDovesbyWalterMacken中的“Itpresentsthefast,crazyandhair-raisingjourneyoforphanedbrothersandsistersFinnandDervalDove(这部电影讲述了孤儿兄弟芬恩和德瓦尔·达夫的快速、疯狂和令人毛骨悚然的旅程)”可知这两部书的主人公都是孤儿，故选D。4．B

5．A

6．C

7．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了无名英雄Fred在一战后投身于糖尿病研究，在Macleod博士的支持下研制出胰岛素，并在1923年获得诺贝尔奖。本可以成为百万富翁，但最终Fred以一美元的价格卖掉了该专利，希望能让更多的病人得到救治。4．主旨大意题。第一段“Aftergraduation,hebeganstudiestobecomeaminister.Whenthatdidnotgowell,hechangedhisgoaltomedicine.WorldWarIarrived,andthegreatneedforfieldmedics(救护人员)resultedintheearlygraduationofFred.Afterthewar,theyoungCanadiandoctorreturnedhometosetuphispractice.Justthenhebegantofocusonarticlesondiabetes(糖尿病),adiseasethathadclaimedthelifeofaneighbour’schild.(毕业后，他开始学习成为一名牧师。当事情进展不顺利时，他把目标转向了医学。第一次世界大战到来，对战地医生的巨大需求导致Fred提前毕业。战争结束后，这位年轻的加拿大医生回到家中开始行医。就在那时，他开始专注于糖尿病方面的文章，一种夺去邻居孩子生命的疾病)”以时间顺序讲述了Fred毕业后的一系列发展：从学习成为牧师到战地医生再到最后开始研究糖尿病。所以第一段重点是Fred是如何开始从事这项（糖尿病）研究的。故答案为B。5．词义猜测题。第二段“Theirtestswereatriumph.”中的Theirtests指代Fred和Charles在他们自己身上做的胰岛素实验。根据前一句“Beforetreatinghumanpatients,however,FredandCharlestestedthesafetyoftheirinsulineachother.(然而，在治疗人类患者之前，Fred和Charles相互测试了胰岛素的安全性)”可知，在真正治疗人类病人之前，他们首先要在自己身上做实验查看效果。再根据第三段“ButthenewinsulintreatmentadministeredbyFredandCharleswasagreatsuccess.Leonardgainedweight,andhishealthdramaticallyimproved.(但Fred和Charles实施的新胰岛素治疗取得了巨大成功。Leonard体重增加，他的健康状况显著改善)”可知他们治疗的第一个病人取得成功，由此推测出，Fred和Charles在自己身上的实验成功之后，他们才会真正去治疗人类病人且取得成功。故划线部分triumph是“成功”的含义。故答案为A。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Instead,hesoldhispatentfortheproductionofinsulintotheUniversityofToronto-foronedollar-sothatthedrugcouldbemarketedcheaplyandthousandsoflivescouldbesavedandimproved.(相反，他以一美元的价格将自己的胰岛素生产专利卖给了多伦多大学，这样这种药物就能廉价上市，挽救和改善成千上万的生命)”可知Fred卖出专利的原因是想让更多的病人得到救治，所以C选项“让病人受益”符合题意。故答案为C。7．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了无名英雄Fred在战后投身于糖尿病研究，在Macleod博士的支持下研制出胰岛素，并在1923年获得诺贝尔奖。本可以成为百万富翁，但最终Fred以一美元的价格卖掉了该专利希望能让更多的病人得到救治，所以C选项“一位难以置信的英雄”可以作为文章标题。故答案为C。8．D

9．B

10．B

11．A【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了科学家们发布了首个虎鲸在南非海岸猎杀大白鲨的视频研究后，关于哪一种是真正的海洋顶部捕食者的争论终于平息了，即虎鲸才是真正的顶级捕食者。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thedebateoverwhichisthetrueoceantoppredatorhasfinallybeenputtobed，afterscientistsreleasedthefirst-evervideostudyofkillerwhaleshuntingandkillinggreatwhitesharksoffthecoastofSouthAfrica.”(科学家们发布了首个虎鲸在南非海岸猎杀大白鲨的视频研究后，关于哪一种是真正的海洋顶部捕食者的争论终于平息了。)故可推知，大白鲨以前被认为是真正的海洋顶级捕食者。故选D项。9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“ThisweekscientistsfromRhodesandStellenboschuniversitiesinSouthAfricareleasedextendeddroneandhelicoptervideosshotduringthesummerthatprovidesunanswerableproofthatkillerwhalesusetheirfamouspackhuntingskillstocatchandfeedonthelargestsharkspecies.”(本周，来自南非罗德大学和斯泰伦博斯大学的科学家发布了夏季拍摄的无人机和直升机视频，提供了无可辩驳的证据，证明虎鲸利用它们著名的群体狩猎技能捕捉并捕食最大的鲨鱼物种。)提到有证据证明，虎鲸是是真正的海洋顶端捕食者。再结合第三段“Killerwhaleshavebeenrecordedcatchingandfeedingonothersharkspeciesandin2019videosappearedofagroupkillingahealthyadultbluewhaleestimatedtomeasurebetween18and22metersinlength.”(虎鲸曾被记录到捕食其他鲨鱼物种，2019年出现了一群虎鲸杀死一头健康成年蓝鲸的视频，据估计，成年蓝鲸的体长在18至22米之间。)介绍2019年的视频，故可推知，作者提到2019年的视频是为了提供进一步的证据，证明虎鲸是真正的顶级捕食者。故选B项。10．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Theirgrouphuntingmethodsmakethemunbelievablyeffectivepredators,”saidmarinemammalspecialistSimonElwen,whoco-authoredthestudy.Weighingupto9tonsandarmedwithlargeconicalteeth，thekillerwhales＇impressiveorganstructureaidsinbattlesagainstdangerousandoversizedenemies.Butitisintelligenceandcooperativebehaviorthatgivesthespeciesitsrealedgeoverthecompetition.Theso-calledkaratechopisafavoredtechniqueinsharkhunting,bywhichthewhalewillgivepowerfultailstrikestotheheadofthefish.Killerwhalesthenturnoverthesharkontoitsback，makingthepreyinactiveanddefenseless.”(海洋哺乳动物专家西蒙·艾尔文是这项研究的合著者，他说：“它们的群体捕猎方式使它们成为令人难以置信的有效捕食者。”虎鲸重达9吨，拥有巨大的圆锥形牙齿，令人印象深刻的器官结构有助于对抗危险和超大的敌人。但它的智慧和合作行为赋予了该物种在竞争中真正的优势。所谓的空手道斩是鲨鱼捕猎中最受欢迎的技术，通过这种技术，鲸鱼会用尾巴有力地击打鱼的头部。然后虎鲸把鲨鱼翻到它的背上，使猎物失去活动能力和防御能力。)可知，第四段主要告诉我们虎鲸的优势。故选B项。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Killerwhalesindifferentregionsshowpreferencefordifferentpreyanimals,suggestingthatsomehuntingtechniquesarelearnedbehaviorspasseddownthroughthegenerations.Somecommunitiespreferfeedingonschoolsofsalmonandherringwhileothersmightmainlytargetseals.”（不同区域的虎鲸对不同的猎物表现出偏好，这表明一些捕猎技巧是代代相传的习得行为。一些群落更喜欢捕食成群的鲑鱼和鲱鱼，而另一些则主要以海豹为目标。）故可推知，从最后一段我们能了解到虎鲸是群居生活的。故选A项。12．D

13．A

14．D

15．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了将重要信息储存在电子设备上并不会腐蚀人的记忆能力，反而能提高记住可能会忘记的东西的能力。12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“astudyhasfoundtheoppositecouldbetrue.Storingcrucialpiecesofinformationonanelectronicdevicedoesnotrotyourmemoryskillsandcanactuallyboostyourabilitytorememberthingsyouwouldotherwiseforget(一项研究发现，事实可能恰恰相反。将重要信息储存在电子设备上并不会腐蚀你的记忆能力，反而能提高你记住可能会忘记的东西的能力)”可知，这项研究的结果证明手机提高了记忆力。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Usershadtorememberwhichsideofthescreentodragthecirclestoinordertoearnpoints(用户必须记住将圆圈拖到屏幕的哪一边才能获得积分)”可知，志愿者通过把圆圈放到位来获得分数。故选A。14．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Theyalsofound,totheirsurprise,usingelectronicremindersforhigh-valuecirclesledtoa27percentincreaseinaccuracywhendifferentiating(区分)frommemorybetweenthelowandzero-valuecircles(他们还发现，让他们惊讶的是，在区分低值圆和零值圆时，使用电子提醒对高值圆的准确率提高了27%)”以及“evenwhennoelectronicremindershadbeenset(即使没有设置电子提醒)”可知，在区分低值圆和零值圆时，即使没有设置电子提醒，使用电子提醒对高值圆的准确率也提高了27%。划线处和D项：Thelowandzero-valuecircles(低值和零值圆)含义相近。故选D。15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Farfromcausing‘digitaldementia’,usinganextremalmemorydevicecanevenimproveourmemoryforinformationthatweneversavedelectronically(使用极端的记忆设备不仅不会导致“数字痴呆”，甚至还能提高我们对从未通过电子方式保存的信息的记忆)”可知，DrSam’s对在电子设备上存储信息的态度是赞成的。故选C。16．E

17．B

18．G

19．D

20．F【导语】本文为说明文。文章讲述了科学家们进行了一系列实验，参与者必须要求陌生人在公共植物园拍照。要么请求帮助，要么给予帮助。而研究的结果表明，人们通常乐于伸出援手。16．由前文“Wemayworrythattherequestwillberejectedorthatitwillbeaburdentothehelper.(我们可能会担心请求会被拒绝，或者会给帮助者带来负担。)”和后文“Andafterward,theyoftenfeelbetterabouthavinghelpedthanweexpect.(之后，他们往往对帮助的感觉比我们预期的要好。)”可知，横线处的句子要承上启下，由担心会被拒绝到比预期效果要好可以推测横线处的句子表示转折，E选项的but符合语境。故选E项。17．由前文“Inanother,participantsansweredquestionsabouttimeswhentheyhadeitheraskedfororgivenhelp.Researchershadthe“askers”guesshowthe“helpers”mightfeelabouttherequest.(在另一项研究中，参与者回答了有关他们何时请求或给予帮助的问题。研究人员让“提问者”猜测“帮助者”对请求的感受。)”可知，横线处的句子要与之承接，B选项的helpers与上文的helpers对应，符合语境。故选B项。18．由前文“Ineachexperiment,peoplewhoaskedforhelpunderestimatedthehelpers’willingnesstoassistandhowgoodtheywouldfeelafterward.

(在每个实验中，寻求帮助的人都低估了帮助者的意愿以及他们之后的感觉有多好。)”和后文“However,onlyfouroutof100peoplerefusedtotakethephoto,andthosewhodidtakeonesaidtheyfeltrelativelygoodaboutdoingthishelpfulactforastranger.(然而，100人中只有4人拒绝拍照，而那些拍照的人说，他们觉得为陌生人做这个有用的行为相对较好。)”可知，横线处的句子承上启下，G选项的arequesttotakeaphoto与后文的refusedtotakethephoto相对应，符合语境。故选G项。19．由后文“Aidingotherscancreatewhatisknownasa“helper’shigh,“reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection.(帮助他人可以创造所谓的“帮助者的快感”，减轻压力并提供意义感和联系感。)”可知，横线处的句子要能够引出下文，D选项的boostpeople’shealth和后文的reducingstressandprovidingasenseofmeaningandconnection相对应，符合语境。故选D项。20．由最后一段首句“Despitethesebenefits,thestudyauthorssaidthataskers’fearsfunctionedlike“barriers,”stoppingthemfrommakingarequest.(尽管有这些好处，研究作者说，提问者的恐惧就像“障碍”一样，阻止他们提出要求。)”和前文“Thestudy’sresultssuggest,however,thatpeopleareusuallyhappytolendahand.(然而，该研究的结果表明