2008年10月SAT真题全解析

2008年10月SAT真题解析阅读Section21.此题为简单同义重复，空格处因填写与“significantimpact”同方向的词会，答案C（influential）正确。2.此题逻辑关系为同义重复，二空与“someoneshroudedinmystery”同方向，故答案B正确。3.题干中冒号提示本题逻辑关系为同义重复。空格处因填与“shewrotemorethan…”同方向词汇。答案C（aprolific）正确。4.题干中一共三重逻辑关系。借助于逻辑关系词even，一空与conventional同义重复，二空借助that从句同义重复。一二空之间借助nevertheless反义重复。故答案E正确。5.题干中两个for均提示本题为同义重复中因果关系。空格处应填“implementingsweeping…”内容同方向的词汇。答案D（precipitately）正确。Questions6-10arebasedonthefollowingpassages.Passage1Everyage,afterhisown,hasgoneinsearchofShakespeare.Thefirstbiographywaswrittenin1709.NowitisapooryearfortheShakespearebusinesswhentwoorthreemoredonotshowuponbookstoreshelves.Wewanttoknowwhohewashopingthatthenarrativeofhislifewillsomehowexplainthegeniusofhiswriting.Butitneverdoes.Wefindhimbutwhowefindonlyaddstothemystery.Howisitthatamanwithoutauniversityeducation,aglover'ssonfromasmallWarwickshiremarkettown,couldhavewrittentheplaysandpoemsthathavespokentogenerationsofreadersandtheatergoers?Passage2Stratford.Shakespeare'shometown,hasbecomeanalmostsacredplaceofpilgrimage,withtouristswaddlingreverentlyaroundthespectacularlytastelesscathedraloftheShakespeareMemorialTheatre.Animpressionablefewofthemareevenmovedtodofftheircapsordiscardtheiricecreams.Shakespeare'sfamiliarhigh-domedhead,animagethatisquitepossiblynothimatall,hasadornedeverythingfromTVbeercommercialstoBritishcurrency.Heisthepresidinggeniusofthenationalspirit,akindofheroinaneckruff.Withouthimindustrieswouldcrashandideologiescrumble.Itisevenrumoredthathealsowroteplays.分析：Passage1对Shakespeare是正面的态度。而Passage2对Shakespeare是负面的态度。从首句的tastelesscathedral就可以看出。整个P2比P1要难以看懂些。P2的每一句都是对Shakespeare的一个讽刺，不明白为什么去悼念他，讽刺整个经济对他的依赖，讽刺人们对关于他评论的盲从。6.TheauthorofPassage1wouldlikelyclaimthatStratford'shavingbecome"analmostsacredplaceofpilgrimage"(lines12-13.Passage2)is(A)inappropriategivenShakespeare'shumblebeginnings(B)atoddswithShakespeare'scurrentstatusamongliteraryscholars(C)unsurprisinggiventheintensecuriosityShakespeareinspires(D)unusualinanagethatcommercializesShakespeare(E)puzzlingconsideringhowsmallthetownofStratfordis分析：P1观点对Shakespeare正面态度，选择一个符合P1想法的就为答案。7.ComparedwiththetoneofPassage1.thetoneofPassage2ismore求异/态度(A)optimistic(B)appreciative(C)impartial(D)uncertain(E)irreverent分析：P2对Shakespeare是负面态度及讽刺。选表达负面的选项。8.Inline17,"familiar"mostnearlymeans词汇题(A)sociable(B)presumptuous：ofapersonortheirbehaviour)failingtoobservethelimitsofwhatispermittedorappropriate(C)ordinary(D)closelyacquainted(E)easilyrecognized分析：Familiar：wellknownfromlongorcloseassociation；(familiarwith)havingagoodknowledgeof9.ThefinalsentenceinPassage2isbestinterpretedas推理题(A)aself-deprecatingacknowledgmentthattheauthorisnotanexpertonShakespeare(B)afactualobservationabouttheextentofthepublic'sknowledgeofliterature(C)ahumorousadmissionthatagreatdealremainsunknownaboutShakespeare'slife(D)aderisivecommentaboutthepublic'slackofrealengagementwithShakespeare'swork(E)asnidecommentaryonthepublic'swillingnesstobelieverumors10.Bothpassagessupportthepointthat求同题(A)manyofthegenerallyaccepteddetailsaboutShakespeare'slifeareprobablyinaccurate(B)Shakespearewasageniusofthehighestmagnitude(C)fewpeopletodayactuallyreadShakespeare'swork(D)verylittleisknownaboutcertainperiodsofShakespeare'slife(E)athrivingindustryisdependentonShakespeare'slifeandwork分析：第一篇文章NowitisapooryearfortheShakespearebusinesswhentwoorthreemoredonotshowuponbookstoreshelves.第二篇文章Shakespeare'sfamiliarhigh-domedhead,animagethatisquitepossiblynothimatall,hasadornedeverythingfromTVbeercommercialstoBritishcurrency.分别都提到Shakespeare对经济的重要性。Questions11-16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thispassageisadaptedfromacontemporarybookaboutjewelry.InthewakeoftheIndustrialRevolution,whenmassproductionbecametheprideandjoyofnineteenth-centuryentrepreneurs,afast-growingmiddleclassreveledintheluxuryofconsumergoods,includingjewelry,madeavailableateconomicalprices.Prosperoussegmentsofthepopulationwantedtodemonstratetheiraffluence,adevelopmentthatprovidedapowerfulstimulustothejewelryindustryinbothEuropeandtheUnitedStates.在工业革命苏醒之际，大规模生产变成了十九世纪企业家的骄傲和自豪。快速发展的中产阶级让奢侈品变成了大众消费品。百姓中富裕的人们想要显示自己的富裕。而这一因素的存在也快速激励了美国及欧洲的珠宝行业。Inthisavalancheofmassproduction,manyartistsandartisansoftheArtsandCraftsmovementfeltthatthehumantouch,respectformaterials,andthesatisfactionofafinefinishwerebeinglost.Jewelry,likeotherarticles,wasbecomingimpersonal,carelesslyconstructed,unimaginativelydesigned.Thoughlabeledromanticandidealistic,someartistssoughttoproduceindividuallyconceivedandexecutedpiecesinworkshopsituationssimilartothoseofmedievalguilds.Theywantedtoproduce,handmadejewelryfromless-expensivematerialsforthegeneralpublic,yetwiththesamecareandcommitmentacourtjewelermightapplytoworkforaristocraticclientele.Inmedievaltimestherehadbeenartisansintownsandvillages,workingforordinarypeopleonaone-to-onebasis;theadherentsofthemovementfelttherewasanurgencytoreturntothisspecialrelationship.Itwasconsideredparticularlyimportantthatartistsbeinvolvedtoensuretheproductionofmoremeaningfulobjects,whethertheybepottery,furniture,or,especially,jewelry.Thematerialusedinjewelrywasprizedforitsdecorativeandsymboliceffects,notforitsintrinsicvalue.Rejectingtheclutteredoverornamentationofthepast,artistsinfluencedbyArtNouveausoughttodrawpopularinterestawayfrommachine-madeproductsbyincorporatingmoredelicateandfluidnaturalforms—peacockfeathers,flowerstalks,vinetendrils,eveninsectwings.在这个大规模生产的爆发中，在这场艺术手工变革的很多艺术家和手工制作者觉得人们内心的触动，对物质的高要求，和完成品的完美感都全部丢失。珠宝，就如同其它的商品一般，变得不再是个人化（而是大众消费化）变得粗糙的做工，乏味的涉及。尽管有些艺术家依然保留那些浪漫主义情怀和完美主义的心境，但是大多数的他们在工厂所造就的珠宝盒在那些中世纪的商会中所造的珠宝没什么两样。（这里强调这时候工厂的艺术者和中世纪的商会所造的珠宝都不好。）他们（应该指的是那些工作的艺术家）想要造出为大众设置的廉价材料的珠宝，但是一个皇家的珠宝设计师获取用同样的关注和承诺在为贵族做珠宝。在中世纪时期，在城市和村庄有很多手工制造者，为基层百姓工作。那些这种运动的执着者觉得很有必要回归这种原始的手工对应个人需要的关系。觉得非常重要的是：让艺术者确保产品的意义是很重要的，无论这个产品是瓷器，家具，还是珠宝。珠宝中所运用的材料为一只被赞誉它装饰性和象征性的效果而并不是内在的价值。艺术家反对过去风格中的复杂的过于装饰，他们受新艺术形式的影响追求优雅的自然形式来吸引大众，让大众原来大规模生存。11.Accordingtothepassage,mass-producedjewelryandthatproducedbyfollowersoftheArtsandCraftsmovementwerealikeinthatboth细节题(A)couldbemadequicklyoilalarge-scalebasis(B)couldbecustom-designedforaparticularindividual(C)wereintendedtobeaffordable(D)wereaswellcraftedasthejewelryofthewealthy(E)werecarefullymarketedproducts分析：文章首句讲到madeavailableateconomicalprices和第二段Theywantedtoproduce,handmadejewelryfromless-expensivematerialsforthegeneralpublic都表示想让产品是能让大众消费得起的。12.ForadherentsoftheArtsandCraftsmovement,theguildconceptrepresented推理题(A)avulgardistortionofartisticprinciples(B)aregressivethrowbacktomedievaltimes(C)apracticalmeanstorealizetheirideals(D)asymboloftheprivilegethatonlyroyaltycouldenjoy(E)aninnovativeapproachtomanufacturingluxuryitemsonawidescale分析：此题属于难题。得确定题干中的adherents其实就是原文中的manyartistsandartisansoftheArtsandCraftsmovement。。。和someartistssought。。。再看有guild的句子：someartistssoughttoproduceindividuallyconceivedandexecutedpiecesinworkshopsituationssimilartothoseofmedievalguilds。从次句会发现这里将medievalguild和workshop做了类别。那么medievalguild和workshop具备同样是性质。Atthesametime,theArtNouveaustylewasinspiringartistsandartisansalloverEurope,acrosstheAtlanticandbackagain.Itsflowinglinesandgracefulforms,drawingnatureinitsperfectionandportrayingidealizedimages,pervadedallareasofdesign,fromfabricsandfurnituretocutlery,aswellaspaintingandsculpture.Bornoutofadirectoppositiontounbridledmassproduction,ArtNouveauwasintendedtobringaestheticvalueswithinthereachofthepublicandintofunctionalareas.PerhapsitwasinjewelrythatArtNouveaureacheditspinnacle.Herethestylerepresentedareactionagainsttheimitationofstylesfromearlierperiodsandtheemphasisgiventopreciousstones.Thematerialusedinjewelrywasprizedforitsdecorativeandsymboliceffects,notforitsintrinsicvalue.Rejectingtheclutteredoverornamentationofthepast,artistsinfluencedbyArtNouveausoughttodrawpopularinterestawayfrommachine-madeproductsbyincorporatingmoredelicateandfluidnaturalforms—peacockfeathers,flowerstalks,vinetendrils,eveninsectwings.与此同时，新艺术风格正在激烈整个欧洲的手工制造者和艺术家恢复过去的样子。完美的流线，优雅的格调，画出物质本来美的一面侵袭这这个设计风尚。这个风尚蔓延着从布料，到家具，到画幅，到雕塑。新艺术的产生是由于大规模生存的驱使，新艺术想将新的美学感注入一定领域。可能是在珠宝领域，让新艺术到底了顶峰。在这个领域的风格代表了反感模仿的反应。pinnaclenounahighpointedpieceofrock尖锥形岩石■asmallpointedturretbuiltasanornamentonaroof（屋顶上作装饰的）小尖塔；尖顶■themostsuccessfulpoint;theculmination顶峰，巅峰，极点，顶点13.Inlines28-46,theauthorindicatesthatthedesignsofArtNouveauobjectswereinspiredby细节题(A)naturalimages(B)mythicalfigures(C)abstractideas(D)functionalobjects(E)elaboratedevices分析：第三段最后一句话drawpopularinterestawayfrommachine-madeproductsbyincorporatingmoredelicateandfluidnaturalforms—peacockfeathers,flowerstalks,vinetendrils,eveninsectwings.表达是重自然现象中吸取创造灵感。14.Lines40-42("Thematerial...value")indicatethatthematerialsthatweremosthighlyprizedforArtNouveaujewelrywerethosethat细节题(A)werethemostconvenienttoobtain(B)werebothfashionableandprecious(C)hadbeentreasuredoverthecenturies(D)couldbemass-producedeconomically(E)werebeautifulandmeaningful分析：有定位句子字面意思可理解prizedforitsdecorativeandsymboliceffects是为美感。TheidealsoftheArtsandCraftsmovementwereincompletesympathywiththeconceptsofArtNouveau,andartistsandartisansimplementedtheminpracticalwaysbyformingsmallgroups,guilds,andworkshopsinBritain,Germany,andAustria.Yetinspiteofallefforts,theArtsandCraftsmovementcouldnotsurviveitslackofwidecommercialappeal.Becausethemovementreliedonanunaggressiveand"uncommercial"approachtobusiness,itnevercaughtonwiththepeopleforwhomitsproductswereintended.Still,themovementproducedfar-reachingrepercussionslongafteritsuntimelydeath.Itsinternationalassociations,itsidealsofartists'involvementwiththecrafts,oftheintegrityofartistsandartisans,andofsocialawarenessweretoinspireentiregenerationstocome.艺术和手工运动和新艺术风的理念是一致的，艺术家们切实的贯彻这样的风尚。但是尽管他们很努力，这个运动和还是确定经济诱惑而以失败告终。因为这个运动依靠于非激进非商业化的首段进军商业，他从来没有被他们的消费者所吸引。但是，在这个运动完结后，它还是造成了深远的影响。它的国际化联盟，它的理念深入了手工业，艺术家，手工制作者，社会的意识，这种理念激励这全新一代的来临。15.Lines53-55("Bended")primarilyindicatethat细节题(A)artistsofthedayyieldedtooeasilytoprofit-makingmotives(B)ArtsandCraftsartistsdidnoteffectivelymarkettheirproducts(C)theArtsandCraftsmovementwascompromisedbytheIndustrialRevolution(D)thewealthywerenotopentoexperimentingwithinnovativedesignsinjewelry(E)anincreasinglyculturedmiddleclassweakenedtheinfluenceoftheArtsandCraftsmovement分析：定位句的上一句话theArtsandCraftsmovementcouldnotsurviveitslackofwidecommercialappeal.和定位句都表明没有在市场上奏效16.ThepassageimpliesthatwhattheArtsandCraftsmovementandArtNouveauhadincommonwastheir推理题(A)purposeofinstructingpeoplehowtocrafttheirownjewelry(B)purposeofproducingalternativestomass-producedgoods(C)desiretoattractpatronswhowouldfundtheirprojects(D)plantoproduceaccessoriestomatchpeople'swardrobes(E)hopeofproducingjewelrythatreplicatedclassicaldesigns分析：全文来看，两种形式是理念想切合的艺术观，同时也是为了出台一种去当下（大规模的生产）不同的产品理念。Questions17-24arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthispassageadaptedfromanovel,aCanadianwomanrecallsherchildhoodduringthe1960s.OriginallyfromChina,thefamilytraveledtoIrvine,Ontario,Canada,wheretheparentsopenedarestaurant,theDragonCafe.AsayoungchildIneverreallythoughtaboutmyparents'livesinIrvine,howsmalltheirworldmusthaveseemed,neverextendingbeyondtheDragonCafe.Everydaymyparentsdidthesamejobsintherestaurant.Iwatchedthesamecustomerscomeformeals,formorningcoffee,forafternoonsoftdrinksandFrenchfries.Formyparentsonedaywaslikethenext.Theysettledintoanuneasyanddistantrelationshipwitheachother.Theirlove,theirtenderness,theygavetome.17.Intheopeningparagraph,thenarratoremphasizesprimarilywhichofthefollowingaboutherparents?主旨题(A)Theirworkethic(B)Theirevolvingrelationship(C)Theirroutinelives(D)Theirresourcefulness(E)Theirdependability分析：根据第一段字面意思可选择出答案。并且文章的Formyparentsonedaywaslikethenext.表达出作者观察的生活每一天都是日复一日的过着的。18.Thesentenceinline10("But...changing")servesprimarilyto目的题/句子(A)lamentasituation(B)introduceacontrast(C)challengeaclaim(D)emphasizeadesire(E)reiterateapoint分析：联系下文，下文表达，生活变化了，特别是后文表达自己的逐渐的变化和千万促成鲜明对比。Butmylifewaschanging.Ibecametallerandbigger,mysecondteethgrewinwhiteandstraight.AtschoolIbegantolearnaboutmyadoptedcountry.IspokeEnglishlikeanative,withoutatraceofanaccent.Iplayed,thought,anddreamedinthelanguageofourIrvineneighbors.AfewyearslaterandIwouldnolongerrememberatimewhenIdidn'tspeaktheirwordsandreadtheirbooks.ButmyfatherandUncleYatstillspokethesamehaltingEnglish.Mymotherspokeonlyafewwords.Ibegantotranslateconversationstheyhadwiththecustomers,switchingbetweenEnglishandChinese.WheneverIsteppedoutsidetherestaurantitseemedIwasenteringaworldunknowntomyfamily:school,church,friends'houses,thetownbeyondMainStreet.Ifoundithardtoimagineayearwithoutwinteranymore,ahomeotherthanIrvine.19.Theprimarypurposeofthesecondparagraph(lines10-24)isto目的题/段落(A)provideinsightintothemotivationsofthenarrator'sparentsanduncle(B)recapturethepleasurethenarratorexperiencedinlearninganewlanguage(C)emphasizetheextentofthetransformationthenarratorundergoes(D)describethecomplexinterrelationshipsinthenarrator'sfamily(E)revealthenarrator'spreferenceforacoldclimateoverawarmone分析：作者在此段表达，自己慢慢的逐步改变，逐步融入新的文化里。Formymother,though,homewouldalwaysbeChina.InIrvineshelivedamongstrangers,unabletospeaktheirlanguage.Whenevershetalkedabouthappytimes,theywereduringherchildhoodinthatdistantland.Awistfulsmilewouldsoftenherfaceasshetoldmeaboutsleepingandplayingwithhersisterintheatticaboveherparents'bedroom.Sheonceshowedmeapieceofjade-greensilkcloththatwasfrayedandwornaroundtheedge.Inthecenterwasawhitelotusfloatinginvaryingshadesofbluewater,theembroiderysofinethatwhenIhelditatarm'slengththepetalslookedreal.IhadbeenhelpingherstoreawaymysummerclothesinthebrownleathersuitcasefromHongKongwhenInoticedapieceofshinymaterialinthecornerandaskedherwhatitwas.Shelookitoutandspreaditonherlap."Mymotherembroideredthisherself.Iwasgoingtohaveitmadeintoacushion,butthenmylifechangedandoverherethereseemstobenoplaceforlovelythings.It'sallIhavethatremindsmeofher,"shesaid."Maybe,Su-Jen,onedayyouwilldosomethingwithit."Iadmiredtheclothsomemore,thenshecarefullyfoldeditandstoreditbackinhersuitcase.20.Thesentenceinline25("For...China")servesto目的题(A)introduceakeyideadevelopedlaterinthepassage(B)initiateabriefdigressionfromthestoryline(C)illustrateageneralizationmadeinthepreviousparagraph(D)pointtoasituationanalogoustooneexperiencedbythenarrator(E)foreshadowanunexpectedincident21.Lines25-27("Formy...language")suggestprimarilythatinhernewcountrythemotherexperiencedfeelingsof态度题(A)dread：anticipatewithgreatapprehensionorfear(B)confusion(C)intrigue(D)isolation：theprocessorfactofisolatingorbeingisolated(E)irritationTherewassolittleleftfromheroldlife.Shesaiditwassolongagothatsometimesitfeltasifithadneverhappened.ButshedescribedherlifewithsuchclarityandvividnessthatIknewallthosememorieslivedoninsideher.Therewassolittleinthisnewcountrythatgaveherpleasure.ThegoodthingsshefoundwererelatedinsomewaytoChina:anariafromaChineseopera,aletterfromarelativebackhomeorfromAuntHai-LaninToronto,writteninChinese,afamiliar-lookingscriptthatIcouldn'treadandthathadnothingtodowithmylifeinCanada.ThereweretimeswhenIfeltguiltyaboutmyownhappinessinIrvine.WehadcometoCanadabecauseofme,butIwastheonlyonewhohadfoundahome.22.Inlines46-50('Therewas...insideher"),themother'smemoriesofChinaareportrayedas变相态度题(A)distantyetenduring(B)occasionalyetoverwhelming(C)livelybutconfused(D)joyousandhopeful(E)wistfulandindistinct分析：定位句子表达母亲旧时的记忆越来越稀少，但是对她而言是弥足珍贵的。23.Theitemsmentionedinlines52-55hadmeaningforthemotherbecausethey原因推理(A)introducedhertoaworldrichinculture(B)suppliedherwithfamiliarassociations(C)werethefewremainingkeepsakesfromherlifeinChina(D)helpedconnectthenarratorandhermother(E)providedrelieffromthemonotonyofherworkroutine分析；物品对母亲有意义是因为这些母亲非常熟悉的东西。24.Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizesthenarrator'sdevelopmentoverthecourseofthepassage?结构题(A)Shegrowsapartfromtheculturaltraditionofherparents.(B)Sheovercomestheguiltshefeltabouthernewfoundhappiness.(C)ShebeginstoviewtheinhabitantsofIrvinefromhermother'sperspective.(D)Shebecomeslessandlessinterestedinhermother'sstories.(E)Shecommunicateslessandlesswithherparents.分析：全文宏观来看，答案选A。Section61.题干中beconsideredto提示此题为同义重复关系。故空格处应填discovery的同方向词汇。答案D（accomplishments）正确。2.题干中无明显逻辑反义词，此题应为同义重复题目。一二空所填词汇方向相同。分析选项得出，答案B正确。3.题干中because提示本题为同义重复中因果关系。空格处应填“involvedintellectualstimulation”同方向的词汇。故答案B（cerebral）正确。4.题干中无明显逻辑反义词，此题应为同义重复题目。一二空所填词汇方向相同。分析选项得出，答案C正确。5.题干中冒号提示本题逻辑关系为同义重复，故一二空方向相同。同时二空又about后面的peculiar同方向，经过比较后，答案E正确。6.题干中such说明本题逻辑关系为同义重复。空格处应与generosity同方向。故答案B（magnanimous）正确。7.题干中冒号提示本题逻辑关系为同义重复，故二空应与冒号后面整句话同向重复。一空前因为有only形容，故一空词汇与二空词汇方向相反。答案C正确。8.题干中冒号提示本题逻辑关系为同义重复。空格处应该填写与“sensitivitytodelicate”同向重复词汇。答案C（nuance）正确。Questions9-10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acenturyago,opponentsofwomen'ssuffrageintheUnitedStatesscoffedatthenotionthatextendingthevotetowomenwouldmakeanydifference."Womenwillvotewiththeirhusbands"wasthecommonlyacceptedwisdom.Thiswasanargumentmadeintheabsenceofevidence,aswomendidnotyethavethevote.Eversincewomenwonthevote,researchershavebeenkeepingclosetrackoffemalevotingbehavior.A"gendergap"invotingbehaviorhasbeenfoundintheUnitedStatesasinmanyothercountries.IntheUnitedStates,the1994and1996electionsshowedthelargestgapseverbetweencandidatesfavoredbywomenandthosefavoredbymen.9.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto主旨题(A)describetheevolutionofagendergapintheUnitedStates(B)presentaconcisehistory,ofthewomen'ssuffragemovement(C)showtheinaccuracyofapredictionaboutwomen'ssuffrage(D)discusstheresistancewomenfacedinacquiringthevote(E)explainthedifferencesinvotingbehaviorbetweenmenandwomen分析：文章第三句表达出观点，以前对女性投票权的说法是错的。因为当时没有投票权。后文摆出例子，表明女性投票权拥有后的区别性。10.Asthepassagepresentsit,the"commonlyacceptedwisdom"(line4)assumedthat假说题(A)womenwouldhavethesameviewsasmenonmostsubjects(B)women'svoteswouldbecancelledoutbymen'svotes(C)manywomenwouldchoosenottovoteinelections(D)manyhusbandswoulddiscouragetheirwivesfromvoting(E)marriedwomenwouldnotvoteindependentlyoftheirhusbands分析：原文结论句，选项为前提。Questions11-12arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forpeoplewithsynesthesia,aconditioninwhichthesensesgetmixedup,thenumberfivemaybered.Oneexplanationforthissensorycrossoveristhatsynesthetes,peoplewithsynesthesia,aresimplyexperiencingchildhoodmemoriesandassociations.Maybethepersonplayedwithrefrigeratormagnetsasachildandthenumberfivewasred.Anotherexplanationisthatsynesthetesareexperiencingtheresultofsomekindofcrosswiringbetweenregionsofthebrain.Infact,wehavenowidentifiedwhereinthebrainsuchcrosswiringmightoccur.Wehavealsodeterminedthatsynesthesiacanoccurifthewiringisfinebutthebalanceofchemicalsthatcontrolbrainactivityisskewed.11.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto主旨题(A)explorepossibleexplanationsforaphenomenon(B)comparetwosomewhatrelatedphenomena(C)presentatheoryforaphenomenonandthencritiquethattheory(D)tracetheevolutionofanintriguingphenomenon(E)discussanexperimentthatillustratesanuncommonphenomenon分析：首句引入话题一种现象，下文分为两个层次分别讨论此种现象的可能原因。12.Inline12,"fine"mostnearlymeans词汇题(A)pure(B)keen(C)thin(D)sensitive(E)satisfactory：(ofevidenceoraverdict)sufficientfortheneedsofthecaseFine：Questions13-24arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefollowingpassageisfroma1992publicationinwhichtheauthor,aphysicist,discusses"reality"andthemodelsthathumanbeingsusetounderstandtheuniverse.Perhapsyou'veseenthepainting:apipe,depictedwithphotographicrealism,floatsabovealineofcarefulscriptthatreads"Cecin’estpasunepipe"—"Thisisnotapipe."RendMagrittepaintedTheTreacheryofImagesinthe1920s,andpeoplehavebeentalkingeversinceaboutwhatitmeans.DidMagritteintendtoremindusthatarepresentationisnottheobjectitdepicts—thathispaintingis"only"apaintingandnotapipe?Suchaninterpretationiswidelytaughttocollegestudents,butifitistrue.Magrittewenttoanawfullotoftrouble—carefullyselectingadress-finishpipeofparticularlyelegantdesign,makingdozensofsketchesofit.takingitaparttofamiliarizehimselfwithitsanatomy,thenpaintingitsportraitwithgreatcareandskill—justtotellussomethingwealreadyknew.Inanothercanvas,TheTwoMysteries,Magritteisevenmoreinsistent:theoriginalpipepainting,completewithcaption,isdepictedassittingonaneaselthatrestsonaplankfloor,butabovethatpainting,totheleft,hoversasecondpipe,larger(orcloser)thanthepaintedcanvasanditsframe.Whatwehavehereisapaintingofaparadox.Obviouslythesmallerpipeisapaintingandnotapipe.Butwhatisthesecondpipe,theonethatloomsoutsidetherepresentedcanvas?Andifthattooisbutapainting,thenwheredoesthepaintingend?13.Inlines7-16("Did...knew"),theauthorimpliesthatcollegeteachersportrayMagritte'sintentionsinawaythat(A)valuesemotionalismoverrationalargument(B)emphasizescreativityandexecutionofform(C)ismorescientificthanartistic(D)isjudgmentalanddismissive(E)issimplisticanddebatable分析；M的画幅是想提醒人们一个已经知道的事情。14.TheauthordescribesMagritte'sactivitiesbeforehepaintedthepipe(lines11-15)mostlikelyinorderto目的题(A)contrasttheseactivitieswithMagritte'stechniqueinotherpaintings(B)defendMagritte'sworkagainstclaimsthathispaintingsaretooabstract(C)suggestthatMagrittewantedtodemonstratesomethingmorethantheobvious(D)illustratetheuniversalappealofMagritte'swork(E)emphasizethecarefreenatureofMagritte'sartistry分析：定位句之间，M表示这幅画是想告诉人们一个表面看起来的事情并非如此。Itseemstomethattherootsoftheparadoxresideintheconceptoftheframe.Whenwelookatarealisticpainting—aportraitofahistoricalfigure—weacceptbyconventionthattheportraitrepresentsarealpersonandactualobjects.Whenthatconventionisdenied,asinMagritte’spipepaintings,thepointisnottoremindusthatpaintingsarenotreal.Thatmuchistruebuttrivial.Thepointistochallengethebeliefthateverythingoutsidetheframeisreal.15.The"paradox"mentionedinlines21and26refersto指代题(A)anabstractpainter'sconvincingdepictionofascientificphenomenon(B)anartist'suseofphotographytochallengetheconceptofreality(C)Magritte'suseofsciencetoconveyartisticcreativity(D)Magritte'scarefulrepresentationofanobscureobject(E)Magritte'ssimultaneousportrayalofarealandacreatedworldwithinapainting分析：定位句字面意思可选择E.16.Thesentence"Thatmuchistruebuttrivial"(line32)specificallyreferstowhichidea?指代题(A)Manymodernpaintingsdenyconvention.(B)Paintingsareopentomultipleinterpretations.(C)Realisticpaintingsportrayactualobjects.(D)Apaintingofanobjectisnottheobjectitself.(E)Anartistcannotpossiblyrepresentanobjectexactly.分析：定位句后文表达Thepointistochallengethebeliefthateverythingoutsidetheframeisreal.画幅的目的是想表明，在理念框架以外的理念也会是真实的。TheenemyofartistslikeMagritteisnaiverealism—thedoggedassumptionthatthehumansensoryapparatusaccuratelyrecordstheoneandonlyrealworld,ofwhichthehumanbraincanmakebutoneaccuratemodel.Thetruth,ofcourse,isthatnobodycangrasprealitywhole,thateachperson'suniverseistosomeextentunique,andthatthiscircumstancemakesitimpossibleforustoprovethatthereisbutonetruereality.Ifmodernartistshavelaboredtocallattentiontothefactthatourunderstandingofrealityislimitedandvariegated,sotoohavemodernscientists.Manypeoplearesurprisedtohearthis.Theythinkofscienceasacollectionofhardfactsminedfrombedrockreality,throughaprocessasuncreativeascoincollecting.Thescientists,however,havecometoknowbetter.Astronomersunderstandthateachactofobservation—photographingagalaxy,takinganultravioletspectrumofanexplodingstar—extractsbutasmallpieceofthewhole,andthatamontageofmanysuchimagesisstillonlyarepresentation,apaintingifyouwill.Thequantumphysicistsgofurther:theyappreciatethattheanswerstheyobtainthroughexperimentdependsignificantlyonthequestionstheyask,sothatanelectron,askedifitisaparticleorawave,willanswer"Yes"tobothquestions.Neuroscientistshavelearnedthatthebrainisnomonolith,either.Eachofusharborsmanyintelligences,andinsofarasmyvariousmindstakevaryingviewsofreality—interms,say,ofspatialrelationshipsversuslanguage,orofsentimentalversusrationaleducation—IcannomorelegitimatelyimposeasinglemodelonmyselfthanIcanex