211 翻译硕士英语自主命题试卷

第第页共14页2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题试题□□□□：□□□□□□科目代码：211考试时间：3小时满分100分可使用的常用工具：J无□计算器□直尺□圆规(请在使用工具前打J)注意：□□□□□□□□□□□□□□,□□□□□□□□□□□□□□；□□□□□□□□□□□□码号证考准题写要不内线封密PartI.VocabularyandGrammar(20points,1pointforeach)Directions:Thereare20statementsinthissection.AftereachstatementtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Selecttheonlyonechoicethatbestcompletesthestatement.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.码号证考准题写要不内线封密Animalmothersaredevotedtotheiryoungandthemwithloveanddiscipline.mindwatchhelptendHavingbeendiscussed,theproposalwasunanimously.业专考报adapted业专考报adoptedadmittedadjoinedIfyouthebottleandcigarettes,you’llbemuchhealthier.keepofftakeoffgetoffsetoffAfteracarefulinvestigation,thecommitteedecidedtotheoldhall.A.changebuildinnovaterenovateTheAmericanprofessorcametorealizethathehadunderestimatedtheofmostoftheChinesestudents.magnitudegradientpotentialfirmnessThegirlwassobythemightyriverthatshewouldspendhourssittingonitsbankandgazingattheboatsandraftsgoingandcoming.absorbedfascinatedmovedD.touchedWeareconvincedtherighteousnessofourcause.ofonoveratUrbancongestionwouldgreatlyberelievedifthechargedonpublictransportweremorereasonable.pricesticketsfaresfeesYou'dbetterletmeknowassoonasthereisa(n)positioninthebranchoffice.emptyvacuumhollowvacantSincethefatherdiedayearago,therehasbeeninthefamilyaboutthedivisionoftheestate.distinctionsdiscorddisadvantagesdisappointment“Thepresidentmadeabrilliantdecision,didn,the?”“Yes,hedid.Idon,tknowwhatIwouldhavedoneifItomakethatdecision.”A.hadhadwerehavehadhadThephysicistsproposethatourattentiontheuseofspecialmethodsofthinkingandacting.wouldbedirectedtowardsshouldbedirectedtowardsisdirectedtowardsdirectstowardsTheywillneverreconcilethemselvesto.theirdefeatdefeatbedefeatedhavetheirdefeatImeantyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.tellinghavingtoldtotelltohavetoldEverythingintoconsideration,IproposethatthefirstprizeshouldbegiventoLiuQiang.totaketakingtakentookTheytheparkoflate.willvisitarevisitinghavevisitedvisitedI’djustassoonyouthoseimportantpaperswithyou.don'ttakehadn,ttakendidn,ttakewerenottakingtheclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghowrelativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.TogiveGivenGivingHavinggivenInselectingamaterial,theengineer'sinterestisinitspropertieswhichdeterminehowitwillperformundertheloadsandconditionitissubject.wherewhichinwhichtowhichThefierceheatofthissummerwitheredmostofthecropshisfarm.oninoffromErrorCorrection(10points,1pointforeach)Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youarerequiredtochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(A)intherightplaceandwritethemissingwordinthecorrespondingblankonyouranswersheet.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitandputaslash(/)inthecorrespondingblankonyouranswersheet.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitandputyourwordinthecorrespondingblankonyouranswersheet.Remembertowritethecorrectnumberbesideeachblankontheanswersheet.EveryweekhundredsofCVs(简历)landonourdesks.We'veseenitall:CVsprintedonpinkpaper,CVsthatare10pageslongandCVswithsillymistakesinfirstparagraph.A21.goodCVisyourpassporttoaninterviewand,ultimate,to22.thejobyouwant.Initialimpressionsarevital,andabadlypresentedCVcouldmeanacceptance,regardlessofwhat,sinit.23.Hereareafewwaystoavoidendupontherejectpile.24.PrintyourCVongood-qualitywhitepaper.CVswithflowerybackgroundsorpinkpaperwillstandoutuponallthewrongreasons.25.Getsomeonetocheckforspellingandgrammaticalerrors,becauseaspell-checkerwillpickupevery26.mistake.CVswitherrorswillberejected—itshowsthatyoudon,tpayattentiontodetail.Restrictyourselftooneortwopages,andlistinganypublicationsorrefereesonaseparatesheet.27.IfyouaresendingyourCVelectronically,checktheformattingbysendingittoyourselffirst.Keepup28.theformatsimple.Donotsendaphotounlessspecificallyrequested.Ifyouhavetosendon,fessionalsetting,ratherthanaholidaysnap.Gettingthepresentationrightisjustthefirststep.Whataboutthecontent?Therulehereistokeepitfactualandtruthful—exaggerationsusuallygetfindout.Andremember30.totailoryourCVtoeachdifferentjob.ReadingComprehension(40points,2pointforeach)Directions:Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestions.Choosethemostappropriateanswerforeachquestionandcircletheletterontheanswersheet.Remembertowritethelettercorrespondingtothequestionnumber.Questions31-35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows.JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashtalk（废话）”.Thetopicsonhisshowareasshockingasshockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalkshowthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety,smoralcatastrophes（灾难）,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicaments（困境）ofotherpeople,slives.LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual'squalityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.ComparedtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedonsociety.Jerryendseveryshowwitha“finalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow'smaintargetaudiencesaremiddle-classAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetime,money,andstabilitytodealwithlife'stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofanassociationwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolvelove,relationship,sex,moneyandpeers.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshow'sexploitation.Whilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnightandday,bothhaveruledthetalkshowcircuitformanyyearsnow.Eachonecaterstoadifferentaudiencewhilebothhaveastrongfollowingfromlargegroupsoffans.Ironically,bothcouldalsobeconsideredpioneersinthetalkshowworld.ComparedwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyare.morefamily-orientedunusuallypopularmoreprofoundrelativelyformalThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistasteful,theaudience.remainfascinatedbythemarereadytofaceuptothemremainindifferenttothemarewillingtogetinvolvedinthemWhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?Anewtypeofrobot.Racisthatred.Familybudgetplanning.Streetviolence.Despitetheirdifferentapproaches,thetwotalkshowsareboth.ironicalsensitiveinstructivecynicalWecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows.havemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuitexploittheweaknessesinhumannatureappearatdifferenttimesofthedayaretargetedatdifferentaudiencesQuestions36-40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,itisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottoomanyyearsago,mostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoods,andthenreliedon“persuasivesalesmanship”tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible.Suchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney.Marketing,ontheotherhand,focusesonthewantsofconsumers.Itbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythem.Thiseye-on-the-consumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconcept,whichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresale,themakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase.Thisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolent(慈善的)orthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompany.Therearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransaction-thefirmandthecustomer-andeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccurs.Successfulmerchantsandproducers,however,recognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomers.Astrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid-1985,whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrink.Thenon-acceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCoke,whichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenew.KingCustomerruled!Themarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageis,inessence,.thepracticeofturninggoodsintomoneymakinggoodsavailableforpurchasethecustomer-centredapproachaformofpersuasivesalesmanshipWhatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyaccepted?Theneedsofthemarket.Theefficiencyofproduction.Thesatisfactionoftheuser.Thepreferencesofthedealer.Accordingtothepassage,“tomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossible”(Line4,Para.1)means“”.tosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoodstotransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossibletodisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantitiestoredesignthesegoodsforlarge-scaleproductionWhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrate?Traditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeople.Ittakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublic.Consumerswithconservativetastesareoftendifficulttoplease.Productsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer.Indiscussingthemarketingconcept,theauthorfocuseson.itsmaincharacteristicitssocialimpactitspossibleconsequenceitstheoreticalbasisQuestions41-45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Conventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddried.Toolittleconflictbreedsapathy（冷漠）andstagnation（呆滞）.Toomuchconflictleadstodivisiveness（分裂）andhostility.Moderatelevelsofconflict,however,cansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitiveway.RecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk,however,suggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizations.Hestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutives.Someoftheexecutivesworkedforprofit-seekingorganizationsandothersfornot-for-profitorganizations.Somewhatsurprisingly,Schwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganization.Specifically,managersinnot-for-profitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflict.Managersoffor-profitorganizationssawadifferentpicture.Theybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoor-qualitydecisionmakingintheirorganizations.Schwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutives.Intheprofit-seekingorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialterms.Theexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicators.Inthenot-for-profitorganizations,decision-makingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituents.Giventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions.Intheeyesoftheauthor,conventionalopiniononconflictis.wrongoversimplifiedmisleadingunclearProfessorCharlesR.Schwenk'sresearchshows.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflicttherealvalueofconflictthedifficultyindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflictthecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflictWecanlearnfromSchwenk'sresearchthat.aperson'sviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganizationconflictisnecessaryformanagersoffor-profitorganizationsdifferentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentwaysitisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflictThepassagesuggeststhatinfor-profitorganizations.thereisnoendofconflictexpressionofdifferentopinionsisencourageddecisionsmustbejustifiablesuccessliesingeneralagreementPeopleworkinginanot-for-profitorganization.seemtobedifficulttosatisfyarefreetoexpressdiverseopinionsarelesseffectiveinmakingdecisionsfinditeasiertoreachagreementQuestions46-50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwant-withnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn'tit?New“fakefat”productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods.Critics,however,saythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrients（营养物）andcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soit'suptodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthatcan'tbedigestedatall.Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines（肠）“grab”moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattyacids.ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,E,andK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit'sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectson