英美文学II期末复习范围

-.z英美文学II期末考试题型和复习围题型分布：I.

Multiplechoice.〔20%,2pointsforeach〕II.Matching.(10%,1pointforeach)III.LiteraryTerms.(20%,4pointsforeach)IV.LiteraryTranslation.(20%)V.Literaryworkanalysis.(30%,15pereach)BenjaminFranklin:TheAutobiography(富兰克林自传);PoorRichard’sAlmanac(穷理查年鉴)托马斯·恩〔ThomasPaine):theageofreason(理性时代);theAmericancrisis(美国危机)华盛顿·欧文(WashingtonIrving：TheSketchBook〔见闻札记〕，ahistoryofNewYork〔纽约外史〕JamesFenimoreCooper〔詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏〕:杀鹿者〔TheDeerslayer〕最后的莫希干人(TheLastoftheMohicans)?探路人?ThePathfinder?拓荒者?(ThePioneer)?大草原?(ThePrairie)thefivenovelsprise(TheLeatherstockingTales)皮袜子故事集5.威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特〔WilliamCullenBryant):ToaWaterfowl?致水鸟??死亡随想?(Thanatopsis)即英文“死亡观〞〔viewofdeath〕的希腊文NathanielHawthorne(纳撒尼尔·霍桑):带七个尖顶的阁楼(TheHouseoftheSevenGables)红字〔TheScarletLetter〕古宅青苔(MossesfromTheOldManse)TheMarbleFaun?玉石人像?HermanMelville:赫尔曼·梅尔维尔?白鲸?Moby-Dick?泰比?TypeeOmoo?奥姆?Redburn?雷德伯恩??白外套?White-Jacket?水手比利·巴德?BillyBudd亨利·沃兹沃斯·朗费罗(HenryWadsworthLongfellow)APsalmofLife人生礼赞TheSongofHiawatha(海华沙之歌)我逝去的青春mylostyouthTheSlave’sDream奴隶的梦沃尔特·惠特曼〔WaltWhitman)?草叶集?〔LeavesofGrass〕哈丽叶特·比切·斯托〔HarrietBeecherStowe)汤姆叔叔的小屋UncleTom'sCabin11.马克·吐温〔MarkTwain〕:?汉尼拔杂志?〔HannibalJournal〕TheAdventuresofTomSawyer?汤姆·索亚历险记?密西西比河上的生活LifeontheMississippi?哈克贝利·费恩历险记?〔AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn)?镀金时代?thegildedageInnocentsAbroad〔流浪汉在外〕MissouriCourierRoughingIt?苦行记?O.Henry欧·亨利?警察与赞美诗?〔TheCopandtheAnthem〕HenryJames亨利·詹姆斯TheAmerican?美国人?DaisyMiller?黛西·米勒?ThePortraitofaLady?一位女士的画像?TheBostonians?波士顿人?TheWingsoftheDove?鸽翼?TheAmbassadors?使节?TheGoldenBowl?金碗?JackLondon杰克·伦敦MartinEden,马丁·伊登TheCalloftheWild?野性的呼唤?TheSeaWolf?海狼?WhiteFang?白牙?TheodoreDreiser西奥多·德莱塞:sistercarrie?嘉莉妹妹?Jenniegerhardt?珍妮姑娘?AnAmericanTragedy?美国悲剧?EzraPound埃兹拉·庞德HughSelwynMauberley?休·赛尔温·毛伯利?TheCantos?诗章?EdwinArlingtonRobinson埃德温·阿林顿·罗宾逊RichardCory理查德·科里MiniverCheevy米尼弗契维thehouseonthehillRobertFrost罗伯特·弗罗斯特:MountainInterval?山间?NewHampshire新罕布什尔州CarlSandburg桑德堡:chicagofogWallaceStevens华莱士·史蒂文斯AnecdoteoftheJar坛子轶事ThomasStearnsEliot托马斯·斯特尔那斯·艾略特PrufrockandOtherObservations?普鲁弗洛克及其他?TheSacredWood?神圣的树林?TheWasteLand?荒原?FourQuartets?四个四重奏?FrancisScottKeyFitzgerald弗朗西斯·斯科特·基·菲茨杰拉德:ThisSideofParadise人间天堂TheBeautifulandDamned美丽与消灭TenderIstheNight夜色温柔TheGreatGatsby了不起的盖茨比ErnestMillerHemingway欧斯特·米勒尔·海明威:TheSunAlsoRises?太阳照样升起?AFarewelltoArms?永别了，武器?ForWhomtheBellTolls?丧钟为谁而鸣?TheOldManandtheSea?老人与海?JohnSteinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克:TortillaFlat?煎饼坪?OfMiceandMen?人鼠之间?TheLongValley长谷TheGrapesofWrath?愤怒的葡萄?WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳:TheSoundandtheFury?喧哗与骚动?AsILayDying?我弥留之际?LightinAugust?八月之光?Absalom,Absalom!?押沙龙，押沙龙！?Sanctuary?圣殿?TheHamlet?村子?GoDown,Moses?去吧，摩西?26.EugeneO'Neill尤金·奥尼尔:TheEmperorJones

?琼斯皇帝?TheHairyApe?毛猿?AnnaChristie安娜·克里斯蒂名词解释20个：Metaphor：隐喻Ametaphorisafigureofspeechthatidentifiessomethingasbeingthesameassomeunrelatedthingforrhetoricaleffect,thushighlightingthesimilaritiesbetweenthetwo.Whileasimileparestwoitems,ametaphordirectlyequatesthem,andsodoesnotnecessarilyapplyanydistancingwordsofparison,suchas"like"or"as".Ametaphorisatypeofanalogyandiscloselyrelatedtootherrhetoricalfiguresofspeechwhichachievetheireffectsviaassociation,parisonorresemblance-includingallegory,hyperbole,andsimile.;LostGeneration：迷惘的一代The"LostGeneration"wasthegenerationthatcameofageduringWorldWarI.ThetermwaspopularizedbyErnestHemingway,whouseditasoneoftwocontrastingepigraphsforhisnovel,TheSunAlsoRises.InthatvolumeHemingwaycreditsthephrasetoGertrudeStein,whowasthenhismentorandpatron.ThisgenerationincludeddistinguishedartistssuchasF.ScottFitzgerald,[1]T.S.Eliot,JohnDosPassos,WaldoPeirce。FiresidePoets炉边诗人：TheFiresidepoets(alsocalledthe"schoolroom"or"household"poets)werethefirstgroupofAmericanpoetstorivalBritishpoetsinpopularityineithercountry.TheyfrequentlyusedAmericanlegendsandscenesofAmericanhomelifeandcontemporarypolitics(asinHolmes's"OldIronsides"andLowell'santi-slaverypoems)astheirsubjectmatter。transcendentalism：超验主义Transcendentalismwasareligiousandphilosophicalmovementthatdevelopedduringthelate1820sand'30s[1]intheEasternregionoftheUnitedStatesasaprotestagainstthegeneralstateofspiritualityand,inparticular,thestateofintellectualismatHarvardUniversityandthedoctrineoftheUnitarianchurchastaughtatHarvardDivinitySchool.Amongthetranscendentalists'corebeliefswastheinherentgoodnessofbothpeopleandnature.Theybelievethatsocietyanditsinstitutions—particularlyorganizedreligionandpoliticalparties—ultimatelycorruptthepurityoftheindividual.Theyhavefaiththatpeopleareattheirbestwhentruly"self-reliant"andindependent.Itisonlyfromsuchrealindividualsthattruemunitycouldbeformed.Realism：Realismisaliterarytermwhichissowidelyusedastobemoreorlessmeaninglesse*ceptwhenusedincontradistinctiontosomeothermovement,suchasNaturalism,E*pressionism,Surrealism.TheoriginaldefinitionofrealismbySirP.Harveywas"alooselyusedtermmeaningtruthtotheobservedfactsoflife(especiallywhentheyaregloomy)."Realismhasbeenchieflyconcernedwiththemonplacesofeverydaylifeamongthemiddleandlowerclasses,wherecharacterisaproductofsocialfactorsandenvironmentistheintegralelementinthedramaticplications.Realisminliteratureisanapproachthatattemptstodescribelifewithoutidealizationorromanticsubjectivity.Althoughrealismisnotlimitedtoanyonecenturyorgroupofwriters,itismostoftenassociatedwiththeliterarymovementin19th-centuryFrance,specificallywiththeFrenchnovelistsFlaubertandBalzac.Inthedrama,realismismostcloselyassociatedwithIbsen'ssocialplays.Laterwritersfeltthatrealismlaidtoomuchemphasisone*ternalreality.Many,notablyHenryJames,turnedtoapsychologicalrealismthatcloselye*aminedtheple*workingsofthemind(streamofconsciousness).6.freeverse：自由诗isanopenformofpoetry.Itdoesnotuseconsistentmeterpatterns,rhyme,oranyothermusicalpattern.Itthustendstofollowtherhythmofnaturalspeech7.Imagism意象主义：Imagismwasamovementinearly20th-centuryAnglo-Americanpoetrythatfavoredprecisionofimageryandclear,sharplanguage.IthasbeendescribedasthemostinfluentialmovementinEnglishpoetrysincetheactivityofthePre-Raphaelites.[1]AsapoeticstyleitgaveModernismitsstartintheearly20thcentury,[2]andisconsideredtobethefirstorganizedModernistliterarymovementintheEnglishlanguage.[3]Imagismissometimesviewedas'asuccessionofcreativemoments'ratherthananycontinuousorsustainedperiodofdevelopment.[4]RenéTaupinremarkedthat'ItismoreaccuratetoconsiderImagismnotasadoctrine,norevenasapoeticschool,butastheassociationofafewpoetswhowereforacertaintimeinagreementonasmallnumberofimportantprinciples'.8.regionalism：9.Romanticism：Romanticism(alsotheRomanticeraortheRomanticperiod)wasanartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinEuropetowardtheendofthe18thcenturyandinmostareaswasatitspeakintheappro*imateperiodfrom1800to1850.ItwaspartlyareactiontotheIndustrialRevolution,[1]thearistocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsoftheAgeofEnlightenment,andthescientificrationalizationofnature.[2]Itwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature,buthadamajorimpactonhistoriography,[3]education,[4]andthenaturalsciences.[5]Ithadasignificantandple*effectonpolitics,andwhileformuchoftheRomanticperioditwasassociatedwithliberalismandradicalism,itslong-termeffectonthegrowthofnationalismwasperhapsmoresignificant.Themovementemphasizedintenseemotionasanauthenticsourceofaesthetice*perience,placingnewemphasisonsuchemotionsasapprehension,horrorandterror,andawe—especiallythatwhichise*periencedinconfrontingthenewaestheticcategoriesofthesublimityandbeautyofnature.Itconsideredfolkartandancientcustomtobenoblestatuses,butalsovaluedspontaneity,asinthemusicalimpromptu.IncontrasttotherationalandClassicistidealmodels,Romanticismrevivedmedievalism[6]andelementsofartandnarrativeperceivedtobeauthenticallymedievalinanattempttoescapepopulationgrowth,urbansprawl,andindustrialism.10:apostrophe(figureofspeech)：isane*clamatoryfigureofspeech.Itoccurswhenaspeakerbreaksofffromaddressingtheaudience(e.g.inaplay)anddirectsspeechtoathirdpartysuchasanopposinglitigantorsomeotherindividual,sometimesabsentfromthescene.Oftentheaddresseeisapersonifiedabstractqualityorinanimateobject.[2][3]IndramaticworksandpoetrywritteninortranslatedintoEnglish,suchafigureofspeechisoftenintroducedbythevocativee*clamation"O".Poetsmayapostrophizeabeloved,theMuse,God,love,time,oranyotherentitythatcan’trespondinreality.modernism;narrator;epigraph;postmodernliterature;hyperbolenaturalism;personification;HarlemRenaissance;essay;allusionAmericanRenaissance;theme;simile;symbol;pointofview文学翻译5段话?独立宣言?节选：课本第一册35页第二段前13行。Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,thattheyareamongthesearelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Thattosecuretheserights,governmentsareinstitutedamongthem,derivingtheirjustpowerfromtheconsentofthegoverned.Thatwheneveranyformofgovernmentbeesdestructiveoftheseends,itistherightofthepeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewgovernment,layingitsfoundationonsuchprinciplesandorganizingitspowersinsuchform,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirsafetyandhappiness.Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatgovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientcauses;andaccordinglyalle*periencehathshownthatmankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileevilsaresufferable,thantrightthemselvesbyabolishingtheformstowhichtheyareaccustomed.我们认为下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物主赋予他们假设干不可让与的权利，其中包括生存权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，人们才在他们中间建立政府，而政府的正当权利，则是经被统治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦对这些目标的实现起破坏作用时，人民便有权予以更换或废除，以建立一个新的政府。新政府所依据的原则和组织其权利的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最有可能使他们获得平安和幸福。假设真要审慎的来说，成立多年的政府是不应当由于无关紧要的和一时的原因而予以更换的。过去的一切经历都说明，任何苦难，只要尚能忍受，人类还是情愿忍受，也不想为申冤而废除他们久已习惯了的政府形式.2.?论自立?节选：课本第一册144页第一段第一行至第九行开场，以及145页第一段最后三行。Notfornothingoneface,onecharacter,onefact,makesmuchimpressiononhim,andanothernone。一脸，一个人，一件事，在他那里而不是另外一个人那里留下深刻印象。Amanisrelievedandgaywhenhehasputhisheartintohisworkanddonehisbest;butwhathehassaidordoneotherwise,shallgivehimnopeace.Itisadeliverancewhichdoesnotdeliver.Intheattempthisgeniusdesertshim;nomusebefriends;noinvention,nohope.一个人假设能竭尽所能，全心投入，就能获得宽慰和愉悦，否则，他将永无宁日，无法从拯救中获得拯救。最终，他的天才会弃他而去，他会失去灵感的眷顾，失去创造力，失去希望。?论自立?节选：课本第一册160页最后一段。IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.Ididnotwishtolivewhatwasnotlife,livingissodear;nordidIwishtopractiseresignation,unlessitwasquitenecessary.Iwantedtolivedeepandsuckoutallthemarrowoflife,tolivesosturdilyandSpartan-likeastoputtoroutallthatwasnotlife,tocutabroadswathandshaveclose,todrivelifeintoacorner,andreduceittoitslowestterms,and,ifitprovedtobemean,whythentogetthewholeandgenuinemeannessofit,andpublishitsmeannesstotheworld;orifitweresublime,toknowitbye*perience,andbeabletogiveatrueaccountofitinmyne*te*cursion.Formostmen,itappearstome,areinastrangeuncertaintyaboutit,whetheritisofthedevilorofGod,andhavesomewhathastilyconcludedthatitisthechiefendofmanhereto"glorifyGodandenjoyhimforever."

我到林中去，因为我希望慎重地生活，只面对生活的根本领实，看看我是否学得到生活要教育我的东西，免得到了临死的时候，才发现我根本就没有生活过。我不希望度过非生活的生活，生活是那样的得意；我却也不愿意去修行过隐逸的生活，除非是万不得已。我要生活得深深地把生命的精华都吸到，要生活得稳稳当当，生活得斯巴达式的，以便铲除一切非生活的东西，划出一块刈割的面积来，细细地刈割或修剪，把生活压缩到一个角隅里去，把它缩小到最低的条件中，如果它被证明是卑微的，则就把那真正的卑微全部认识到，并把它的卑微之处公布于世界；或者，如果它是崇高的，就用切身的经历来体会它，在我下一次远游时，也可以作出一个真实的报道。因为，我看，大多数人还确定不了他们的生活是属于魔鬼的，还是属于上帝的呢，然而又多少有点轻率地下了判断，认为人生的主要目标是“归荣耀于神，并永远从神那里得到喜悦〞。〔*迟译〕?马丁·伊登?节选：课本第二册105页倒数第二段。Hergazerestedforamomentonthemuscularneck,heavycorded,almostbull-like,bronzedbythesun,spillingoverwithruggedhealthandstrength.Andthoughhesatthere,blushingandhumble,againshefeltdrawntohim.Shewassurprisedbyawantonthoughtthatrushedintohermind.Itseemedtoherthatifshecouldlayhertwohandsuponthatneckthatallitsstrengthandvigorwouldflowouttoher.Shewasshockedbythisthought.Itseemedtorevealtoheranundreameddepravityinhernature.Besides,strengthtoherwasagrossandbrutishthing.Heridealofmasculinebeautyhadalwaysbeenslendergracefulness.Yetthethoughtstillpersisted.Itbewilderedherthatsheshoulddesiretoplaceherhandsonthatsunburnedneck.Intruth,shewasfarfromrobust,andtheneedofherbodyandmindwasforstrength.Butshedidnotknowit.Sheknewonlythatnomanhadeveraffectedherbeforeasthisonehad,whoshockedherfrommomenttomomentwithhisawfulgrammar.她的目光在那肌肉兴旺的脖子上停留了片刻，那脖子被太阳晒成了青铜色，筋位突出，洋溢着粗糙的**与强力，几乎像公牛。他虽只红着脸忸怩地坐在那儿，她却再一次感到了他的吸引力。一个放肆的动机在她心里闪过，叫她吃了一惊。她觉得假设是她能用双手接住他的脖子，那气力便会向她流注。这动机令她大为惊奇，似乎向她泄露了她*种连做梦也不曾想到的低劣天性。何况在她心里育力原是粗鲁野蛮的东西，而她理想的男性美一向是修长而潇洒。刚刚那动机仍然索绕着她。她竟然渴看用双手往楼那胞成青铜色的脖子，这叫她惶惑。事实是她自己一点也不强健，她的身体和心灵都需要强力，可她并不知道。她只知道以前从没有男人对她产生过像眼前这人一样的影响，而这人却屡次用他那可怕的语法令她震动?永别了，武器?节选：课本第二册212页第二段。OnceincampIputalogontopofthefireanditwasfullofants.Asitmencedtoburn,theantsswarmedoutandwentfirsttowardthecentrewherethefirewas;thenturnedbackandrantowardtheend.Whentherewereenoughontheendtheyfelloffintothefire.Somegotout,theirbodiesburntandflattened,andwentoffnotknowingwheretheyweregoing.Butmostofthemwenttowardthefireandthenbacktowardtheendandswarmedonthecoolendandfinallyfelloffintothefire.Irememberthinkingatthetimethatitwastheendoftheworldandasplendidchancetobe