电渗析技术进展

电渗析技术进展学院：轻化与环境工程学院班级：环科11-2姓名：张超学号：201105011079ProgresselectrodialysisAbstract:electrodialysismembraneseparationtechnologyarewidelyusedinfood,chemical,wastewatertreatmentandotherindustriesoftheseparationandpurificationoftheproductionprocess,highefficiency,cleanandeconomicalenergysaving.Thispaperdescribesthetypesofelectrodialysistechnology,focusesontheprincipleofelectrodialysistechnology,introduceselectrodialysistechnologyinthefoodindustryaswellasappliedresearchinwastewatertreatment,andtheprospectsofitsdevelopmentprospects.Keywords:electrodialysis;film;ApplicationElectrodialysisisundertheeffectofexternalelectricfield,theuseofion-exchangeselectivemembranepermeability,sothationmigrationfromonepartofwatertoanotherpartofthephysicalandchemicalprocessesinwater.Electrodialysis,istheuseofmulti-compartmentelectrodialysisdesalinationprocesstoachievethepurpose.Maincomponentselectrodialysismembrane,electrodes,clampsorthelikebyapartition,ion-exchangecomposition.Ionexchangemembranesforionswithdifferentchargethroughsexualselection.Yangmembraneallowsonlycations,anionsstopby,overcastmembraneonlyallowsanions,cationsstopby.UndertheinfluenceofanexternalDCelectricfield,ionsinwaterasdirectedmigration.Becauseelectrodialysisiscomposedbymulti-compartment,solightionsmigratetothechamberadjacenttoconcentratecells,allowingsalinewaterdesalination.Inthefoodandpharmaceuticalindustry,electrodialysiscanbeusedtoremoveorganicionsfromtheelectrolytesolution,wheydesalination,desalinationsugarsandaminoacidsaremorerefinedapplicationwassuccessful[1].Asanewelectrodialysismembraneseparationtechnology,innaturalwaterdesalination,seawaterconcentratedsalt,wastewatertreatment,etc.[2]playsanimportantrole,hasbecomeamoresophisticatedwatertreatmentmethods.1.Typeelectrodialysistechnology1.1invertedpoleelectrodialysis(EDR)InvertedpoleelectrodialysisEDprincipleisbased,atregularintervals(typically15~20min),thepositiveandnegativeelectrodepolarityswitchingeachother,dirtcanautomaticallycleantheion-exchangemembraneandtheelectrodeformedonthesurface,inordertoensuretheefficiencyoftheionexchangemembranethelong-termstabilityandthequalityandquantityoffreshwater.1.2Liquidelectrodialysis(EDLM)Electrodialysisfilmwiththesamefunctioninsteadofsolidliquidmembraneionexchangemembrane[3],theexperimentalmodelistouseasemi-permeablecellophanebagmadeofthinliquidfilmsolutionlikepartitions,andthenintoelectrodialyserrun.Liquidextractionagentforuseelectrodialysismembranefilmmayfindefficientseparationmethodforenrichmentandextractionofpreciousmetals,heavymetals,raremetals,etc.,becausethefilmlookingforsomeformofspecialselectiveionextractionefficiencyandimproveelectrodialysisrelated.Improvetheseparationefficiencyofelectrodialysis,combineddirectandfilmitispromising.1.3packedbedelectrodialysis(EDI)Packedbedelectrodialysis(EDI)isanewtreatmentmethodthatcombineselectrodialysisandionexchange,itsbiggestfeatureistheuseofwaterdissociationofH+andOH-generatedautomaticallyfilledinrenewablefreshwatercompartmentelectrodialysismixedbedionexchangeresin,inordertoachieveasustaineddeepdesalination.Whichfocusedontheadvantagesofelectrodialysisandionexchangemethod,toimprovethelimitingcurrentdensityandcurrentefficiency.1.4bipolarmembraneelectrodialysis(EDMB)Bipolarion-exchangemembraneisanovelcompositemembrane,itisgenerallylaminatedtogetherbyacationexchangemembrane,thewatermoleculesthroughthemembraneinstantlydecomposedintoH+andOH-,maybeusedasasupplyofH+andOH-in.Bipolarmembraneelectrodialysisprominentadvantageistheprocesssimple,highenergyefficiency,lesswasteemissions.1.5ThePromisewaterelectrodialysisPromiseisamodifiedformofwaterelectrodialysiselectrodialysistradition,itsmainfeatureistheremovalofthetraditionalelectrodialysispoleandelectrode.E.g.,electrodemeansinoneormorelayersclosetotheionexchangemembrane,whichareelectricallycoupledtoeachother,sothatbothcanpreventthemetalionsintotheion-exchangemembrane,whilepreventingtheplatefoulingandprolongtheservicelifeoftheelectrode.Withtheremovaloftheelectrodecompartments,steplesswaterdischarge,greatlyimprovingtheutilizationofrawwater[4].Theelectro-osmosistechnologyinthefoodindustry2.1ApplicationofinulinproductionInulinisapolysaccharidehavinghealthfunctions,systemownersbyβ-(2,1)fructanmoleculesglycosidiclinkage,alsolinkedattheendofaglucoseresidue.Itsdegreeofpolymerizationoffrom2-60,spanningclassicdefinitionofoligosaccharides,soitwasputinarangeofinulinoligosaccharidescalledoligofructoseinulin.Inuliniswidelydistributedinthemiddleofavarietyofplants,ofwhichthelargestamountofchicoryinulin,Jerusalemartichokeanddahliacontaining(about20%drybasis),withthevalueofthecommercialproductionofinulin.YangLianandothercrudeinulinusingelectrodialysisinthepurificationprocessappliedresearchcarriedoutinthecourseofelectrodialysis,pH,chrysanthemumsugarsolutionataconstantdeclineforsometime,thetimeconstantoftheoperatingvoltageandelectrodialysisnegativerelateddeclineintheoperatingvoltageofthepositivecorrelationbetweenpH.Jusugarsolutionandanashcontentofcrudeproteincanberemovedbyelectrodialysis,thegreatertheoperatingvoltage,thefastertherateofdeclineofchargedimpurities,inaninitialstageofelectrodialysisthesechargedimpuritiesremovedfaster.Freeaminoacidsasaresultofsmallermoleculesmoreeasilyremovedthanshortpeptides.Inulinat10Voperatingvoltageconditions,hydrolysisofinulinnoobvioussingle,doublesugarcontentincreasedonlyslightly.Jusugarsolutioninelectrodialysisprocesscontinuouslydiluted,butinulinmoleculescannotpassthroughtheionexchangemembraneelectrodialysissopurifiedinulinhavehigherrecovery.Atavoltageof10V,theuseofflow10L/h,andafterelectrodialysis1h,crudeinulin70%ashand47%crudeproteinisremoved,thetotallossoftheoriginalsugaronly4%.Inshort,canbeeffectivelyusedasacrudeinulinelectrodialysisdesalinationanddeproteinizedandeconomicmeans,withthefollow-upactions,suchasultrafiltrationgoodconvergence,cangreatlyreducethepressuredownstreampurificationoperationistechnicallyfeasible[5].2.2ApplicationintheproductionofbambooshootsAlongwiththetraditionalbambooprocessingtoproducealotofwasteBambooShoots,forexample,about30%ofediblepart,whileabout30%bambooshell,shootfirst40%,inaddition,willproducelargeamountsofwasteprocessedbambooshootsboiledwater[6].Shootsdope(shootsboiledwater)isrichinsterols,polysaccharides,aminoacids,vitamins,flavonoids,Daisoapandsaltandothernaturalactiveingredients,thepresenceofthesesaltsontheonehandisnotconducivetotheclassificationandpurificationofaminoacidsandotheringredientsfromthestocksolution,theimpactthenutritionalvalueofbambooshootsdope[7],ontheotherhand,iftreatedondirectemissionswillcausesoilcompaction,plantburns,pollutethewater.Inaddition,bambooextractalsocontainscadmium,lead(<0.5mg/kg),arsenic(<0.3mg/L)andotherheavymetalions,directlyprocessedintoproductsinthefoodfield,thebodywillhaveanegativeimpact[8],throughdesalinationcaneffectivelyremoveheavymetalions,soastoachievethestandardsprescribedbythestate.Therefore,bambooshootsdopedesalinationresearchhassocialandeconomicbenefits,toachievedeepconversionandutilizationofbambooprocessingwaste,andthedevelopmentofhighvalue-addedproducts,improveenterprisemanagementleveleconomicandindustry,upgradingoftraditionalindustries.Michael,etc[9].Onthebasisofexperimentstoexplorethefeasibilityandprocessoptimizationshootsdopedesalinationbyionexchangemembraneelectrodialysis.After90mindesalination,shootsdopeashfell49.10%,themainelementcontents:potassiumdecreased53.76%,75.27%decreasesodium,calciumdecreased69.80%,57.86%decreasemagnesium,irondecline66.67%,76.98%declineincopper,cadmiumfell42.51%[10],whilethenumberofheavymetalioncontentisgenerallylow,arewithinthescopeofthenationalstandards,suchasmercuryandarsenicwerenotdetected,sotheelectrodialysisofbambooshootsdopedesalinationbetter[11].Aminoacidcontentbeforeandafterthedesaltingshootsdopeflat:Beforetheaminoacidcontentof8.22percentdesalination(drybasis),theaminoacidcontentofdesalinated8.37%(drybasis),andaccordingtotheaminoacidtestreporttoknow:beforeandaftershootsdopedesalinationandvarioustypesofaminoacidsapproximatelythesamepercentageoftheclass,sotheelectrodialysisdesalinationtechnologyshootsdopeonwhichfunctionalcomponents-thesmallertheimpactofaminoacids[12].2.3ApplicationintheproductionofsoysauceSoysauceisoneofpeople'sdailylivesthemostpopularcondiment,usuallysoysaucesaltcontentof16%to18%,[13]whichisduetosoysaucekojiismadeinanopenstate,inordertoavoidmicrobialcontamination,needhighlowersaltconcentrations,andtheuniqueflavorofsoysauceonlyatthissaltconcentrationcanlead.Modernmedicinehasshownthathighsodiumdieteasilyleadtohighbloodpressure,[14]kidneydiseaseandotherdiseases,becauseofthehighsaltcontentofordinarysoysauce,tomeetthedemandforlow-sodiumdietcanbeanordinarysoysauceinalowsaltremovalsaltsoysauce[15].Soysauceflavorvirtuallyunchanged,soysauceprovedelectrodialysisdesalinationisfeasibleseparationmethod[16].Electro-osmosistechnologyinwastewatertreatment3.1electro-osmosistechnologyresearchammoniumnitratecondensatewastewatertreatment[17]Ammoniumnitrateisthebasicchemicalrawmaterialsandagriculturalchemicalfertilizer,widelyusedinagriculture,defense,chemical,pharmaceutical,textile,lightindustryandotherfields.Duetohistoricalreasons,China'straditionalammoniumnitrateproductionfacilitiesaremostlyobsoletetechnologyandequipment,[18]backwardtechnology,lowlevelofenvironmentalprotection,alargeamountofnitrogen-containingindustrialwasteintheproductionprocess.Inparticular,sincetheproductionprocessofammoniumnitrateisdeterminedbythedilutenitricacidintothewaterintheneutralization,evaporationandcrystallizationprocessintheformofsecondarysteamdischarge,processcondensateformedcontainsammoniaandammoniumnitrate,ammoniumnitrateproductionhasbecomeamajorwatersource.Limiteduseof24unitsChuanhuagufenelectrodialysisunithasaspecialdedicatedfilmelectrodialysisdeviceconsistingofamaximumamountofcondensatewastewatertreatmentfor36t/h,[19]ammoniumnitratecondensingwatercirculatingthroughelectrodialysisdeviceconcentrate,afterdesalinationtreatment,concentratedammoniumnitratecontentinwatervolumepercentageis20%,[20]morethan96%recoveryrate,qualifiedfreshwaterdischargewatermassfractionofammoniacontent!40mg/L.Notonlytoachievethereductionofnitratewastewateremissions,pollutionabatementpurposes,butalsoimprovethecomprehensiveutilizationofresources,reduceproductioncosts,andachievedsignificantenvironmentalandeconomicbenefits[21].3.2Researchammoniawastewatertreatmentelectro-osmosistechnologyWiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomy[22],emissionsofvariouspollutantsincreaseddramatically,especiallyontheenvironmentcausedseriouswaterpollution,datashow,ammonianitrogen[23],phosphorusandotherpollutantsinsurfacewatermain.Excessiveemissionsofammoniawastewaterisoneofthemainreasonseutrophication.Deaminasemethodscurrentlyusedinindustrymainlybiologicalnitrogenremovalmethod,airstripping,breakpointchlorination,ionexchangemethod[24].Biologicalnitrogenremovalmethodissuitableforthetreatmentoflowconcentrationofammonianitrogenwastewatercontainingorganicmatter,thelawtechnicallyreliable,goodeffect,mainlyusedinchemicalwastewatercontainingammoniaandsewagetreatment[25].Breakpointchlorinationandionexchangemethodissuitableforwastewatertreatmentfreeoforganicsoflowconcentrationsofammonia[26].Forhighconcentrationsofinorganicammoniawastewater,suchasnitrogenfertilizerplantwastewater,manyindustrialapplicationscurrentlyusingairstripping,butdeaminaseratewas70%,cannotmeetthenationalemissionstandards,andlargeinvestments,secondarypollution[27].TangYan,suchastheuseofelectrodialysisammoniawastewatertreatment,processconditionswereoptimizedtoobtainprocessparametersunderlaboratoryconditions[28].Electrodialysisvoltageof55V,thewaterflowis24L/h,ammoniawastewaterinfluentconductivityof2920s/cm,ammoniaconcentrationwas534.59mg/L.Concentratedwaterandfreshwaterchamberseach19%and81%,theconcentrationofwaterandfreshwaterconductivitywas14000s/cmand11.8s/cm,ammoniacontentwas2700mg/Land13mg/L[29].Ammoniawastewaterprocessedaftertheelectrodialysisdevicetomeetemissionstandards,tomeetthereuserequirements[30].Prospects:Withthedeepeningofthescientificconceptofdevelopment,sustainabilityneedsofChina'seconomicdevelopment,energyconservation,cleanindustrialdevelopment,amongotherfactors,membraneseparationtechnologiesarepenetratingintoallareasofindustryandresearch,developmentandscaleapplicationsinthefieldhasalsobeenaccelerated.,,Especiallyinthefoodindustry,biologicalproducts,pharmaceuticals,chemicalseparationandotherareas,hasmadetremendousprogress.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,continuousimprovementofmembranetechnology,continuetolowerthecostoffilm,thenewelectrodialysisequipmentmanufacturinglevelwillbegreatlyimproved,themanufacturingcostoftheequipmentwillbegreatlyreduced,anditwillmeetmoremodernindustryhighseparationrequirements,electrodialysistechnologywillberapiddevelopment.Inshort,electrodialysistechnologyforindustrialwastewatertreatmentandseparationtechnology,willacceleratethemodernizationofindustrialapplicationprospectisveryconsiderable.References:[1]张维润.电渗析工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:1-3,117-128.[2]汪建芳,汤建华.电渗析浓缩回收硫酸钠溶液的实验研究[J]水处理技术,2002,28(5):288-289.[3]华河林,等.电渗析技术的新进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(3):46.[4]华河林,等.电渗析技术的新进展[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2001,2(3):44.[5]杨炼,江波,冯骉等.电渗析在粗菊糖纯化过程中的应用[J].食品科学,2006,27(7):119-123.[6]马玉梅.低盐酱油在日本的研究利用状况[J].中国调味品,1997(10):11-12.[7]赵霖,鲍善芬.21世纪中国食品安全问题[J].中国食物与营养,2001(2):5-7.[8]黄伟,刘东红.竹笋原液电渗析脱盐工艺的研究[J].食品与发酵工业,2007,33(3):72-74.[9]马玉梅.低盐酱油在日本的研究利用状况[J].中国调味品,1997(10):11-121.[10]刘贤杰,陈福明.电渗析技术在酱油脱盐中的应用[J].中国调味品,2004(4):17-21.[11]汪家铭.利用