大学英语教学课件：U5 language points and useful expressions

DR_precisely1precisely:adv.

1.exactly;justPlanesflydailyoverregularrouteswithtimetableprecisely.

Scientistsdonotyetknowpreciselyhowinsectscanproducetheirtoxicdefensivechemicalswithoutpoisoningthemselves.Sincehisownideaswereinflux,itisdifficulttoknowpreciselywherehestood.DR_precisely2每辆卡车装载的用品恰好是每个部队所需要的。Everylorryindeedispackedwithpreciselythearticleswhicheachunitwillrequire.2.quiteso—Soyouthinkitwasamistake?—Precisely.DR_acquaintance1acquaintance:n.

1.arelationshipwithsomeoneyouknow,butwhoisnotaclosefriendIhaveanoddingacquaintancewithGerman.Ourmereacquaintanceripenedintofriendship.我与他素昧平生。

Ihavenevermadehisacquaintance.Sherecalledthepast,tryingtobringbacktohermemoryincidentsoftheiroldacquaintance.DR_acquaintance22.personwhomoneknows(lessintimatelythanafriend)Sheisanoldacquaintanceofmysister.Hehasawidecircleofacquaintances.Collocation:makesb.’sacquaintancedropanacquaintancehaveacasualacquaintancerenewanacquaintance结识某人断绝往来半生不熟重建友谊DR_acquaintance3CF:friend,mate,acquaintance&pal这些名词都有“朋友”之意。friend一般用词，指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。例如：

I’veknownherforyears,butshewasneverafriend.我认识她多年了，但成不了朋友。

mate

最普通用词，可与其他名词连用，构成如：classmate，deskmate，schoolmate等词。既可指好友、同事，又可指合伙人，还可指配偶的一方。例如：

Theblackbirdsatonthenestwaitingforthereturnofhermate.黑鹂在巢中等候其雄鸟归来。DR_acquaintance4CF:acquaintance

指彼此相识，但交往不甚密切，相互间没有深厚情感的人。例如：

Heisanoldacquaintanceofmyfather.他是我父亲的老相识。

pal

口语用词，指十分要好的朋友。例如：

We’vebeenpalssincechildhood.我们自儿时就是好朋友。

DR_instantlyinstantly:adv.

atonce;immediatelyInstantlythebloodcreptwarmlyoverherbody.Hismanlybeautyandmorethancommongracefulnesswereinstantlythethemeofgeneraladmiration.霎那间，迪克意识到他处境危险。

InstantlyDickawoketotheterrorsofhisposition.Sometimesheinstantlyapprovedaproposalwhoseprospectseemedexceedinglybleak.词缀

–aholic，-holic，-oholic

在某些词后面表示“沉溺于，无法摆脱”的意思。如：shop-aholic，golf-aholic，tobaccoholic

等。

DR_workaholicworkaholic:n.

apersonwholikestoworktoohardorisunabletostopworkingHewasalifelongworkaholic,whopainteddawntodusksevendaysaweek.InAmerica,itisgenerallybelievedthatbeingaworkaholicisunhealthyandharmful.AgroupofJapanesemenhopetoencourageworkaholichusbandstoheadhomeearlyandshowtheirwivessomeappreciation.N.B.DR_classic1classic:1.adj.Ofthehighestquality;havingavalueorpositionrecognizedandunquestionedItisveryinterestingforaChinesetoreadanEnglishtranslatedversionoftheChineseclassicnovelTheDreamofRedMansions.The7-Elevenchainistheclassicexampleofconveniencestore.

DR_classic22.n.

1)writer,artist,book,etc.ofthehighestclassCharlesDickensisaclassic.2)outstandingexampleofitskindMywatchbandisaclassicmadein1960byRobinsons.He’shopingthattomorrow’sgamewillbeaclassic.DR_dayoffdayoff:

dayonwhichonedoesnothavetoworkOnmydayoff,I’llfixthetipsyfence.Itfeltlikeabigsickjokewhenthecompanymadeusworkonourdayoff.ThereweremanyChineseworkersonadayoff,alllookingcheerfulandhealthy.下次休假时，我再来看你。I’llcomeovertoseeyouonmynextdayoff.DR_conceivablyconceivably:adv.

imaginably;believablyAccordingtosomescientists,thediseasecouldconceivablybetransferredtohumans.Shebroughtmearaincoatbecauseshethoughtitmightconceivablybeusefultome.他的话想来不会是他的原意。Hecouldn’tconceivablyhavemeantwhathesaid.

DR_retireretire:v.

(causeto)stopworkingatone’sjob,usu.becauseofage(followedby

from)

WorkersinChinacanallgetapensionaftertheyretire.Theschoolhadtoemploytheretiredteacherstogiveclasses.Hewillretirefromhisjobnextyearandtakethingseasy.DR_spot1spot1.n.1)smallroundmark;dirtymarkWhichhasspots,theleopardorthetiger?Hetriedtoremovethespotonhissweaterwithsoapandwater.2)particularplaceorareaFormanyyears,Spainwasafavouriteholidayspot.Whenthefightstarted,policeandreportersweresoononthespot.DR_spot22.vt.1)pickout;recognizeWespottedasuperstarinthecrowd.走在街上，我看见了一个老朋友。IspottedoneofmyoldfriendswhenIwaswalkingonthestreets.2)markwithspotsShehastwodogs,ayellowoneandaspottedone.Shewaswearingawhitedressspottedwithred.DR_executive1executive:

1.adj.havingthepowertomakeandcarryoutdecisions,esp.inbusinessHehasbeengivenfullexecutivepower.TheUSConstitutionveststheexecutivepowerinthePresident.

美国总统是政府的行政首脑。ThePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistheexecutiveheadofthegovernment.DR_executive22.n.personwithadministrativeormanagerialpowersShe’sanexecutiveinacomputercompany.Theexecutivehasbeenmakingdecisionsaboutthefutureofthecompany.DR_extracurricular1extracurricular:adj.

outsidetheregularcourseofworkorstudiesinschoolorcollegeSportsanddramaaretheschool’smostpopularextracurricularactivities.Theschoolencouragesstudentstohaverichandcolorfulextracurricularlife.Extracurricularactivitiesareanindispensablepartofschoollife.DR_extracurricular2Collocation:extracurricularactivitiesextracurricularathleticsextracurricularlifeextracurricularpastimeextracurricularbooks课外活动课外体育活动课余生活业余消遣课外书DR_survive1survive:v.

continuetoliveorexist;livelongerthan;remainaliveafterWilltheLunarNewYearsurvivemodernlivingandcompetinginfluences?Inordertosurviveanddevelopinthefuture,wemustseizethisrareopportunity.这次地震中一家人都幸免于难,真是九死一生。Itisanarrowescapethatthewholefamilysurvivetheearthquake.DR_survive2survive,continue,remain&lastCF:这些词都是动词，都含有“继续存在”、“经受住”的意思。survive可作及物和不及物动词，含有“幸免于难”、“平安度过”之意。continue为中性词，且不带任何感情色彩，指从开始到结束之间的任何延伸过程。remain指人或物移去、分离或毁坏后仍留在原地。last即“持续”、“经受住”之意，特指某事物继续存在，或最为普通意义上的时间持续。DR_survive3Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Tenofthemtheshipwreck.2.Littleofthebuildingaftertheexplosion.3.Sheisfondofperfumewiththescentthatalongtime.4.HereadingwhenIspoketohim.5.Itisbelievedthatusuallywomenmen.survived_______remained________lasts____continued_________survive______CF:survive,continue,remain&lastDR_marketablemarketable:adj.

suitableforthedemandofthemarket;thatcanbesoldeasilyThisnewtypeofcameraisahighlymarketableproduct.Collegestudentsshouldstudytomakethemmarketablewhentheyfinallygettheirdegreesordiplomas.

Lookingatthecurrenteconomicgloom,Ievenresentmyselfforpursuingpaperqualificationblindlyandignoringavaluableandmarketableskill.DR_compete1compete:vi.

trytowinsth.bydefeatingotherswhoaretryingtodothesameAthleteswillcompeteagainsteachotheraccordingtotheknockoutsystem.Johncompetedforaplaceatschool,buthedidn’tgetin.Wemuststrivetofullyequipourselvestoseizenewopportunitiesandtocompetesuccessfullyintheglobalmarketasweenterthisnewera.DR_compete2虽然只有四匹马竞争，但比赛很精彩。Althoughtherewereonlyfourhorsescompeting,itwasanexcitingrace.Pattern:competeagainst(with) 与…竞争competefor 为…竞争competein 在…中竞争DR_belovedbeloved:

1.adj.dearlylovedHeneverrecoveredfromthedeathofhisbeloveddaughter.Thismanwasbelovedby/ofallwhoknewhim.Everyloverseesathousandgracesinthebelovedobject.情人眼里出西施。2.n.dearlylovedpersonIreceivedadozenrosesfrommybelovedonmybirthday.Hewroteasonnettohisbeloved.DR_firmfirm:n.

abusinesscompanyNoemployeesofthefirmareallowedtoanticipatetheirsalary.Theydemandedthedivorceofthesubsidiaryfromtheparentfirm.

公司应按照同工同酬的原则进行分配。Thefirmshoulddistributeontheprincipleofequalpayforequalwork.Thedirectorwascarefulnottolaythefirm’splansbare.董事很注意不外露公司的计划。

DR_embarrassembarrass:vt.

make(sb.)feelawkwardorashamedI’msosorrytoembarrassyouinfrontofyourfriends.Hewasveryembarrassedtohearpeoplespeaksohighlyofhim.EyecontactmayconveysincerityandattentivenessinWesterncultures,buttoomucheyecontactmayembarrasspeopleinsomeorientalcultures.这是一个尴尬的局面,但是他们成功地应付过去了。

Itwasanembarrassingsituation,buttheycarrieditoffwell.DR_odd1odd:adj.1.strange;unusualWealwaysmeetinoddcircumstances.Shegetsodderasshegrowsolder.Don’tyouthinkitoddthatthefamouspopsingershouldhavecommittedsuicide?2.separatedfromitspairorsetTherewasnothingbutanoddshoeundertheoldman’sbed.3.(ofnumbers)unabletobedividedbytwo1,3,5areoddnumbers.DR_odd2CF:strange,odd,peculiar&eccentric

这些形容词均含有“奇怪的、奇异的、新奇的”之意。strange普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生、新奇、奇怪或不自然的人或物。例如：

Thedoctorthoughtherstrangebehaviourwascausedbystress.医生认为她那奇怪的举止是由于紧张所致。odd通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。例如：

Heisratheranoddman.他是个颇为古怪的人。

DR_odd3

peculiar常含有令人不快的“奇怪”、“奇异”之意；侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性。例如：

Thisfoodhasgotapeculiartaste.这食物味道怪异。eccentric指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。例如：

Ifyougotothepartyinslippers,youwillbeconsideredrathereccentric.如果你穿着拖鞋出席舞会的话，人们会认为你有些古怪。CF:DR_grab1grab:

1.v.takeroughly,snatcheagerlySincethelate15thcentury,Westerncolonialistsstartedtograbandconquercoloniesinabigway.Theboygrabbedatanyexcusetoavoiddoingdishes.他抓住了去美国的机会。

HegrabbedthechancetogototheUS.Collocation:grabachancegrabaseatgrabatsb./sth.抓住机会

强占座位

试图抓住…；抢夺…DR_grab22.n.asuddenattempttoseizesth.Theboymadeagrabatthefrog,butitjumpedaway.他一把抓住柜台上的钱。Hemadeagrabatthemoneyonthecounter.DR_board1board:v.1.getinto(ashiporpublicvehicle)WedecidedspontaneouslytoboardatrainforGeneva.Beforeboardingtheplane,Jennytriedoncemoretocallhome.2.getorsupplymealsandlodgingforpaymentIhavetoboardthedogoutwhileI’mawayonbusiness.Shearrangedtoboardsomestudentsfromtheuniversities.膳宿费一天要多少?Howmuchisboardingandlodgingaday?DR_board2Myuncleisreadytocovermyboardingandlodgingaswellasotherlivingexpenses.N.B.形近词比较：

aboard prep./adv.

在（车、船、飞机）上abroad adv.

在国外board n.

木板；vt.

登上（船、飞机等）broad adj.宽的，辽阔的；宽容的DR_board3aboard,abroad,board,broadPutintoeachgaponeoftheabovewords.Thejobinvolvesworkingthreemonthseachyear.2.Theministerhasviewsanddoesnotinsistthateveryonebelievejustashedoes.3.Wheneverybodywason,theshipsailed.4.Johnhasneverbeenaplane.abroad______broad_____board_____aboard______DR_decease1decease:vi.

diethedeceased:n.

thedeadpersonThepropertyshouldbeinheritedbythechildrenofthedeceased.Thedeceasedwilledhisvastestatetohisdaughters.Thegoalsandpurposesforcloningrangefrommakingcopiesofthosedeceasedtobetterengineeringtheoffspringinhumansandanimals.DR_decease2CF：die,decease,perish&vanish这些动词均有“死”或“死亡”之意。

die最普通用词，指某人或某物失去生命而永远不存在。例如：

Imightaswelldieasmarryhim.与其嫁给他，我倒不如死了算了。decease正式用词，多指法律上的用语，只适用于人。例如：

Thedeceasedleftalargesumofmoneytohiswife.死者给他的妻子留下了一大笔钱。DR_decease3perish书面用词，多指夭折或不幸暴亡。例如：

Hundredsofsheepperishedthatyearbecauseofdrought.那年数以百计的羊因干旱而死亡。vanish指某物绝迹、不存在或化为乌有。例如：

Manykindsofanimalshavevanishedfromtheearth.许多种动物已经在地球上灭绝了。CF：DR_heeye:

lookdirectlyandwithoutfearatsomeonewhoisnearThereisasayinginEnglish,“Don’ttrustanyonewhowon’tlookyouintheeye.”Sheknewhewaslyingbecausehecouldn’tlookherintheeye.他是个有高度道德原则的人，无论对谁都可以问心无愧。

Heisapersonofhighmoralprinciples,whocanlookanyonestraightintheeye.Theywanttolookyouintheeyetodemonstrateinterestinthediscussionandtoshowthattheyarehonestandsincere.DR_bitternessbitterness:n.

feelingsofanger,sorrow,disappointment,etc.Thislegendarymanhasenduredalmostallthebitternessofhumanlife.

Whenyouharborbitterness,happinesswilldockelsewhere.

叫苦连天

One’scryforbitternessisheavenlyhigh.苦中作乐

忆苦思甜悲喜交集seekhappinessfrombitternesscontrastpastbitternesswithpresenthappinessHappinessisdashedwithbitterness.DR_straightenoutstraightenout:settle(sth.)byremovingtheconfusionsordifficultiesinit;putrightYoushouldstraightenoutyourconfusedthinking.

Hisbusinessaffairsareinaterriblemess;theywilltakeagestostraightenout.Throughthereform,weintendtostraightenouttherelationshipbetweentheruleoflawandtheruleofman.DR_finances1finances:n.

theamountofmoneyownedbyaperson,government,orbusinessSherefusedtoanswerquestionsaboutherpersonalfinances.I’mafraidmyfinanceswon’truntoaholidayabroadthisyear.当然，这事是否能成功取决于你的经济状况。Whetheritcanbedoneornotdepends,ofcourse,onyourfinances.DR_finances2Collocation:national/public/statefinanceshighfinance anexpertinfinancetheMinisterofFinance国家财政

巨额融资财政专家

财政部长

DR_option1option:hefutureWithcash,stockoptionsandthepromiseofvastresources,Microsofthasattractedfacultyelitestoitsresearchcenter.琼斯已取得那幢房子的买卖权。

Joneshastakenanoptiononthathouse.2.sth.youcanchoosetodoAnalystssaythatthelaunchoftheeurooffersanewandattractiveoption.

option,choice&alternative

这些名词均含有“选择”之意。

option

着重特别给予的选择权，所选物常常相互排斥。

choice

侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。

alternative

指在相互排斥的两者之间进行选择，也可指在两者以上中进行选择。

DR_option2Shehastheoptionofenteringgraduateschoolorstartingherprofessionalcareer.机会总是留给有准备的人。

Therearevariousoptionsopentosomeonewhoiswellprepared.CF:DR_option3Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.

Nowyouknowallthefacts,youcanmakeaninformed.2.Theremustbea(n)topeoplesleepingonthestreets.3.Theydidn’tleavehimmany—eitherhepaidorthey’dbeathimup.4.I’dprefernottoworkbutIdon’thavemuch.5.I’mafraidIhavenobuttoaskyoutoleave.choice______alternative__________options_______choice______alternative__________CF:option,choice&alternativeDR_andallthatandallthat:

andsimilarthingsHelookedverysmart,verygentlemanly,andallthat.Marylikestoeatfruit—strawberriesandallthat.随着年龄的增长，我逐渐遇到各种不良行为的诱惑，如吸毒、酗酒，凡此种种。Whilegrowingup,Iwassurroundedwithtemptationstocommitmisdeedslikedrugs,alcoholandallthat.Ourapartmentsareperfectineverydetail—hotandcoldwater,privatebaths,specialhallserviceforeveryfloor,elevators,andallthat.Shepickedoutabottleofwinethatsheparticularlyliked.DR_pickout1pickout:1.chooseI’mgoingtopickoutafewbooksformyfriendinShanghai.2.distinguishfromsurroundingpersons,objects,etc.AtonceIpickedoutmyeldersisterinthecrowd.他的房子有一扇黑色的大门，很容易从其余的房子中区别出来。Hishouseiseasilypickedoutfromtherestforithasalargeblackdoor.DR_pickout2Whenwalkinginthecompanyofothermen,theremustbeoneIcanlearnsomethingfrom.Ishallpickouthismeritstofollowandhisshortcomingsforreferencetoovercomemyown.三人行,必有我师焉。择其善者而从之,其不善者而改之。

DR_pickout3Collocation:pickandstealpickoutpickuppickupwith扒窃选择拾起在偶然机会认识DR_discreetlydiscreetly:adv.

carefullyandsensibly;considerately;nottooobviouslyHisutterances