新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson41：TheOriginofThings

新概念英语四册课堂笔记Lesson41：TheOriginofThings新概念英语Lesson41TheOriginofThingsEducationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates'invest'ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback'interest'intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,punctuatedbytext-books--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?Somuchiscertain ：thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths--butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson'factsandfigures'andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellowcitizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof'college'imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyis,equallyequippedforlife.Itistheidealconditionofthe'equalstart'whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno'illiterates'--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEnglandin1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof'civilized'nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe'happyfew'duringthepastcenturies.Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthesavannahsknowofno'juveniledelinquency.'NonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromHomeresultsinneglectofchildren,andnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto'buy'aneducationforhischild.Newwordsandexpressions生词短语inheritvt. 继承disinheritv. 剥夺继承权illiteraten.文盲literarya.文学的literaturen.文学circum=surrounding周围的circus马戏团，马戏场circumspecta.慎重的，周到的，小心谨慎的environmentn.（用单数）circumstancen.（用复数）deprivesb.ofsth.剥夺某人机会rob：抢robsb.ofsth.e.g.Hedeprivedmeoftheopportunityofeducation./Hedeprivedmeoffreedom./I 'mdeprived./downfallen.possess：拥有dispossesssb.ofsth.invest：投资devest：拿走denudev.使身无分文convincesb.ofsth.e.g.Heconvincedmeofhishonesty.（强调结果）persuadesb.todosth.e.g.Shepersuademetogoshoppingwithher.（强调过程）Hisspeechisveryconvincing.（ 具有说服力）enlightened：受到启迪Listentobothsides,youwillbeenlightened.（ 兼听则明）theenlightenment启蒙运动Weshouldbaseonunderstandingonreason.ancientphilosopher（Aristotle）Renaissance（文艺复兴）scientificrevolutionReligionalwaysregardedhumanasvicious.（well-natured：人性本善）Famousfigures：Bacon,Locke,Rousseau《TheConfessions》instruct：指导instructor辅导员cycleofinstruction教学周期punctuatevt.增强，介入，加标点underline：增强fortify：增强（工事）intensify：强化preachsermonmissionary：带着任务到国外传教defendantn.被告（plaintiff：原告prosecutor：原告（尤指刑事）MA二masterofarts:硕士PHD博士defendant:论文的答辩者defendmythesismentaloutlook:精神面貌worldoutlook:世界观vision/view/sightcapacityn.水平breathcapacity:肺活量capability/caliber :highcaliberinthecapacityof :以什么身份e.g.Inthecapacityofachairman,Iextendawarmwelcometoallthedelegates.acupuncture针灸术inheritvt.inheritor：继承人people/folk：民族(highcivilized)tribe：backwardMongoliantribe 蒙古部落clan：氏族maternal：母系paternal：父系illiteraten.文盲literate：有文化的antiilliteracy扫盲compulsoryservicesystem义务服役制compulsorycourse必修科目optional/selectivecourse：选修科目deem=regard/thinkIdeemhimright.Hehampersmyprogress.block/thwartshackle：枷锁impede：阻止junglelaw：丛林法则thesurvivalofthefittest 适者生存savannah：大草原（比较潮湿的湿地）inSouthAmericadelinquencyjuveniledelinquencycrime/sin/guiltcrime非常严重commitsin：能够饶恕的罪行Amitabhaguilt：(抽象)犯罪Iamguilty.confrontvt.面对(face的书面用语)confrontdifficulty/beconfrontedwithThere'saconfrontationbetweenthetwonations.Notesonthetext 课文注释keywords：关键词/an=once,表强调/victim：牺牲品/adversedeprived：被剥夺(Onlywitheducationcanamanbesuccessful.)经典背诵句：Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.amanwithoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.(Asanappleisnotanappleinanythingsuntilitisripe,soamanwithouteducationisnotamaninanythings.)convincedof ：被说服，相信=believingstates=nations=governmentsinvest'：投资institutionsoflearning学术机构institutionsofhigherlearning：高等教育‘interest'：利息intheformof/intheshapeofenlightened：有知识的potential：潜在=possibleelite：精英workout=design设计punctuate：增强wells：源泉wellsofwisdom：知识源泉Whatwould…（虚拟语气）benefits：裨益without（虚拟语气的成分居多）=butfor：若不是，若没有iftherewerenotitsbenefits …Theideasthatcometohimsothickandfast,wherearetheynow?名词疑问句=感叹句Women,whocanlivewiththem?whocanlivewithoutthem?thatwewouldhave虚拟spiritualoutlook：精神面貌/世界barefootdoctor：赤脚医生laystresson：强调，重视‘factsandfigures'：数字和事实(think,judge,reason)moreonagoodmemorywoman'swit没有任何的解释appliedpsychology：应用心理学capacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellowcitizens(nepotism：裙带关系)/criterion ：标准fashioned=designed=tailoredbookless：没有书本Homeless/childless/treeless(atreelessmountain) 名词less构成反义词democratic：民主的/imaginable：能够想象的mostimaginable/possible(后置定语)Themostrelaxformpossibleistogopicnicking.equality：平等/samefooting：同起点inheritedbytraditionissharedbyall(equality)inthisrespect/regard/area ：在这个角度来说equip(withknowledge)forlifeideal不具有比较级progressive：进步的regain：重新获得Educationcanbespreadtoeverymanpossible.义务制)(9yearcompulsoryeducationalsystem ：九年primitivecultures=inancienttimescultures：国家,differentcultures ：不同的国家obligation：义务binding：绑,bound(Asoneofthesocialmembers,youhadtotakeresponsibilitytoreceiveeducation.)‘illiterate'文盲script=word：文字compulsory：强制的，义务的attendance