教师词汇讲义

Unit4BodyLanguage讲义编写人徐红燕Warmingup&Readingcommunicatevt.传达，传递，传播communicatesthtosbvi.交流，交往 communicatewithsbcommunicatetheinstructionsofthehigherlevel传达上级指示Thedeafgreetingsn.Pleasecommunicatethismessagetoallemployees.请把这个消息传递给所有的职工。Iaskedyoursistertocommunicatemywishestoyou.我请你的妹妹向你转达我的祝愿。andmutecommunicatebysignIanguage.聋哑人用手语沟通。Thedeafgreetingsn.Hehadnowaytocommunicatewithhisbrother.Sincethen,theyhavelosttheirabilitytocommunicatewithanaudienee.greetvt.问候；(以…)迎接，欢迎，greetsb/sthwithsthTheygreetedhimwithmanyexpressionsofpleasure 他们说了许多表示欢迎他的话。Thedoggreeteditsmasterwithawagofitstail 那只狗摇动尾巴来迎接主人。ShegreetedherfriendsbysayingGoodmofhing! ”她用说"早安"来问候她的朋友们。Hisspeechwasgreetedwithcheers 他的演说受至U喝彩Russiagreetsthenewyearinachievementandtest俄罗斯在成就和考验中迎来新年问候，招呼representvt.阅读下列句子，注意represent的意思和用法。TheroserepresentsEngland.象征，表示Herepresentedourschoolatthemeeting作为...的代表Herepresentedhimselfasawealthyman,butinfacthewasapoorma声称是…LetmetryrepresentingmyideatoyouinEnglish. 陈述，阐述归纳总结representsth.(tosb.) (向某人)陈述、说明、阐述representoneselftobe(as)声称是…假称是、装作represent….as 把…描绘成…ThePurpleButterfly,representingChinafilm,willshowontheCannesFilmFestival.［拓展］representative作名词，是可数名词，意为 代表”；作形容词，意为有代表性的、典型的”。curiousadj.becuriousaboutsth.对...好奇becurioustodosth.急于做…，极想做…Itiscuriousthat...是惊奇的.Asalittlegirl,shewascuriousabouttheoriginofhumanbeings.Iwascurioustoknowwhatwasinthebox.It'scuriousthathedoesn'tcareaboutitatall.Iamcurioustoknow/amcuriousabout 彳艮想知道)whattodowiththenaughty.Wehavelittlecuriosityabout对…没有好奇心)whattheywanttodonext.curiosityn.好奇心curiouslyadv.好奇地Wealllookedathimwithcuriosity/curiously.outofcuriosity出于好奇thefirstpersontoarrive 第一个到达的人thefirst,thesecond,thelast,theoniy 等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，常用不定式作定语。Hewastheonlyonetofinishthetaskintime他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，主要有两种：.主谓关系被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。Thereisnoonetotakecareofher..动宾关系被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，其后须加上适当的介词，构成及物动词短语。Ineedapieceofpapertowriteon.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Therearefivepairstochoosefrom.approach.阅读下列句子，注意approach的意思和用法。.Someoneisapproachingourcar.接近，靠近.Summerisapproaching.(时间上的)接近，靠近;即将达至U.Herworkisapproachingperfection. 他的工作近乎完美。.Asapoethehardly即proachesJohnMilton他的诗才很难与弥尔顿媲美。(在性质或特点上)接近(某人或某物)Heapproachedthebankmanagerforaloa 贷款).为…接近(某人).Sheapproacheseverythinginanewway. 着手处理，开始对付.Theapproachoftheexamismakinghimnervous来临.Let'stryanotherappro方法.Allapproachestothecityarecutoff.通道*名词approach作方法”通路”入口”讲时，多与介词to连用。用approach的适当形式填空。Thedogisapproachingmylittlechild.Withtheapproachofwinter,theweathergrowscolder.Theyapproachedthebirdsquietlyandwatchedthem.ItisoneofthebestapproachestostudyingEnglish.WintervacationisD.Ican'twaittogobackhome.A.comingB.onthewayC.approaching D.A、BandCkissheronthecheek 亲吻她的面颊表示“接触某人身体的某个部位”，用“动词+sb+介词+the部位”的结构。不同的身体部位 钱用

不同的介词。oninonin拉/握/抓/推时，用by涉及面部表情时，用on谈到创伤时，用inHit/strike/touch/patsbonthehead/shoulder/nose/neck/backHit/strike/touch/patsbintheface/stomach/side/chest/eyeTake/pull/grasp/seize/catch/hold/lead//sbbytheear/nose/hand/arm/sleeveTherewasanastonishedexpressiononherface.Hewaswoundedintheshoulder.defeneeun.防卫;防备;防护(代表防卫的行为action)cn■防御物;防御能力俵示可以用来防卫的东西sth)Thewallwillactasadefeneeagainstflooding.Hundredsgavetheirlivesindefeneeoffreedom.indefenceof保卫 ”、为…辨护”defendvt.Theyfoughttodefendtheircountry.防御保卫Weshoulddefendtheislandagainstivasion.”defend…from/against保卫..… 免受或抵抗.…Hetriedtodefendhisreputation.保护Shedefendedherselfsuccessfullyincourt.为…辩护Thewallwasbuilttodefendtheroadfrombeingwashedawaybythese 不被海水冲走).majoradj.主要的，(较)大的，重要的Thisquartetrepresentsamajornewtrendinmodernmusic. 这首四重奏的曲子反映了现代音乐中一种主要的新趋向。Wehavemetwithmajorproblems.我们已遇至U重大的问题。Theplaywasamajorsuccess.这出戏大获成功。n.主修科目，专业Heplannedtotakechemistryashismajor.vi.主修Shemajoredinmathsandphysicsatuniversity.10.misunderstandingcn/.un.误解，误会v.曲解，误会，误解misunderstandunderstandingn.理解v.理解clearupamisunderstanding消除误会understand1).Youmusthavemisunderstoodmymeaning.2).You'dbetternothaveyourselfmisunderstood..Hehasaclearunderstandingofthesituation..Hiswordsledtoothers'misunderstanding.Ex:Youdon'tfollowhisintention,andthereforeydnaveamisunderstandingof误解了)thetruemeaningofhiswords.11.closeto（时间或空间上）接近，接近（在句中作状语和表语）；亲近的，密切的；几乎，接近Don'tstandclosetothestove,incaseitmayrnyourclothes.Thebankisclosetoasupermarket.Shehasalwaysbeenveryclosetoherparents.Weweresoclosetowinningthematch.Itiscloseto10o'clock.辨析close&closely作副词用的差别close是一种实际意义上的接近”指距离、场所、地点等的 接近，靠近”closely是指抽象意义上的接近”多用比喻意义，有 亲密地，严密地，仔细地”等意思。Iwentcloser,andsawclearlyatallmaninthemoonlightComeclose.IwanttotellyousomethingimportantThepolicemanfollowedthestrangemancloselyThescientistsgotcloselyintouchwiththeastronauts［拓展］由close和closely这种意义上的区别，我们可以很轻松地区别 high和highly、wide和widely、deep和deeply等一类词。带-ly的副词往往用作抽象意义或比喻意义，而不带-ly的副词多用作实际意义。例如：Hethrewtheballhighintotheair.（high是指实际意义上的高”）Theyspokehighlyofhisbehaviour.（highly用作比喻意义高度地”）Thedentistaskedmetoopenwide.牙医要我张大嘴巴。（wide是指实际意义的大、阔”Heiswidelyread他博览群书。（widely是指抽象意义上的广泛地”）notall部分否定=all???notNotallthechildrenarenaughty.=Allthechildrenarenotnaughty拓展every…not=notever并非每个both•••not=notboth并非两个都nor连词，也不"连接否定的并列成分。Ihavenobrothers,noranysisters.Neithermymothernormyfatherwenttouniversity.nor放在句首，该句子用倒装的语序.（be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语前）NobodycanlearnbodyIanguageinoneday,norcan 我也不会）.类似的用法还有： not,never,neither,hardly,seldom等。likelyadj.常用于此类结构：1） .sb./sth.islikelytodosth.2） .Itislikelythat…Heislikelytobelate.=Itislikelythathewillbelate注意：.likely的主语可以是人也可以是物；但不说： “It'slikelytodosth.Itislikelytorain.（句子中的it是天气,并不是形式主语。）adv.很可能（多和most或very连用）Wewillmostlikelyseehimlater.Shewillverylikelycrywhenyougo.区另廿:likely,probable,possiblelikely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能I'mhardlylikelytofinishitwithinaweek. 我不可能在一周内把它干完。possible表示客观上潜在的可能性，也许实际发生的可能性并不大 常常用于下列结构：主语不能是人Itispossible(forsb)todosth.Itispossiblethat从句ItispossibleforustogetfromBeijingtoTianjininlessthananhour.ItispossiblethatIbable表示有几分根据的推测，比 possible表示的可能性大。换句话说，probable的有可能”是指有实际的依据或逻辑上合乎情理。probable:常用于itisprobable+that主语不能是人，不能说itisprobabletodosth.Itispossiblethatitwillrain,butwithsuchablueskyitdoesntseemprobable.下雨的可能是有的，但天空一片蔚蓝，可能性似乎不大。Hissuccessisnotimpossiblebuthardlyprobable.他的成功并非是不可能的，但是希望极小。.Itisverylikely(很有可能)thatitwillrain..Weareverylikelytomakemistakes 我们很可能犯错误)whenwelearnEnglish..Iamlikelyto(我有可能finishtheworkwithinaweek..Noticingthattherewaslikelytobetrouble 可能有麻烦),theyleftawaysecretly.15.ingeneral一般来说，通常，总的来说.(=generallyspeaking)Howdopeopleingenerallookonher? 人们一般对她怎麽看？Ingeneral,womenliveIongerthanmen.generaladj.一般的，普遍的；全体的；总的Thisledtoageneralstrikeandallproductionstopped.这弓I起了普遍罢工，所有生产都停止了。Thegeneralleveloftrainingwasnothigh. 培训的总体水平不高。UsingLanguagefunctionn.Theythoughtfunctionismoreimportantthanform.作用，功能，用途un/cnInyournewjob,youwillbeexpectedtoperformmanydifferentfunctions.( 人的)职责cnTheministerhastoattendallkindsoffunctions. 重大聚会，典礼cnvi.运行，起作用Hisbrainseemstobefunctioningnormally.functionas起…作用，具有…功能(=workas)SomeEnglishadverbsfunctionasadjectives.Thesofacanalsofunctionasabedeasen.freedomfromwork,discomfort,painoranxiety 安逸，舒适；vt.relieve(thebodyormind)减轻(痛苦，忧虑)Theretiredcouplelivedalifeofease.这对退休夫妇过着安逸的生活。Theaspirineasedhisheadache 阿司匹林减轻了他的头痛。atease=atone's舒适e快活；自由自在。Ifeelateasewithmyfriends.我和朋友们在一起感到自在 .Heisateaseaboutthematter他对此事很放心.ShewasateaseinsuchanicehousdS 这样的好房子，她很舒适。putsb.atease使某人感到轻松自在withease容易地，无困难地Theirwarmwelcomesoonputmeatease.Heisexpectedtowinthegamewithease预计他在比赛中会轻易获胜。Takethisdruganditwilleaseyourpain 减缓你的疼痛）.trulyadv.真实地，准确地；真正地，确实地；真诚地，诚恳地Shedidn'tletanyoneknowwhatshetrulyfelt. 她不让别人知道她的真实感情。 Heknewhehadbehavedbadlyandheseemedtrulysorry.他知道自己表现不好，所以确实显得懊悔。Iamtrulygratefulforallyourhelp. 我真诚地感谢你的帮助。loseface丢脸猜猜这些与face相关的短语的含义：facetoface面对面 makeaface做鬼脸saveone'sfafe全面子 pull/wearalongface板着脸showone'sfa露面 infaceof面对着turnone'sbackto/c背对着…注意turnone'sbacl在下列句中的含义Neverturnyourbackto/onbackwardstudents.refusetospeakto不理睬Heneverturnedhisbackto/onhisneighborswhentheyneededhelp.refusetohelp 拒绝帮忙Sheturnedherbackonhersingingcareeraftermarryingarichbusinessman.abandon放弃，背弃upanddown上上下下，来回Abutterflyisflyingupanddownamongtheflowers. 有一只蝴蝶正在花丛里忽上忽下地飞着。Theteacherwaswalkingupanddowintheclassroom. 老师在教室里走来走去。Johnsonlookedatherupanddownanddecidedtoaskherout.约翰逊上上下下打量了她一番，决定邀请她出去。inmostcases在大多数情况下inthis/thatcase在这种/那种情况下inanycase不管怎样，无论如何innocase绝不（置句首时，需部分倒装）incaseof如果，万一（介词短语用作条件状语）Incase以防，万一，（用来引导条件状语从句）用与case相关的短语填空Johnmayphonetonight.Idon'twanttogooutincasehephonesThewallwasbuiltalongtheriverincaseoffloods.Innocaseshouldagovernmentofficertakebribes贿赂）.Inanycasehecannotgiveupit.Youdon'tlikeyourjob?Inthatcasewhydon'tyouleave?rankcn/un.阶层，阶级，等级；地位，身份6.相反6.相反onthecontrary78.为…接近某人approachsbforsth9.可能…2.peopleofallranks社会各阶层的人asoldierofthehighrank高军阶的军人agentlemanofrank有地位的纟申士Heisamusicianofthefirst/top/frontrank.他是一流的音乐家。theranks《集合用法》（与军官相对而言的）士兵，士官vt.把…分类为…，评价vi.属某等级，居某地位Irankheramongthecountry'sbes我认为她可属全国最优秀作家之列。Irankherachievementveryhigh.Criticsrankhimasafirst-classpainte评论家把他评价为一流的画家。Doesherankamong/withthefailures.他可以算作失败的那一类人吗？Sherankshigh/firstinherclass她在班上名列前茅/第一。重点短语被…紧跟着closelyfollowedby亲她的脸kissheronthecheek自卫indefenee一个大误会amajormisunderstanding把手伸向某人reachone'shandouttosb靠某人近moveclosetosbbelikelyto互相握手问候greeteachotherbyshakinghands一般地说ingeneral代替，取代inplaceof捕捉未说出的信息catchone'sunspocommunication面部表情facialexpressions使某人轻松自在putsbatease丢脸loseface背对看…，不理睬…，拒绝帮助…，放弃… turnone'sbackto上下点头nodtheheadupanddown在大多数情况下inmostcases对…尊敬berespectfulto级别更高的人someoneofahigherrank误解…bewrongabout重点句型Isawseveralyoungpeopleenterthewaitingroomlookingaroundcuriously.Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway,noraretheycomfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistaneebetweenpeople.单选AtthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferentAtothestudyofmathematics.approachesB.means C.methods D.waysfeelings.Peopleareencouragedtospeakopenly,butcarelesswordCtohurtothersfeelings.A.certain B.probableC.likely D.sureHewillC_ ourclasstosingattheschoolsingingcontest.A.takeplace B.standforC.representD.representativeThelastoneC_paysthebill.A.arrived B.arrivesC.toarrive D.arrivingItwasnotaneasydecisionforhertomakeasitwouldaffectherfuturestudyincollegeandherfuturejobA_.A.aswell B.also C.either D.thoughThoughshehasbeeninEnglandforhalfayear,sheisstillunabletoBinsimpleEnglish.A.understandB.expressherselfC.speakhermindD.makeherselfunderstandItisthedutyofeverycitizento Ahiscountrywhenitisattackedbytheenemy.A.defend B.guard C.protest D.preventSurelyitdoesn'matterwherethestudentsassociationsgettheirmoney;what Aiswhattheydowithit.A.counts B.applies C.stresses D.functionsMyfatherwalkedB_intheroom,lookingasifhewasthinkingoversomething.A.nowa