江苏南京市、盐城市2023年高三一诊考试英语试卷（含答案解析）

2023高考英语模拟试卷考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Allchildrenshouldgetaccesstoahigh-qualityeducation________theirrace,zipcodeorfamilyincome.A．dependingon B．regardlessofC．dueto D．apartfrom2．Yumin,thelatefamousphysicist,oftenencouragedhisstudentsto_____whattheybelievedin,evenwhenfacingstrongopposition.A．comeupwith B．takechargeofC．putupwith D．standupfor3．Ithinkheropinion_________,becausesheisanexperiencedteacher.A．numberB．calculatesC．figuresD．counts4．IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasn’tableto______.A．getaway B．dropin C．checkout D．holdon5．—Whataboutyourself-drivetripyesterday?—Tiring!Theroadwasbeingwidened,andwe________aroughride.A．had B．haveC．wouldhave D．havehad6．—Congratulations！Ihearyou’vewonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition．—You_____bemistaken．I’minthedanceclass．A．must B．may C．should D．could7．Itwasreportedthatasmanyas50%ofpatientsdonottakemedicine______directed,______hasdrawndoctor’sattention.A．when;it B．as;what C．as;which D．that;and8．Wehavebroughtinagoodgrainharvestforthreeyears_________.A．onpurpose B．onend C．onduty D．onwatch9．Rogertrainedhardforthetournamentformonths,butunfortunatelyhehadto_______duetoakneeinjury.A．pulloutB．workoutC．tryoutD．giveout10．TheInternetissomuchapartofourculturethatitaffectsourlivesbyactingasa______forface-to-facecontacts.A．preferenceB．motivationC．substituteD．guideline11．Ineedhelpnow!IhavetofixaleakingpipeinmybathroombutI’mnotsure______tobegin.A．whatB．whichC．whereD．when12．IthinkTomwillmakeagoodmonitor,________I’dliketovoteforhim.A．butB．forC．orD．so13．—-Whatdifferencewillitmake_____weshallgototheconcertonTuesdayorSaturday?—Theyofferadiscountonweekdays.A．thatB．whenC．ifD．why14．—Canyoutellmesomethingabout_________science.—OK._NobelPrizeinChemistryisusuallyawardedtoAmericans.A．the;The B．/;The C．a;/ D．the;/15．Ourdreamisto_______aWorldCupthatmakesyou,yourgrandchildrenandeveryoneinfootballreallyproud.A．stageB．chairC．foundD．watch16．Backwardsomewhattechnologically________weareforthemoment,wehaveconfidenceinourabilitytocatchupintime.A．althoughB．ifC．asD．once17．InApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao,____the60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePLANavy.A．marking B．markedC．havingmarked D．beingmarked18．DorisLessing，anauthorwhohashadafascinatinglife，livedinIran_______shewasfivebeforemovingtoZimbabwe．A．unless B．sinceC．until D．after19．Ithinkyoucouldcomplain,_______,ofcourse,youarehappywiththewaythingsare.A．unless B．that C．which D．where20．—Shallwegototheseveno’clockperformanceortheeight?—_____suitsyoufine.A．Whatever B．Whichever C．Whenever D．Wherever第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Forthefirsttimeeverscientistspreparetosetabouta3-year-longproject，theNektonMission，toexploretheIndianOceananddocumentchangestakingplacebeneaththewavesthatcouldaffectthesurroundingregionoverthecomingdecades.Theambitiousexplorationteamwillreachoneofthelastmajorunexploredfrontiersontheplanet，avastbodyofwaterthat’salreadyfeelingtheeffectsofglobalwarmingwithrisingwatertemperaturesdamagingitscoralreefs(珊瑚礁).UnderstandingtheIndianOcean’secosystemisimportantnotjustforthespeciesthatliveinit，butalsoforthe2.5billionpeoplelivingintheregion.TheNektonMissionissupportedbymorethan4organizations.Researcherswillspendsevenweekssurveyingunderwaterlife，maptheseafloor，anddropsensors(传感器)todepthsofupto6，560feetintheseasaroundtheSeychelles.TheSeychellesaimstobecomealeaderinthedevelopmentofa“blueeconomy”thatdrawsontheresourcesoftheocean.Itreliesonfishingandtourism，buthaslatelyalsobeenexploitingoilandgasfrombeneaththeseafloor.“Ouroceanisundergoingrapidecologicaltransformationbyhumanactivities.TheNektonMissionisvitaltohelpusbetterknowouroceanspaceandresourcestomakewisedecisions.Onlywhenweknowwhatwehaveintheoceanandwhatisitsvaluecallweproperlydecidewhattoexploitandwhattoleaveuntouched，”saidJumeau，theSeychelles’ambassadortotheUN.ThemissionwillconductfurtherdivesinotherpartsoftheIndianOceanoverthreeyears.Theresearchersexpecttodiscovernewspeciesandsendvideostotheworldbysatellite.Theresearchwillprovideinformationforasummit(峰会)abouttheIndianOceanplannedforlate2021.1、WhydothescientistsplantoexploretheIndianOcean?A．Tosavetheendangeredcreatureslivinginthesea.B．Todiscoverthedamagemankindhasdonetotheocean.C．Tomakethebestuseofthenaturalresourcesinthesea.D．Toprotectitsspeciesandpeoplelivingaroundtheregion.2、WhichisnotincludedinthetaskstobecarriedoutaroundtheSeychelles?A．Drawingmapsoftheseafloor. B．Findingtreasuresunderthesea.C．Puttingsensorsintothedeepsea. D．Studyingunderwaterlife.3、WhatcanbelearnedabouttheNek-tonMission?A．ItwillextendbeyondtheIndianOcean.B．Itwillbenefitalotfrom“blueeconomy”.C．Itwillcontributetothe2021conference.D．Itwillfindsolutionstoglobalwarming.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefurthetext?A．ScientistsAretoExploretheIndianOceanB．TheSeychellesAimstoBuilda“BlueEconomy”C．EffectsofGlobalWarmingonMarineEcosystemD．IndianOcean:theLastUnexploredFrontieronthePlanet22．（8分）RecentlyIandotherRedCrossvolunteersmetagroupofvictimsfromHurricaneKatrina.Wewerethere,asmentalhealthprofessionals,tooffer“psychological(心理的)firstaid”andIwasstruckbythesimplehealingpowerofpresence.Aswewalkedinthegatetotheshelter,weweregreetedwithaburstofgratitudefromthefirstpersonwemet.Ifeltappreciated,butalsoguilty,becauseIhadn’treallydoneanythingyet.Ifirstrealizedthepowerofpresencemanyyearsagowhenafriend’smotherpassedawayunexpectedly.Ihadreceivedacallsayingshehadjustpassedaway.Iwantedtorushdownthereimmediately,butdidn’twanttodisturbthisverypersonalperiodofsadness.Iwastornaboutwhattodo.Anotherfriendwithmethensaid,“Justgo.Justbethere.”Idid,andIwillneverregretit.Sincethen,Ihavenothesitatedtobeinthepresenceofothers.OnceIsatatthebedsideofayoungmansufferingfromthepainofhisAIDS-relateddying.Hewasnotawake,andobviouslyunawareofothers’presence.However,theatmospherewasbynomeanssolemn.Hisfamily,playingguitarsandsinging,allowedhimtobepresentwiththemasthoughhewerestillfullyalive.Inmylife,Iamrepeatedlystruckbythehealingpowerofpresence.Init,noneofusaretrulyalone.Itisnotonlysomethingwegivetoothersbutalsochangesmeforthebetter.1、Whywerethehurricanevictimsgratefultotheauthor?A．Hebuiltsheltersforthem.B．Hecametostaywiththem.C．Hegaveimmediatefirstaidtothem.D．Hebroughtmentalhealthprofessionals.2、Whatdidtheauthordowhenhisfriend’smotherpassedaway?A．Hedecidednottodisturb.B．Hewenttohisfriends’atonce.C．Heknewwhattodoinstantly.D．Hehesitatedoverwhethertogo.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solemn”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Heavybutwarm.B．Alittlesadbutcomfortable.C．Relaxinganddelightful.D．Veryseriousandunhappy.4、Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisexperience?A．Beingpresentcanmakeabigdifference.B．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C．Thefamilyharmonyisthehappiestthinginlife.D．Beingavolunteercanmakeone’slifemoresignificant.23．（8分）ConstructiononKnolly'sTunnelbeganin1896，anditwasopenedonAugust13th，182bythemanitwasnamedafter--SirClementC．Knolly，ActingGovernorofTrinidad．ItlinkedRioClarowithPortofSpain．Itsarchitectureisstilladmiredandstudiedtoday，andmanyareamazedthatKnolly'sTunnelhasstooduptotheearth'smovementoversomanyyears．Muchresearchisbeingdoneonthetunnel．AtthetopofKnolly'sTunnelarecottagescoveredwithleaves，wherevisitorscansitandenjoythebeautyofnature．StandingatthebeginningofKnolly'sTunnel，youcanseenothingbutthetinylightattheend．Thetraintrackshavebeenremovedandreplacedwithsmallstones．Visitorscandrivethroughthetunnelorwalkthrough，butshoulddosoingroupsforsafety．Intheolddays，therewerenolights，butnowtherearestreetlightsonthewaytothetunnel，thoughnotinside．Onyourwayin，youmaynoticesomemanholesonthewallsofthetunnel．Thesewerethereforindividualstostepintoforsafetyasthetrainpassed．Knolly'sTunnelcanbeaccessedthroughTabaquiteandthroughMitchellGap．Theroadwasrecentlyimproved，butisbetterwhenyouenterfromTabaquite，andtherearesignsontheroaddirectingyoutoKnolly'sTunnel．OnthedrivetoKnolly'sTunneltherearetwoothercottageswherevisitorscansitandjustenjoynature．Atthesiteitself，thereisnothingtopurchasetoeatordrink，butinTabaquitethereareseveralbars，arestaurant，andfoodoutlets．Agasstationandahealthcentrearealsocloseby．Forthosewhoadmirearchitecture，Knolly'sTunnelisamust-seewhenvisitingTrinidad．Forthenaturelovers，thereisnobetterplaceforthemtobeandforthehistorians，theycanwalkordrivethroughKnolly'sTunnelknowingthatmanyofourancestorstoiled（workedhard）onitsstructure．SowhenyouvisitTrinidad，don'tforgettotakealookatKnolly'sTunnel!1、Knolly'sTunnelisspecialin______．A．itsenvironment B．itsfunctionC．itslocation D．itsarchitecture2、Theunderlinedword"site"intheparagraph4refersto______．A．Trinidad B．TabaquiteC．MitchellGap D．Knolly'sTunnel3、Whatisthepurposeofthepassage？______A．TosuggestavisittoKnolly'sTunnel．B．TointroducethehistoryofKnolly'sTunnel．C．ToevaluatethevalueofKnolly'sTunnel．D．TowitnessthechangeofKnolly'sTunnel4、Thepassageaboveisprobablytakenfrom______．A．ageographytextbook B．atraveljournalC．asportsreport D．ahealthandfitnessmagazine24．（8分）Lucy，whoseskeleton（骨骼）wasdiscoveredinEthiopiain1974，diedshortlyaftershefelloutofatree，accordingtoanewstudypublishedMondayintheBritishjournalNature．Fortheirresearch，KappelmanandDr．RichardKetchamusedaCTscannertocreatemorethan35，000"slices"ofLucy'sskeleton．ScientistsnamedherLucyfromtheBeatlessong"LucyintheSkywithDiamonds"，whichwasplayedatthecampthenightofherdiscovery．Thefollowinganalysisoftheslicesshowedsharp，cleanbreaksseenattheendofLucy'srighthumerus（肱骨）aresimilartobonebreaksseeninvictimsoffalls．TheresearchersconcludedthattheseandotherbreaksinherskeletonshowthatLucy，whoisbelievedtohavestoodabout3feet6inchesandweighedabout60pounds，fellfeetfirstandusedherarmstosupportherself﹣butthattheinjurywastooseveretohavebeensurvivable．TheresearchersestimatethatLucywasgoingabout35milesanhourwhenshehitthegroundafterfallingfromaheightofroughly40feet，accordingtothestatement．Thatsoundsplausible．Butotherscientistsaredoubtful．"Therearecountlessexplanationsforbonebreaks，"Dr，DonaldC，Johanson，directoroftheInstituteofHumanOriginsandoneofthescientistswhodiscoveredLucy，said，"Thesuggestionthatshefelloutofatreeislargelyajust﹣sostoryandthereforeunprovable．"JohansonsaiditwasmorelikelythatLucy'sbreaksoccurredlongaftershedied，sayingthat"elephantbonesappeartohavethesamekindofbreaks，It'sunlikelytheyfelloutofatree．Butthenewresearchfocusedon"asmallnumberofbreaks"thatareconsistentwith"high﹣energybone﹣to﹣boneinfluences"andwhichdifferfromthesortsofbreakscommonlyseeninothercollectedbones．Kappelmanrespondedinanemail，"Theseappeartohaveoccurredatornearthetimeofdeath．"1、WhatcanweinferaboutLucyfromKappelmanandDr．RichardKetcham'sresearch？A．Shegothernamefromasong．B．Shehadmorethan35，000slices．C．Shecouldn'tuseherarmsproperly．D．Shemadeanefforttosaveherself．2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"plausible"inParagraph6probablymean？A．Reasonable．B．Creative．C．Surprising．D．Unbelievable．3、WhichofthefollowingwouldJohansonprobablyagree？A．Elephantsareunlikelytodiefromfalling．B．Lucygotbreaksatornearthetimeofdeath．C．Otherreasonsforthebreaksshouldbeconsidered．D．Lucy'sbonebreaksdifferfromotherbonebreaks．4、Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage？A．Lucydidn'tdiefromfallingoutofatree．B．Thenewlypublishedstudywasmeaningless．C．TheargumentonhowLucydiedwillcontinue．D．Scientistswillfindanotherwaytosolvetheproblem．25．（10分）Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(湿度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”saidresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.45percentofthespeciesstudiednowreachsmalleradultsizesthantheydidinthepast.Theresearcherspointedoutthatwarmertemperaturesandchanginghabitats,causedbyclimatechange,arepossiblereasonsforshrinkingcreatures.“Wedonotyetknowthemechanisms(机制)involved,orwhysomeorganismaregettingsmallerwhileothersareunaffected,”theresearcherssaid.“Untilweunderstandmore,wecouldberiskingnegativeconsequencesthatwecan’tyetquantify.’’Thechangeisbigincold-bloodedanimals.Onlytwodecadesofwarmertemperaturesareenoughtomakeretiles(爬行动物)smaller.Anincreaseofonly1degreecentigradecausednearlya10percentincreaseinmetabolism(新陈代谢).Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.Fisharesmallernowtoo.Thoughoverfishinghasplayedapartinreducingnumbers,experimentsshowthatwarmertemperaturesalsostopfishgrowing.Warm-bloodedanimalsaren’timmune(免除)fromthesizechangecausedbyclimatechange.Manybirdsarenowsmaller.Soaysheeparethinner.ReddeerareweakenAndpolarbearsaresmaller,comparedwithhistoricalrecords.ThisisnotthefirsttimethishashappenedinEarth’shistory.55millionyearsago,awarmingeventsimilartothecurrentclimatechangecausedbees,spidersandantstoshrinkby50to75percentoverseveralthousandyears.Thateventhappenedoveralongertimethanthecurrentclimatechange.Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.1、Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout_______A．Whysomespeciesbecomesmaller.B．HowclimatechangesinEarth’shistory?C．Climatechangehasmanynegativeeffects.D．Speciesarebecomingsmallerasclimategetswarmer.2、Theunderlinedword“trumped”mthefirstparagraphprobablymean_________.A．strengthenedB．gainedC．beatenD．equaled3、ResearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporebelievethat________A．theyhavefoundtheexactcausesforcreaturesgettingsmaller.B．alltheanimalsontheearthhavebecomesmaller.C．climatechangehasmorenegativeeffectsonwarm-bloodedanimals.D．increaseinenergyusecanleadtocreaturesgettingsmaller.4、Whatdoestheauthorfeelabouttheclimatechange?A．DisappointedB．OptimisticC．WorriedD．Shameful第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Oncetherewasaverybrilliant,creativeandeducatedman.Hegainedmuch36whiletravelingthroughouttheworld.Unfortunatelyhelosthislegsandleftarminatragicaccident,leavingonlyafingerandthumbonhisrighthand.Hebecameso37thathewasafraidhewouldspendhislife38andwouldnolongerbeabletousehislifeina(n)39way.Oneday,herememberedhowhehadalwayslovedgetting40.Herealizedthathestillhadpartial41ofhisrighthandandcouldwritewith42.Then,hehadanidea.“Whynotwritetootherpeoplewhoneedencouragement?”He43wherehecouldfindthosewhocouldbeencouragediftheyreadhisletters.Hethoughtofpeoplein44.Manyofthemhadhopeofregainingtheir45.Otherswouldkeepfeelingdepressedandremainputawayfortherestoftheirlives.Hedecidedthathemusttryto46them.Sohewrotetoaprisonministryaboutsendingletterstotheprisoners.Theprisonministerrepliedthatwritingtotheprisonerswouldbe47.However,itwouldbeagainstprisonrulesfortheprisonerstowriteback.48withtheintention,themanbegansending49messagesofGod’slove,hope,strength,andencouragement.Hewrotetwiceaweek,testinghisstrengthandabilitytothe50.Hepouredhisheartandsoulintohiswords,51hisexperience,senseofhumor,optimism,andfaith.Itwasdifficulttowritethoseletters,especiallywithouthopeofany52.Frequently,hefeltdiscouraged,wonderingifanyone53readhisletters.However,thiswashis54chance，sohedeterminedtocontinue.Atlast,hereceivedaletterfromtheprisonofficer,whichsaid,“Pleasewriteonthebestpaperyoucanafford.Yourlettersarepassedfromcell(牢房)tocelluntiltheyalmostfallto55!”Weallhaveuniqueexperiences,abilitiesandtalents.Wecandiscoverwaystoreachothersinneedofencouragementandstrength.36.A．wealth B．faith C．experience D．confidence37.A．depressed B．embarrassed C．ashamed D．thrilled38.A．writing B．suffering C．weeping D．wandering39.A．abnormal B．regular C．comfortable D．meaningful40.A．presents B．e-mails C．letters D．prizes41.A．sense B．strength C．shape D．function42.A．affection B．caution C．difficulty D．confidence43.A．estimated B．doubted C．assumed D．wondered44.A．hospitals B．churches C．prisons D．charities45.A．families B．letters C．freedom D．conscience46.A．release B．reach C．defend D．know47.A．acceptable B．reasonable C．prohibited D．considered48.A．Faced B．Filled C．Satisfied D．Impressed49.A．holy B．daily C．one-way D．round-way50.A．point B．worst C．degree D．limit51.A．sharing B．learning C．gaining D．enriching52.A．success B．reply C．help D．progress53.A．curiously B．patiently C．carefully D．actually54.A．only B．better C．extra D．lost55.A．ruin B．pieces C．theground D．thebottom第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）AChinesetraditionalcoughsyrup,calledNinJiomPeiPaKoa,isbecomingeven1．(popular)amongNewYorkersinthisfluseason,followingaUSnewsreport.accordingtoanarticlepublishedbytheWallStreetJournallastweek,AlexSchweder,2．architectandprofessorofdesignatPrattInstitute3．(suffer)acoughabout-tendays,feltbetteronlyin15minutesafterhedrankabottleofNinJiomPeiPaKoa,which4．(recommend)byhisgirlfriend.Hereisaselectionofthe5．(comment)online:Thiscoughsyrupiseffectivetome.I6．(use)itwheneverIhaveminorcoughingsincetheflubrokeout.Ithelpssooththecoughing.Iliketotakeasoupspoonfullofthesyrupinmymouthandletthesyrupmeltdownmyfoodpipe7．(effort).ItakeitasmuchasIneed.Thisisgreatstuff.Mostlyit’sthehoneyin8．thathelpsyoutalkagain,butittastesdelicioustoo.AChinesemarketinNewYorkCitywherethesyrupissold9．$7.80.That’sthepriceofaChinesepharmacy;10．,thesyrupissoldasmuchas$70onlinethroughthirdparties,theWallStreetJournalsaid.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。TodayisSunday、Theskyisfullofsunshine;sodoesmylife、Atabout9:00a、m、,Igotothebookstorewithmyfriends、Therewasalotofnewbooks、Ididn’tknowwhichonetobuy,becausethesebookswereallusefultome、Atlast,Ichosetwo、At10:00,wewenttothecinema、ThefilmcallingTitanicwasverypopular、Ittook