初中英语非谓语动词知识点与练习以与答案

13/13非谓语动词(一)非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：todo

2、动词的ing:doing

3、动词的过去分词：done(二)三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。详细用法动名词动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成形式主动式被动式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone一般时态Doyoumindmysmokinghere?(动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后或者两个动作同时发生)完成时态Iregretnothavingstudiedhard.(动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前)2.在下面两种句型中，只能用动名词There+be+no+动名词Thereisnogettingalongwithhim.Itis+nouse/good/fun/nice+动名词ItisnouselearningEnglishwithoutspeaking.3.只可以接动名词的动词或者动词短语dislikeadmitenjoydenymindmissriskfinishavoidconsiderexcusesuggestpracticebeworthkeeponcannothelpgiveupputoffleaveoffleadto3．比较：1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构，因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。2）区别①动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。②动名词的基本用法是该结构用在与物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。3）接不定式或动名词，意义一样：begintodobegindoingstarttodostartdoingcontinuetodocontinuedoing

4）动名词与不定式语义不同：A.stoptodostopdoing

B.forgettodoforgetdoing

C.remembertodorememberdoing

D.trytodotrydoing

E.goontodogoondoing

F.beafraidtodobeafraiddoing（二）动名词的句法功能功能例句说明主语Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语动词宾语介词宾语Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室。Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem（in）,spend...（in）,feellike,beusedto（习惯于）,giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）继续习惯别放弃（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考虑建议不禁想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）动词不定式1）动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）动词原形。2）动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?他喜欢做什么运动？—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略to。定语Haveyougotanythingtosay?你有要说的吗？不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1、不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+动词不定式如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。2、不定式作宾语(1)有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看电影吗？(2)在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。3、不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to这些动词有：一感（feel）、二听（hear,listento）、三让（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4、不定式作定语①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。②如果是不与物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。5、不定式的特殊句型：1）too…to…：太…而不能…so/such+adj/adv+asto+v(表结果)Hisfatherwassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2）enoughtodo：足以做…Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3）Whynot+动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?"

Whynottakeaholiday?4）soas(not)todo:inordertodoonlytodotodo（表示目的）DavidcametoChinatostudyChinese.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.

5)用作介词的“to”：lookforwardto渴望;payattentionto注意;devoteoneselfto献身于；be/getusedto习惯等等。动词的过去分词1）动词过去分词的构成：动词过去分词一般由“动词原形+ed”构成2）过去分词的用法过去分词一般表示完成的或者被动的动作1.用作谓语的一部分，和助动词一起构成完成时态或者被动语态Wehavebeenfriendsformanyyears.Hislegwasbrokeninanaccident.2.作定语Thereisabrokencuponthetable.Thisisoneofthefactoriesbuiltinthe1960s.过去分词作定语时放在名词前，过去分词短语作定语时放在名词后面3.作表语Thecupisbroken.4.作宾语补足语Imusthavemybikerepaired.注意，现在分词与动名词，形态上完全一样，动词加上ing但是两者有一个本质的区别，现在分词起形容词和副词的作用，而动名词起名词的作用。Thedancingboyisme.Ienjoydancing.注意：“get/have/make+宾语+过去分词”的构成表示让别人去做这件事情，宾语和动词之间是被动关系。例如：Iwillgetmyhaircut.我会理发。myhair和cut之间是被动关系，让别人为我理发。例题解析：1、考查非谓语动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。[考例]It'sverynicepicturesforme.ofyoutodraw B.foryoutodraw C.foryoudrawing D.ofyoudrawing[答案]：A。[解析]考查It's+形容词+of/forsb.+todosth.句中it为形式主语，todo是真正的主语，当形容词是表示品质意思时，应该用ofsb．，其他形容词用forsb．，故此题答案为A。2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语1.一It'sabitcoldWouldyoumindmy______allthewindows?一Doasyoulike，please．A．close Bwillclose C．closing D．toclose[答案]C[解析]动词mind意为“介意”，后跟动词时，应使用ing形式。MaryandIenjoy____________badmintonA．toplay Bplaying C．played[答案]B[解析]enjoy后跟动词的ing形式作宾语，即：enjoydoingsomething，意为“喜欢(做)某事”。--Sohotintheclassroom．Wouldyoumind___thewindows?--0K．I'lldoitrightnow．[黄冈市]A．notclosing BnotopeningCclosingD．opening[答案]D[解析]mind是中考的重点考查词汇，其后跟v—ing表示“介意……”。4.Mr.Wang，Ihavetrouble_______thetext．一Remember____itthreetimesatleast．A．tounderstand；reading Bunderstanding；readingCunderstanding；toread D．tounderstand；toreadatnight．[答案]C[解析]havetroubledoingsomething意为“做某事有困难”，所以答案在B与C中。remembertodosomething意为“记得(去)做某事”，rememberdoingsomething意为“记得做过某事”，由对话的语境可知，前者正确。5.--Howareyoufeelinghere?--It'squitehot.Idon'tknowtogoorstay.A.how B.when C.whether D.where[答案]：C。[解析]考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道是走还是留下来。”故选C。Manypeoplethinkit'sveryimportantuslearnEnglishwell.A.for,to B.to,toC.with,for[答案]：A。[解析]考查“主语+feel/think/make/find+it+adj.+forsb.+todosth.句中it为形式宾语，todo是真正的宾语，”故此题答案为A。7.Themenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican’tdecide__________.A.whattoeat B.howtoeat C.wheretoeat D.whentoeat[答案]：A。[解析]考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不能决定吃什么。”故选A。8．MydadboughtmeanewMP4,butIdon’tknow______________.Let’sreadtheinstructions.A.whattouse B.whichonetouse C.howtouseit D.whentouseit[答案]：C。[解析]考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道如何使用。”故选C。Ittookmydaughtertwoweeks_______thenovels_______byYandHongyingread;written B.toread;written C.reading;towrite D.toread;wrote[答案]：B。[解析]Ittakes+sb．+sometime+todosth．表示花费多长时间做某事，novel与write的关系是动宾关系，应用过去分词，表示被动。故答案为B。10.Driversarewarned________whentheyaretired.A.todrive B.notdrive C.nottodrive[答案]：C。[解析]考查动词不定式的否定结构。否定形式是在to前面加not。故选C。11.Ifyouwanttoknow_______themobilephone,you’dbetterreadtheinstructionsfirst.A.howtouse B.howtomake C.wheretomend D.wheretobuy[答案]：A。[解析]考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“如果你想要知道如何使用手机的话，你最好先看一看说明书。”故选A。12.Chinawillspendabout52billionyuan____newairportsand__oldonesinthewestofChinainthe11thFive-YearPlanperiod(时期)．A．repairing;building B.tobuild；repair C．building；repairing D．torepair；build[答案]C[解析]本题主要是考查动词spend的用法。spend．．．doingsomething意为“花费……做某事”，由此可排除B、D两项。再从句意上看，应是“修建”新机场，“维修”旧机场。studentsshouldpayattentionto___________theteacherinclass．A．hear B.1istentoC.listeningto D.hearingof[答案]C[解析]本题考查了介词后跟动词的情况。payattentionto意为“注意”，其中to是介词，所以后面的动词应使用动名词形式。hearof意为“听说”，与句意不符。3、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。1.Aliceaskedmeanotherbagforher.A.get B.got C.toget D.getting[答案]：C。[解析]asksb．todosth．表示让某人做某事，此句话的意思为:“爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”2.Ourparentsoftentellusnotaloneintheriverinsummer.A.swimB.toswimC.swimming[答案]：B。[解析]考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tellsb．todosth．表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根据题意，应选B。3.Whatdidyoursistersaytoyoulastnight?Sheaskedme_________myfatherhersecret.[]A.totellnot B.nottotell C.don’ttell D.nottell[答案]：B。[解析]tellsb．todosth．表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在to前面加not，根据题意，应选B。4.Bettyisoftenseen_______theoldmanwithhishousework.A.help B.tohelp C.helped D.helps[答案]：B。[解析]考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役动词和see,watch,notice,hear,listento，lookat，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。故选B。5.Timegoesbysofast.Wemustnevermissthechancetoshowloveforourparentsandmakethem__________howmuchtheymeantous.A.toknow B.knowingC.know[答案]：C。[解析]考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。makesb.dosth.表示“使某人……”，故选C。7.HowdoyoufeelwhenyouseethenationalflagofChina?Itmakesus________proud.A.feel B.tofeel C.felt D.feeling[答案]：A。[解析]考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役动词和see,watch,notice,hear,listento，lookat，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。故选A。4、考查非谓语动词用作定语—Shoppingwithme?—Sorry.Ihavealotofclothes.A．towash B．washed C．wash D．tobewashed[答案]:A[命题立意]：本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。[试题解析]：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选A。5、考查非谓语动词用作状语1.--Linda,Iamverythirsty.--Let'sgotothenearestsupermarketsomedrinks,OK?A.buy B.bought C.tobuy D.buying[答案]：C。[解析]考查不定式作目的状语的用法。句意为：“咱们去最近的超级市场买些饮料。”2.Inorder________thewordafriendlyplace,onemustshowafriendlyface.A.makes B.making C.tomake D.make[答案]：C。[解析]考查动词不定式作目的状语的特殊结构。inordertodosth.表示“为了……”的意思，不定式作目的状语。故选C。3.一Theregoesthebell．一It'stimeforclass.Let'sstop_________.A．talk Btotalk C．talking D．nottalk[答案]C[解析]动词stop后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即：stoptodosth，也可以接动词的一ing形式作定语，即：stopdoingsth。前者表示停下来(开始)做后面的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了，到了上课时间，应停止交谈”可知，应选C项。练习巩固：一、选择题。1.Thedoctorcame______oureyes.A.toexamineB.forexaminingC.astoexamineD.examining2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_______hard.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked3._______ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessaryA.CleaningB.CleanC.CleanedD.Toclean4._______isourduty______goodservicetocustomersA.That,togiveB.This,givingC.It,togiveD.It,giving5.Ittookyears______thehighrise.A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuildingC.tobuildD.building6.Theirwishis_____ahouseoftheirown.A.tohaveB.forhavingC.haveD.ofhaving7.Theteacheragreed_____us_____thetestpapershome.A.tolet,takeB.tolet,totakeC.letting,takeD.let,take8.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_______mehisbicycle.A.lendingB.lentC.tolendD.inlending9.Idon'tlike_______people_________abouttheirneighbours.A.hear,talkingB.tohear,talkingC.tohear,totalkD.hearing,talked10.Ihaven'tdecided________A.totakewhichtrainB.whichtotakeatrainC.whichtraintotakeD.whichtraintaken11.Youmustremember____meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.givingB.togiveC.gaveD.give12.ProfessorBrowntaughthisstudents______English,andhelearned______Chinesefromthem.A.howtospeak,speakingB.howtospeak,tospeakC.howspeaking,speakingD.howspeak,tospeak13.—Sorry,Iforgot_________youthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.—That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.A.tellingB.ItoldC.toldD.totell14.Iwonder_________himornot.A.ifinviteB.whethertoinviteCtoinviteD.iftoinvite15.Ihope_________yourself.A.youtomanageB.foryoutomanageC.youmanagingD.thatyoucanmanage16.—Wouldyoulike________youthewaythere?—It'skindofyou.Thankyou.meshowingB.thatIshowC.meshowD.metoshow17.Theoldmansaidthathe'dpreferaloneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.A.livingB.toliveC.thathelivesD.forhimtolive18.IknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow19.Sincenobodytoldher______,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedidB.todowhatC.whattodoD.whatshetodo20.Myauntshowedme_____.A.howtomakeadressB.howadressbemadeC.howmakingadressD.howadressmade21.Aftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried______moreexercises______.A.tofind,todoB.finding,todoC.tofind,shedidD.finding,done22.ThepolicemantoldSmith______afterdrinking.A.tonotdriveB.notdrivingC.notdriveD.nottodrive23.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake_____losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto24.Patshouldlove______littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totakeB.takingC.thathewouldtakeD.forhimtotake25.Weenjoyverymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran26.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot_______.turnitoffB.toturnitoffC.thatIturneditoffD.thatIshouldturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped_______underabigtree.A.restingB.torestC.restD.thattheywouldrest28.—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?—Notatall.A.thatyoutellmeB.tellingC.totellD.iftelling29.Hepromised______adoctorformyson.A.metogetB.thathegotmeC.megettingD.methathegot30.Fathertoldtheboy______thedogafewbonesafterdinner.A.thathegaveB.togiveC.givingD.gave.31._________thatmoneyforhiseducation,hisparentsworkedhardevenaftertheirday'swork.A.ForgettingB.GetC.SoastogetD.Inordertoget32.Ithinkyouare_________mealsyourself.A.enougholdtocookB.oldenoughtocookC.oldenoughforcookingD.enougholdcooking33.Themathsproblemis_________difficult_________.A.so,astoworkoutB.very,toworkoutC.too,toworkoutD.quite,workedout34.LastnightIwassotiredthatIfellasleepsoon.Ididn'thearhimin.A.comingB.cameC.tocomeD.come35.Haveyouanythingi