(完整版)外研版七年级下册英语语法专题复习(含练习)

下册重要知识点梳理语法知识点.词类：物主代词、情态动词can和方位介词短语.时态：一般将来时态和一般过去时态.句型：特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句词类1）物主代词：表示所属关系的代词（…属于谁的）人称单 数复 数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirTheirsherhersitsits形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系:形容词性物主代词：必须和名词在一起。 Myfather,yourteacher…物主代q名词性物主代词：相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词 +名词。Thisshirtismine.=Thisismyshirt.练习(1)选择题。( )1.Lookat.A.himB.heC.his( )2.Idrivetotheparkeveryday.A.theyB.theirC.them( )3.classroomisbig.A.weB.usC.Our( )4.Ilove.A.sheB.herC.hers( )5.Doyouknow?A.IB.myC.me( )6.Iamson.A.theyB.theirC.them( )7.Thisisnotdesk..Mydeskisoverthere.A.IB.myC.me( )8.—Canyouspellname,Harry?—Sorry.A.youB.yourC.yours( )9.TomandJackarebrothers.Thisisroom.A.theyB.themC.their( )10.Weareinthesameclass.classroomisverynice.A.ourB.myC.ours( )11.Mrs.Greenismyteacher.I'mstudent.A.heB.hisC.him( )12.That'isMimi.A.ItB.It'sC.Its(2)用括号里的代词的适当形式填空MrYangis(we)teacher.(him)isfromBeijing.(his)teaches(our)English.Look,thereisacat.(they)isLily's.(it)nameisMimi.Let(I)tell(she)about(he)lifeatschool.Thisis(they)room.Whereis(our)?Don'tusetheeraser.is(me).Theladyunderthetreeis(me)aunt.(her)oftensingswith(she)husband情态动词can.含义：表达人或物的能力，能或会….特点：情态动词can没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。.否定形式：cannot(正式用法)=can't(语).句型结构：肯定句： 主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他+oShe/Theycanswimwell.否定句：主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他+。She/Theycannotswimwell.一般疑问句： 情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他+?Canshe/theyswimwell?Yes,she/theycan./No,she/theycan't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他+?Whycanshe/theyswimwell?Whocanswimwell?练习：( )1)Thesignonthewallmeansyoustayawayfromthebuilding.A.must B.can't C.shouldn't( )2)Howmanybooksyouseeonthedesk?A.mayB.canC.should( )3)youseethesignoverthere?Sorry,Ican't.A.CanB.Can'tC.Should.Icanrunfast.Ifast.(否定句).Hecanplaybasketballwell.(一般疑问句)hebasketballwell?介词LinglingsitsbetweenTonyandDaming.玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间among在三者或三者以上之间MissLiisamonglotsofstudents.李老师在许多同学之间注意：介词短语常和be动词连用。时态一般将来时时间状语：in+一段时间；tomorrow；inthefuture;next+时间；this+时间(表示将来时间的状语)be(is,am.are)goingto的用法。含义：计划，打算做某事将来时句型结构：一般将来时begoingto+动词原形肯定句结构：主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他.否定句结构：主语+benotgoingto+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句：be动词提前Be+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+be.否定回答：No,主语+benot.注意：①表示计划到某地去，谓语动词go与going重复，一般只说begoingto+地点.②come/go/arrive/leave等表示位置转移的动词可用于现在进行表将来。Eg:IamgoingtoLondonnextyear.Sheisgoingtocheckheremail.Look!Thebusiscoming.(H)由shall和will引导的一般将来时含义：将会…特点：助动词shall和will没有人称和数的变化，之后要加动词原形。shall在一般将来时中，一般用于第一人称之后。例如：I/WeshallhaveanEnglishlesson.我们将有一节英语课。否定形式：shallnot=shan'twillnot=won't将来时句型结构：肯定句：主语+shall/will+do否定句：主语+shall/will+not+do(willnot可缩写成won'j)一般疑问句：shall/will+主语+do特殊疑问句：疑问词+shall/will+主语+do

一般过去时.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时问状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。.标志性时间状语：yesterday（昨天），lastweek（上周），lastmonth（上个月）,lastyear（去年）,twomonthsago（两个月前），thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），in1990（在1990年），inthosedays（在那些日子里）等表示过去的时问状语连用。.动词结构：V-ed动词过去式变化规则：.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如：pull-pulled,cook-cooked.结尾是e力口d,如：taste-tasted.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，冉力口-ed,如：stop-stopped.以辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,如：study-studied5.不规则动词过去式:lose（^A失5.不规则动词过去式:lose（^A失）—lostmake（制造）mademean（意思）meantmeet（见）metpay（付）paidsay（说）saidsell（卖）soldsend（送）sentsit（坐）satsleepf8）sleptsmell（嗅）smeltspell（拼写）speltspend（度过）spentstand（站）stoodteach（教）taughtwin（赢）wonthink（想）thoughtunderstand（理解）understoodbegin（开始）beganblow（吹）blewbreak（打破）brokechoose他择）chosedo（做）diddraw（画）drewdrink（喝）drankdrive（驾驶）droveeat（吃）atefall（落下）fellfly（飞）flew

forget（忘）forgotgive（给）gavego（去）wentgrow（成长）grewknow（知道）knewlie（身自）—lay—lainring（按铃）rangwrite（写）wroteride（当$）rodesee后见）sawshow（出示）showed4.句式变化规则：Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:wake（弄醒）wokesing（唱）sangspeak（讲话）spokesteal（偷）wake（弄醒）wokesing（唱）sangspeak（讲话）spokesteal（偷）stolewear（穿）woreswim（泳）swamtake（拿）tookthrow（扔）threwbecome（成为）becamecome（来）camerun（跑）ranare在——般过去时中变为were。(werenot=weren't)(3)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is,am,are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子否定旬：didn't+动词原形，如：Jimwenthomeyesterday.Jimdidn'tgohomeyesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Jimwenthomeyesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jimwenthome_yesterday.DidJimgohomeyesterday?WhatdidJimdoyesterday?练习：一、填空我打算明天和朋友去野炊。Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.Ihaveapicnicwithmyfriends.下个星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打篮球。What nextMonday?Iplaybasketball.WhatyoudonextMonday?Iplaybasketball.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.(改否定)Nancygoingtogocamping.I'llgoandjointhem(.改否定)Igojointhem.I'mgoingtogetupat6:30morrow.(改一般疑问句)togetupat6:30tomorrow?Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.(改一般疑问句)meetatthebusstopat10:30.二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。.Tom(visit)afarmlastweek.Thetwins(water)theflowersinthegardenyesterdaymorning.I(watch)afilmwithmyfriendlastFriday.Myfather(be)inLondonlastyear.What(do)youdothreedaysago?(be)thereanyparksherein1950?What(do)youdojustnow?I(wash)myclothes.三、收写句子|Weareallhappy.（改成一般过去时）Weallhappy.Ivisitmygrandparentseveryweek.(用lastweek代替everyweek)Thereweresomezebrasinthezoolastyear.(改为——般疑问句并作肯定回答)四、用所给词的适当形式填空。I.Todayisasunnyday.We(have)apicnicthisafternoon.Mybrother(go)toShanghainextweek.Tomoften(go)toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He(go)toschoolbybike.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually(watch)TVand(catch)insects?It'sFridaytoday.What曲(do)thisweekend? She(watch)TVand(catch)insects.What(do)youdolastSunday?I(pick)applesonafarm. What(do)nextSunday?I(milk)cows.Mary(visit)hergrandparentstomorrow.David(give)apuppetshownextMonday.I(plan)formystudynow.句型1）特殊疑问句。含义：以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。特殊疑问词总结：①what什么（职业，姓名等）whatday星期几Whatdayisittoday?whatsize多大尺码Whatsizeareyourshoes?whattime=when什么时间whatcolour什么颜色whatsize多大号②when什么时候（就时间提问）where什么地方（就地点提问）who谁（问人的身份，姓名等）which哪一个why为什么（就原因提问，常用because回答）how怎么样howmany多少（提问可数名词数量） Howmanybooksdoyouhave?/多少（提问不可数名词数量）Howmuchwateristhereintheglass?Howmuch.：I多少钱（提问价格）Howold几岁（提问年龄）1多长（提问长度）Howlongisthisruler?Howlongy 这把尺子有多长？匚多长时间（时间持续多久） Howlongdoyougotoschool?你去学校要多长时间？Howoften多久（提问频率既单位时间发生多少次）Howsoon（还要多久时间才能开始或结束） Howsoonwillhecomeback?Howfar （提问距离有多远） 他多久才能回来？Howheavy（提问有多重）句型结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？Eg:WhydoyoulikewatchingTV?练习：就划线部分提问。Heoftenhaslunchinthefactory.heoftenlunch?Theywillcomebackinamonth.willtheycomeback?HehurthisleglastSunday.hehurthisleg?Igotupatsjxthismorningyouupthismorning?TheyweredrawingahorsewhenIcamein.theywhenIcamein?Ididn'tgotoschoolbecauseIhadabadcold.yougotoschool?You'dbettertaketheNo.3bus.busIbettertake?He'sfeelingwell.hefeeling?Thegirlinaredcoatismysister.isyoursister?HecomestoChinaonceayear.hetoChina?Hegoestoseehisgrandma（twiceaweek）.的括号部分提问） ?Myfathergoestoworkbycar.（改为特殊疑问句） ?Ittake（15minutes）foraferrytocrosstheriver.（对括号部分提问） ?Youcandial（110）tocallthepolice.（对括号部分提问）canyoudialtocallthepoliceTedputhisbaginthedesk.（改为特殊疑问句）Tedinthedesk?Thestudents（wentcamping）lastweek.（对括号部分提问） ?Diogenescamefrom(Greece).(M括号部分提问)Diogenes?Thewaytokeepfitis(toeatfoodandtakemornexercise).(对括号部分提问)thewayto?2)祈使旬祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。定的祈使句(1)动词原形+其他Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.请起立。Be+adj.Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!小心/当心！Let's+动词原形Let'sgotoschooltogether.咱们——起上学去吧。2.否定的祈使句：有be动词直