欧美文学名篇选读

作家一1、GeoffreyChaucer:the“fatherofEnglishpoetry”Hiscontributions:ForerunnerofHumanism2.ThefounderofEnglishRealism3.FatherofEnglishpoetry(calledbyJohnDryden)4.MasteroftheEnglishlanguageMainworks:ThebookoftheDuchess(1386?)TheparliamentofFowls(1380)TheHouseofFame(1374-1384)TroilusandCriseyde(1380-1385)TheCanterburyTales(1386-1400)TheLegendofGoodWomen(1385)Artisticfeatures:heroiccoupletmusical,elegant,satiricalandhumorousGeneralCommentsonTheCanterburyTalespanoramaofhiscontemporarysocietytrue-to-lifecharacterssamplesofdifferenttypesofliterature2、诗韵：双行诗英雄体押aabb式韵典型的抑扬格五音步体名词解释1、HeroicCouplet(英雄双韵体)口Heroiccoupletreferstoiambicpentameterlinesrhymedinpairs.TheRhymeschemeisaa,bb,cc,dd,andsoon.ItisnamedfromitsusebyJohnDrydenandothersintheheroicdramaofthelate17thcentury.ItwasestablishedearlierbyChaucerasamajorEnglishverse-formfornarrativepoetry,anddominatedEnglishpoetryofthe18thcentury.Itiscalled“heroic”becauseinEngland,itisusuallyusedinheroicpoems.口英雄双韵体指的是抑扬格五音部诗两行都押韵的。这个押韵的组合是aabbcc……口它的名字来源于它的使用被……，和其他的在英雄戏剧的是17世纪早些时候的。口它被早期创立是乔搜，作为主要的英语诗歌，for，叙事诗和支配的英语诗歌，of，18世纪。它被称为“heoric”，因为在英国，它多被使用于英雄诗歌中。名词解释2、TheRenaissance文艺复兴时期口The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupoffeudalrelationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsofcapitalism.口Newsocialandeconomicconditionsbroughtaboutgreatchangesinthedevelopmentofscienceandart.口TogetherwiththedevelopmentofbourgeoisrelationshipsandformationoftheEnglishnationalstatethisperiodismarkedbyaflourishingofnationalcultureknownastheRenaissance,(这三段应该不要背)口ThetermRenaissanceoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassical(RomanandGreek)artsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism.Indeed,agreatnumberoftheworksofclassicalauthorsweretranslatedintoEnglishduringthe16thcentury.Thestudyandpropagationofclassicallearningandartwascarriedonbytheprogressivethinkersofthehumanists.Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiastical(教会)knowledge,butinman,that’stosay,ThemostsignificantideaoftheRenaissanceishumanism.Theypaycloseattentiontotheirenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipation(解放)ofmanfromthetyrannyofthechurchandreligiousdogmas.教义口文艺复兴时期最初表明(originallyindicated),arevivalof古典艺术和科学，在黑暗的年代之后。Indeed，大量的古典作家的作品被翻译成英文，during16世纪。口Thestudyandpropagationof古典的学习和艺术被传播，by进步的思想家of人文主义者。他们把主要的兴趣集中在，也就是说他们payattentiontoemancipationofman.Twofeaturesofrenaissance:Itisathirstingcuriosityfortheclassicalliterature.PeoplelearnedtoadmiretheGreekandLatinworksasmodelsofliteraryform.Itisthekeeninterestintheactivitiesofhumanity.名词解释3、Humanism人本主义Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.Itreflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass.Humanistsemphasizethedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlifeandbelievethatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandtoperformwondersbyremovingalltheexternalchecksbytheexerciseofreason.Theyalsoexpressedtheirrebelliousspiritagainstthetyrannyoffeudalruleandecclesiasticaldomination.人文主义是Key-noteoftheRenaissance.人文主义者强调(emphasize)人类的尊严(dignity)，现在生活的重要性。相信人类不仅有享受生活美好的权利，还有使自己更完美和创造奇迹的能力。他们还表达了他们的rebelliousspirit反对封建统治(feudal)。作家二WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616):thegreatestofallEnglishauthorsmainworksRomeoandJuliet,1595TheMerchantofVenice,1596HenryIV,partI,1597TwelfthNight,1600Hamlet,1601Othello,1604KingLear,1605Macbeth,160637个剧本，154首十四行诗和2首长诗His4greatcomediesAMidsummerNight‘sDreamTheMerchantofVenice，AsYouLikeItTwelfthNightHis4greattragediesHamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth文学赏析一Hamlet(Act3,Scene1,lines55-86)HowdoyouthinkofHamlet,whafshispersonalities?Indecisivegloomyresponsible...AppreciationThispassageisselectedfromAct3,Scene1inHamlet,atragedywrittenbyWilliamShakespeare.Thisfamoussoliloquypresentsanimageofaweak,meditativeandmelancholicHamlet.InthepreviousAct,Hamlethadlearnedaboutthecrimeofhisunclefromtheghost.However,duetohissuspicionoftheghostandhisloveforhismother,hedecidedtoperformaplaytocheckwhetherhisunclewasarealmurderer.AfterHamletlearnsaboutthetruthofhisfather’sdeath,hehasbeentormentedbyhisfather’sdeathandhismother’shastymarriage,buthedoesn’tknowhowtotakerevengeeffectively.Therefore,hethinksofendingsuchtroublesandpainsbysuicide.However,thinkingoftheunknownworldafterdeath,Hamlethesitates.InhismonologueinAct3,Hamletexpressedhisviewontheissueofdeathandliving.Hamletisaskingwhichismorepreferable,tosufferinone’sownmindortakeastandagainstthetroubles.Herealizesthatthesituationheisinnowisforcinghishandtoact一heeithermustremainquietandforgetallthathappened,ormustworktoexposeandkillhisuncle.Hamlefsdilemmaisthepainoflifethathemustendureortheuncertaintyofdeath.WeseethatHamletisdissatisfiedwithlifeandlistsmanythingsthattroublehimbutheisnotsurewhatdeathwillbringhim.Heisthinkingthattheexperienceofdeathitselfmaybeworsethanlifeitself.Hamletknowsthatthechurchforbidssuicidebecauseyoursoulwillbeineternaldamnation.ForHamlet,deathisanundiscoveredcountrywherenotravelerreturns.In__C,Shakespearehasnotonlymadeaprofoundanalysisofthesocialcrisisinwhichtheevilscanbeseeneverywhere,butalsocriticizedthebourgeoisegoism.HamletOthelloKingLearMacbethThesentence"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?"isthebeginninglineofoneofShakespeare'sC.comediestragediessonnetshistoriesManypeopletodaytendtoregardtheplay“TheMerchantofVenice”asasatireofthehypocrisyofandtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainst.AChristians/JewsJews/Christiansoppressors/oppressedpeople/Jews作家三JohnMilton(1608-1674)ThegreatEnglishpoet革命诗人誉为思想上的伟人Mainworks:Lycidas(1637),ParadiseLost(1667)ParadiseRegained(1671)Buthewasthemostsuccessfulintheuseofblankverse,andheistheforerunnertointroduceblankverseintonon-dramaticpoetryTheFormofParadiseLost:blankverse(无韵诗)ThethemeofParadiseLost:“tojustifythewaysofGodtoman”(submissiontotheAlmighty)Discussion:Isthistherealthemeofthepoem?Realtheme:praisingtherebelliousspiritsagainstthedespotMilton’sparadiseLosttookitsmaterialfrom.AtheBibleGreekmythRomanmythFrenchromanceAmongthethreemajorpoeticalworksbyJohnMilton,A__isthemostperfectexampleofversedrama(叙事诗歌，诗剧)aftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.SamsonAgonistesB.ParadiseLostC.ParadiseRegainedD.AreopagiticaJohnMilton’sgreatestpoeticalworkBistheonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.AreopagiticaB.ParadiseLostC.LycidasD.SamsonAgonistes名词解释4、Enlightenment启蒙运动TheEnlightenmentwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementthroughoutWesternEuropeinthe18thcentury.Itwasanexpressionofstruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.Theenlightenersfoughtagainstclassinequality,stagnation停滞,prejudicesandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.TheyattemptedtoplaceallbranchesofscienceattheseiMceofmankindbyconnedingthemwiththeactualdeedsandrequirementsofthepeople.启蒙运动是anexpressionof进步阶层对封建主义(feudalism)的斗争。启蒙运动者与阶级(class)不平等、偏见，以及其他封建主义的残留作斗争。他们尝试把allbranchesofscience都与实际deed和人们的要求结合起来。作家五DanielDefore(1660-1731)Mainworks：TheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe(1719)“thefatherofEnglishnovels”.CaptainSingleton(1720)MollFlanders(1722)AJournalofthePlagueYear(1722)Roxana(1724)WhatareRobinsonCrusoe’straitsofcharacter?CourageousWarm-heartedSpritofadventurePerseveringoptimisticCheerfulAmbitiousHard-workingIrresponsibleTheroleofRobinsonCrusoe:Friday作家六WilliamBlake(1757-1827)Mainworks:PoeticalSketches,1783SongsofInnocence,1789TheBookofThel,1789TheMarriageofHeavenandHell,1790VisionsoftheDaughtersofAlbion,1793TheSongsofExperience(1794)TheSongofLos,1795文学赏析二TheLamb天真之歌ThispassageisselectedfromWilliamBlake’spoem“TheLamb”,whichisincludedinSongsofInnocence.Inthefirststanza,byaskingthequestion,“LittleLamb,whomadethee”，thepoetremindsthereadersofthecreationoftheworld,thusremindsusoftheimageofGodwhoisthecreatorofallthingsintheworld.Then,thepoetgivesadescriptionofthelittle,gentle,andinnocentlamb.Thisisnotonlyapraiseforthegentle,innocentcreature,butalsothepraisefortheGod’skindnessincreation.Inthesecondstanza,thepoetanswersthequestionhimself.TheLambisasymbolforJesusChrist,theSonofGod.Byusingsymboliclanguage,thepoetcomparesJesustoalambandachild,becauseinChristianity,Jesusiscomparedbothtoalambgoingtothesacrificeandtoashepherdwhoprotectshisflockoflambsandsheep,andBible’sdepictionofJesusinhischildhoodshowshimasguileless正直的andvulnerable.易受伤害的作家七RobertBurns(1759-1796)ThegreatestofScottishpoetsMainworks:Poems,ChieflyintheScottishDialect(1786)TheTreeofLiberty(1794)Scots,WhaHoe(1793)HolyWillie’sPrayer,1785)TheTwaDogs(1786)MyHearfsintheHighlandsARed,RedRose(1794)JohnAnderson,MyJo(1796)AuldLangSyne(1788)文学赏析三ARed,RedRoseAppreciationThepassageisselectedfromARed,RedRose,alovelyricwrittenbyRobertBurns.Inthefirststanza,thespeakerpresentsthebeautyofhislovebyusingtwosimiles,thefirstcomparinghislovetoaroseandthesecondcomparinghislovetoamelody.Thespeakeralsousesrepetitiontoechohissentiments--myluve’slikeinlines1and3;thafsnewlyandthafssweetlyinlines2and4.Inthesecondstanza,thespeakeraddressestheyoungladyasbonnie(pretty).BonnieisderivedfromtheFrenchwordbon(good).Inthelastlineofthestanza,a’meansallandgangmeansgo.Thislineisafigureofspeechthatexaggerates.Inthethirdstanza,thespeakerlinksthefirstlineofthethirdstanzawiththelastlineofthesecondstanzabyrepetition.Thespeakercontinueshyperboleinthesecondandfourthlines.Healsoagainreliesonrepetitioninthethirdlinebyrepeatingthethirdlineofthesecondstanza.Inthelaststanza,thespeakeragainaddresseshisbeloved,notingthatthoughhemustleaveherforawhilehewillreturnforherevenifhemusttraveltenthousandmiles.Fare-thee-weelmeansfaretheewell.名词解释5、RomanticismEnglishRomanticismisarevoltoftheEnglishimaginationagainsttheneoclassicalreason.TheFrenchRevolutionof1789-1794andtheEnglishIndustrialRevolutionexertgreatinfluenceonEnglishRomanticism.Theromanticistsexpressanegativeattitudetowardstheexistingsocialorpoliticalconditions.Theyplacetheindividualatthecenterofart,ascanbeseenfromLordByron’sByronicHero.ThekeywordsofEnglishRomanticismarenatureandimagination.Sincerity,spontaneity,andoriginalitybecamethenewstandardsinliterature,replacingtheimitationofclassicalmodelsfavoredbythe18thcenturyneo-classicism.英语浪漫主义是arevoltof英语想象力对抗新古典主义。法国大革命和英国工业革命exert大的作用on英语浪漫主义。浪漫主义者表达否定观点对existing社会和政治conditiono他们把个体(individual)放到艺术的中心。英语浪漫主义的关键词是自然和想象力。EnglishRomanticismbeginsin1798withthepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’TheLyricalBalladsandendsin1832withWalterScotfsdeath.(起源)Theromanticperiodisanageofpoetry.WordsworthandColeridgearethemostrepresentativewriters.Theyexplorenewtheoriesandinnovatenewtechniquesinversification.Theybelievethatpoetrycouldpurifyindividualsoulsandsociety.OverviewofRomanticliterature1.EnglishRomanticismbeginsin1798withthepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’sTheLyricalBalladsandendsin1832withWalterScott’sdeath.WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsalsobelongtothisliterarygenre,thoughtheylivepriortotheRomanticperiod.2.Theromanticperiodisanageofpoetry.WordsworthandColeridgearethemostrepresentativewriters.Theyexplorenewtheoriesandinnovatenewtechniquesinversification作诗.Theybelievethatpoetrycouldpurifyindividualsoulsandsociety.WilliamWordsworth,aromanticpoet,advocatedallthefollowingEXCEPT__D_.theuseofeverydaylanguagespokenbythecommonpeopletheexpressionofthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelingstheuseofhumbleandrusticlifeassubjectmattertheuseofelegantwordingandinflated言过其实的，夸张的figuresofspeech2Thepublicationof___C___markedthebeginningofRomanticAge.DonJuan(Byron)theRimeoftheAncientMariner(Coleridge)TheLyricalBalladsQueenMab(Shelley)AllofthefollowingpoemsbyWilliamWordswortharemasterpiecesonnatureEXCEPTD___.A.IWanderedLonelyasaCloudB.AnEveningWalkC.TinterAbbey丁登寺D.TheSolitaryReaper作家八WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)Featuresofhispoems.ThemeAconstantthemeofhispoetrywasthegrowthofthehumanspiritthroughthenaturaldescriptionwithexpressionsofinwardstatesofmind.Characteristicsofstyle.Hispoemsarecharacterizedbyasympathywiththepoor,simplepeasants,andapassionateloveofnature.Mainworks:LyricalBallads（抒情歌谣集）（英国浪漫主义的宣言）LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey,1798（丁登寺杂咏）TheSolitaryReaper,1805（孤独的收割女）Ode:IntimationsofImmortality1807（不朽颂）Lucypoems,1799（露茜）ThePrelude,1798-1839（序曲）In1843,hewasrewarded“PoetLaureate”LakePoets:湖畔派诗人SamuelTaylorColeridge（与WilliamWordsworth:对下等人的同情、对自然的热爱）RobertSoutheyWilliamWordsworth作家九GeorgeGordonByron（1788-1824）—-shewalksinbeauty（2）Works.DonJuan唐璜WhenWeTwoParted昔日依依惜别SheWalksinBeauty她走在美的光彩中名词解释6、ByronicHeroByronicHeroes,theproud,mysteriousrebelfiguresofnobleorigin,refertothemenexemplifiedinthewritingsofLordByron.Withfierypassionsandunbendingwill,theheroesexpressthepoefsownidealoffreedom.Theseheroesriseagainsttyrannyandinjustice,buttheyaremerelylonelyfightersstrikingforpersonalfreedomandsomeindividualisticpurposes.拜伦式英雄，骄傲的，rebelfiguresof贵族血统，referto男人exemplified在拜伦文章中的。伴随着fierypassion和坚定地意志，这些英雄表达了诗人自己对自由的见解。这些英雄仅仅是单一（single）的person，他们为自己的自由和其他purpose而奋斗。Byron’spoeticstyle：loose,fluentandvivid文学赏析四shewalksinbeautyAppreciation:Thispassageisselectedfrom“SheWalksinBeauty”,alovelyricwrittenbyGeorgeGordonByron.Inthefirststanza,Byroncomparesthebeautyto“cloudlessclimes”and“starryskies”，thusthiskindofhumanbeautyandnaturalbeautymergetogether.Thenheexpressesherbeautyof“aspect”and“eyes”byusingmetaphorandcomparisontoemphasisherbeautyfurther.Inthesecondstanza,Byroncontinuestofocusonthemeaningofbeautyandextendsit.First,hepointsouttheglowofthelady’sfaceisnearlyperfect.Theshadesandraysareinsimplytherightproportion,andtheladypossessesanunidentifiedgrace.Thenwhendescribingthebeautyofher“tress”and“face”，heusesvividwords（“waves”and“lightens”）tochangetheabstractbeautyintoconcreteimages.Inthethirdstanza,Byrondescribesherbeautyfromheroutsideintoherinner-world.Thissentence“Sosoft,socalm,yeteloquent”vividlyshowsthetendernessandquietnessofthelady.“Eloquent”expressesthatalthoughtheladyisquietandtender;everyemotionsofheraredescribedthroughthespeechlessexpression.Thefirstfourlinesdescribeheroutsidebeauty.Thelasttwolinesshowherinnerbeauty.Sheisnotonlybeautiful,butalsotrueandkind.Themergeofbothoutsidebeautyandinnerbeautypersonifiestheidealisticbeauty.作家十PercyByssheShelley(1792-1822)“MadShelley”MainworksQueenMab,1813TheRevoltofIslam,1817PrometheusUnbound,1819TheCenci,1819Adonais,1821Englandin1819,1819OdetotheWestWind,1819Characteristicsofpoems:pursuitofabettersociety;.beauty;.superbartistry:imagination.“IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind!”isanepigrammatic警句式的lineby_D_.J.KeatsB.W.BlakeC.W.WordsworthD.P.B.ShelleyWhichisShelley’smasterpiece?BQueenMabPrometheusUnboundPrometheusBoundTheRevoltofIslam文学赏析五OdetotheWestWindAppreciation:Thethemeof“OdetotheWestWind”ThisisoneofShelley’sbestknownlyrics.Thepoetdescribesvividlytheactivitiesofthewestwindontheearth,intheskyandontheseaandthenexpresseshisenvyfortheboundlessfreedomofthewestwindandhiswishtobefreelikeitandtoscatterhiswordsamongmankind.Thecelebratedfinallineofthepoem,“Ifwintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?”hasoftenbeencitedtoillustrateShelley’soptimisticbeliefinthefutureofmankind.WhatdoestheWestWindgenerallysymbolizeinthepoem?TheembodimentofrevolutionaryspiritDestroyersoftheoldworldCreatorofthenewworld作家^一JohnKeats(1795-1821)MainworksOdetoaNightingale,1819OdeonaGrecianUrn,1819ToAutumn,1819OdeonMelancholy,1819OdetoPsyche,1820Isabella,1820Lamia,1820TheEveofSt.Agnes,1820Hyperion,1820作家十二EmilyDickinson(1830—1886)Mainworks:Tomakeaprairie...I’mnobodySuccessTheartisticfeaturesofDickinson’poemsa.Thepoemsareshort,manyofthembasedonasingleimageorsymbol.HerpositionintheWorldofLiteratureEmilyDickinsoncreatedmorethan1800poems,whichmadeheroneofthetwogreatestpoetsinthe19thcenturyAmericanliterature,theotherisWaltWhitman.2.Sheisapioneerof20thcenturymodernism.EmilyDickinsonwrotemanyshortpoemsonvariousaspectsoflife.WhichofthefollowingisNOTausualsubjectofherpoeticexpression?DDefeatandpain.Natureanddeath.Loveandpassion.Warandpeace.I'mnobody!—ByEmilyDickinsonI'mnobody!Whoareyou?Areyounobody,too?Thenthere'sapairofus--don'ttell!They'dbanishus,youknow!Howdrearytobesomebody!Howpublic,likeafrogTotellyournamethelivelongdayToanadmiringbog!19世纪美国最伟大的两位诗人作家十三WaltWhitman(1819-1892)“poetofthebody”Mainworks:LeavesofGrassOne’sSelfISingMajorthemes:a.democracyb.bodyc.landd.cultureHedevisedthepoeticstylenowbeencalledasFreeVerse(thatis,poetrywithoutafixedbeat节才白orregularrhymescheme.)WaltWhitmanwasapioneeringfigureofAmericanpoetry.HisinnovationfirstofallliesinhisuseofC—,poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme.blankverseheroiccoupletfreeverseiambicpentameterWaltWhitmanbelieved,bymeansof"A,”hehasturnedpoetryintoanopenfield,anareaofvitalpossibilitywherethereadercanallowhisownimaginationtoplay.freeversestrictverseregularrhymingstandardizedrhymingThethemesofWhitWhitman’spoemsincludethefollowingexceptD—.democracyB）thecultureC）thelandD）therace作家十四JaneAustenMainworks:SenseandSensibility（《理性与感性》）PrideandPrejudice（《傲慢与偏见》）MansfieldPark（《曼斯菲尔德庄园》）Emma（《爱玛》）NorthangerAbbey（《诺桑觉寺》）Persuasion（《劝导》）thePrideandPrejudice主要人物Mr.DarcyTheBingleysTheBennetsFiveDaughtersMissElizabethMrsBennet名词解释7、CriticalrealismInVictorianperiodappearedanewliterarytrendcalledcriticalrealism.Englishcriticalrealismofthe19thcenturyflourishedinthe40sandintheearly50s.Itfounditsexpressionintheformofnovel.Thecriticalrealists,mostofwhomwerenovelists,describedwithmuchvividnessandartisticskillthechieftraitsoftheEnglishsocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.一二段的文本分析ThisparagraphistakenfromJaneAustin'snovel“PrideandPrejudice".It'sconsideredthemostfamousironicalstatement.Ithassomesubtleandunstatedmeaningfromdifferentaspects.Firstly,theauthorusesironyinthefirstparagraph.Infact,thisisonlyatruthacknowledgedbyafewfamiliesintheneighbourhoodofLongbourn.Secondly,initsdeclarationthatawealthybachelormustbelookingforawife,ithidesjustbeneathitssurfacetherealtruth:Asinglewoman,especiallytheonenotinpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawealthyhusband.Thirdly,itisimpliedthatthemainsubjectofthenovelwillbecourtshipandmarriage.Fourthly,ittellsusthenovelisaboutthesocialbackgroundofthe18centuryperiod.Fifthly,theauthorhasestablishedthehumoroustoneofthenovel.Andlastly,inthefollowingparagraph,theauthoralsousesmildsatiretosatirizethevanityofthegirlswhoarelongingtomarryarichguy.Austen'sWritingStyleAfineengravingmadeuponalittlepieceofivoryf两寸牙雕”）Therationalismofneoclassicism新古典主义ThevarietyofromanticismThefruitfully/detaileddescriptionofrealismCharacteristicsofherWorks1.JaneAustenisoneoftherealisticnovelists.Shedrewvividandrealisticpicturesofeverydaylifeofthecountrysocietyinhernovels.2.JaneAusten'smainconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelations：humanbeingswiththeirfamiliesandneighbors.Storiesofloveandmarriageprovidetheframeworkforallhernovelsandinthemwomenarealwaystakenasthemajorcharacters.3JaneAustenisawriterwhoregardsnovelwritingasasophisticated意义深奥的art.JaneAustenissuccessfulintheemploymentofironyandfrequentuseofwittyanddelightfuldialogues.作家十五CharlesDickensMainworks:OliverTwist雾都孤儿ATaleofTwoCities双城记GreatExpectations远大前程HardTimes艰难时世PickwickPapers匹克威克外传TheOldCuriosityShop老古玩店BleakHouse荒凉山庄DombeyandSon董贝父子DavidCopperfield大卫•科波菲尔德LittleDorrit小杜丽Featuresofhisworksa.charactersketchesandexaggerationb.broadhumorandpenetratingsatirecomplicatedandfascinatingplotd.thepowerofexposure.GreatExpectationsStory以下是人物名称Pip,JoeGargeryMissHavishamEstellaMagwitchBiddya.作家十六NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)(桑AmericanGreatestRomanticNovelistMainworksTwice-ToldTales《故事新编》MosesfromanOldManse《古屋青苔》(1846)TheScarletLetter《红字》(1850)TheHouseofSevenGables《七个尖角阁的房子》(1851)TheBlithedaleRomance《福谷传奇》(1852)TheMarbleFaun《大理石神像》(1860)TheSca