精讲初中英语句子成分最终版课件

1(一)句子成分PartsoftheSentence.,1(一)句子成分.,2句子成分的概念：组成句子的各个部分就叫句子成分。英语基本句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。.,2句子成分的概念：.,3句子成份:★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补定·状·.,3句子成份:★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subj4Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

Predicate/(Verb)主宾表补定状谓.,4Membersofsentence:主宾表补定状谓.5一、主语（subject）

主语是谓语讲述的对象，是句子的主体。表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。

.,5一、主语（subject）.,61

Theroomisveryclean.2We

oftenspeakEnglish.3Eightismyluckynumber.4

ToteachthemEnglish

ismyjob.5Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.6Whatweneedisfood.7Thepoorareeverywhereinsomecountries.8在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。

Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.

Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.理解记忆(名词)(代词)(数词)(动词不定式)(动名词)(句子)(the+形容词).,61

Theroomisveryclean.找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Totalkwithyouisagreatpleasure3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.4.Theyareourgoodfriends.5.Whathesaidwasright.6.EightisaluckynumberinChina.7.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou..,7找出下面句子的主语.,78

单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They.,8单选：.,9二、谓语（predicate）谓语是用来说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。常置于主语后。谓语由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态和不同的语态，它是句子的核心。.,9二、谓语（predicate）.,10Heisverygenerous.ShelooksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman..,10Heisverygenerous..,11谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?

简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成.,11谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的12Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearesudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!

复合谓语1.情态动词+动词原形2.其他助动词+动词某种形式3.系动词+形容词.,12Youmaykeepthebookfortw

常见情态动词：

can/could能，可以，可能may/might可以，可能need需要must必须，务必will/would表意愿should应该haveto不得不

+动词原形作谓语.,13

常见情态动词：

can/could能，可以，可能系动词分类：一be动词类：am,is,are,was,were

二感官动词类:

look,sound,smell,taste,feel,三表示变化类:become,

get,

turn,grow,go

四表示延续性的动词:remain,stay,keep

五

似乎，好像:seem,appear.,14系动词分类：.,1415Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Don’tlaughatothers!Don’tcomebacklatetonight.主意祈使句中的谓语部分：1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形.,15Openthedoor,please!.,16找出下列句子的谓语1.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.2.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.3.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?4.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?5.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.6.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!.,16找出下列句子的谓语1.Idon'tlike17按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you.,17按要求找出下列句子的主谓：主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you181.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finish B.finishingC.tofinish D.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是……的形式主语真正的主语tofinish.,181.Itisdifficultforme__193.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语感官动词+adj..,193.__upearly,oryouwill20三、表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，它一般位于系动词之后，构成主系表结构，说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。表语可以由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。.,20三、表语(predicative).,常见的系动词：1.表状态：be2.表感官：look,sound,smell,taste,feel3.表变化：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,fall4.表持续,保持：keep,remain,stay5.表似乎,像：seem，appear.,21常见的系动词：1.表状态：be.,21221.Myfatherisateacher.（名词）2.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.（形容词）3.Iamten.

（数词）4.Everyoneishere.（副词）5.Theyareatthetheatre.（介词短语）6.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.（不定式）7.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.（从句）理解记忆.,221.Myfatherisateacher.（找出下列句子的表语1.Wearethemasterofourfuture.2.Theoldmanfeltverysad.3.Ourcountrywillbecomestronger4.Myfatherkeptsilent.5.Yourwordsseemedright.6.Thedrinktastesquitewonderful.7.Inspringthetreesturngreen.8.Theboyisveryclever.9.Nooneremainsyoungforever.10.Thegirlhasbecomeskillful..,23找出下列句子的表语1.Wearethemaster24四、宾语（object）宾语表示动作所涉及的对象，内容或承受者。宾语

宾语由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当。动词+宾语（readbook）介词+宾语(Thebookisgoodforus.).,24四、宾语（object）动词+宾语（readboo25

动宾:表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.

Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ihopetoseeyouagain.

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?介宾：介词后面的宾语Heisafraidofher--hisheadteacher.

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.注意：人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith_______.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she.,25动宾:表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。261.Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.(名词)2.Heoftenhelpsme.（代词）3.Helikestosleepintheopenair.（不定式）4.TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.（现在分词）5.Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.（宾语从句）理解记忆.,261.Heneverforgivesothers27Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.双宾结构：间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)接双宾结构的动词有：give,offer,lend,send,pass,show,bring,take,sell,write,buy,fetch,find,get,makeIthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式注意以下情况：.,27Hegavemeabookyesterday.找出下列句子的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.3.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?4.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.5.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill..,28找出下列句子的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn’t29直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：We

brought

them

somefood.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。

.,29直接宾语和间接宾语.,30五、宾语的补足语（objectcomplement）

英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.

.,30五、宾语的补足语（objectcomplement）.311.Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.2.Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.3.WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.4.Makeyourselfathome.5.Isawagirlgointothebuilding.6.Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.7.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.8.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.理解记忆（名词）（形容词）（副词）（介词短语）（省略to的不定式）（带to的不定式）（现在分词）（过去分词）.,311.Ifyouletmego,I’llmak32在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：▲“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。

WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan’tleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?.,32在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：.,33▲“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如：

Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：

Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain..,33▲“宾语+副词”。.,34“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：

A要求带to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim.

B要求不带to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等

Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom.

C单词help后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother(to)dohousework.▲“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。

Isawthemplayingontheplayground.IheardMarysingingintheclassroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。

Ihadmybikestolen.Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood..,34“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：.,35

▲形式宾语＋形容词WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday.▲宾语+what从句Callmewhatyoulike.Mr.Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday.Themountainvillageisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago..,35▲形式宾语＋形容词.,找出句子中的宾语补足语1.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.2.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.3.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.4.TheycallmeLilysometimes.5.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus..,36找出句子中的宾语补足语1.Shelikesthech371.Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

找出下列句子的宾语.,371.Mybrotherhasn’tdoneh385.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime..,385.Someofthestudentsinth39六、定语（attributive）

定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。

.,39六、定语（attributive）.,401.Theblackbikeismine.2.What’syourname?3.Theymadesomepaperflowers.4.TheboysintheroomareinClassThree.5.Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.6.ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.理解记忆形容词作定语名词作定语代词作定语介词短语作定语不定式作定语定语从句.,401.Theblackbikeismine.理解41

在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称“后置定语”。▲

修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定语必须后置。如：

We’llgotohavesomethingEnglish.Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?

▲介词短语作定语时要后置。如：

Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?

Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends.Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright..,41在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词42▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink?IhavenotimetotraveltoChinaisinAutumnorinSpring.▲nearby,below,downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。Weareatthetopofthehill.Canyouseethevillagebelow?Thepeopledownstairsarelisteningtoatalknow?Theytooktheboytothehospitalnearbyatonce..,42▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置.,找出下列句子的定语1.Theblackbikeismine.2.What'syourname?3.Ihavefivebooks.4.Theymadepaperflowers.5.ThebookintheroomisJack.6.Itisaswimmingpool.7.Doyouknowthesleepingboy..,43找出下列句子的定语1.Theblackbikeis44七、状语（adverbial）用来修饰动词、形容词或副词或全句的句子成分。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。（若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语，常见的4个的顺序为：方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。）.,44七、状语（adverbial）.,45状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：

Hediditcarefully.Theymissedmeverymuch.

Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.

Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.

WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell..,45状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。.,1.Tomrunsquickly.2.Igetupatsixeveryday.

3.Iplaysoccerverywell.

4.In

the

classroom,theboyneedsapen.5.Having

to

finish

his

homework,theboyneedsapen.6.Theboyneedsapento

do

his

homework.理解记忆.,461.Tomrunsquickly.理解记忆.,46

找出下列句子的状语1.

WearrivedatShanghaiatsixyesterday.2.Shedidn’tgotothepartybecauseoftherain.3.

MrSmithlivesinAmerica.4.

Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.5.

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepquickly.6.

Iamtallerthanheis..,47找出下列句子的状语1.

WearrivedatSh同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词或名词短语对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：

Westudentsshouldstudyhard.

Weallarestudents.Carol,anAmericanteacher,willcometoourschool..,48同位语ourschool..,48独立成分

有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词:yes否定词：no称呼语:mum,dad。插入语:一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。

如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend情态词:表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然等。.,49独立成分有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为50副词作状语的位置：①放在句中修饰动词，通常是be动词之后，实义动词之前，助动词和实义动词之间，如usually,often，sometime，seldom，never，also，only，ever，still……②放在句末修饰动词，如verymuch，alot，quickly，fast，high，slowly……③修饰形容词或副词时反复在它们前面，如verygood，soearly……④有的副词在句子中位置灵活，如already，only，sometime…….,50副词作状语的位置：.,51(一)句子成分PartsoftheSentence.,1(一)句子成分.,52句子成分的概念：组成句子的各个部分就叫句子成分。英语基本句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。.,2句子成分的概念：.,53句子成份:★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjectgroup）谓语部分（predicategroup）★句子成份：主·谓·宾·表补定·状·.,3句子成份:★句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subj54Membersofsentence:S---subjectP---predicativeO---objectAttri.---attributeAdv.---adverbOc---objectcomplement

Predicate/(Verb)主宾表补定状谓.,4Membersofsentence:主宾表补定状谓.55一、主语（subject）

主语是谓语讲述的对象，是句子的主体。表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。

.,5一、主语（subject）.,561

Theroomisveryclean.2We

oftenspeakEnglish.3Eightismyluckynumber.4

ToteachthemEnglish

ismyjob.5Swimmingisgoodforourhealth.6Whatweneedisfood.7Thepoorareeverywhereinsomecountries.8在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。

Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.

Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.理解记忆(名词)(代词)(数词)(动词不定式)(动名词)(句子)(the+形容词).,61

Theroomisveryclean.找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Totalkwithyouisagreatpleasure3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.4.Theyareourgoodfriends.5.Whathesaidwasright.6.EightisaluckynumberinChina.7.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou..,57找出下面句子的主语.,758

单选：1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They.,8单选：.,59二、谓语（predicate）谓语是用来说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样。常置于主语后。谓语由动词充当，主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态和不同的语态，它是句子的核心。.,9二、谓语（predicate）.,60Heisverygenerous.ShelooksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman..,10Heisverygenerous..,61谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?

简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成.,11谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的62Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearesudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!

复合谓语1.情态动词+动词原形2.其他助动词+动词某种形式3.系动词+形容词.,12Youmaykeepthebookfortw

常见情态动词：

can/could能，可以，可能may/might可以，可能need需要must必须，务必will/would表意愿should应该haveto不得不

+动词原形作谓语.,63

常见情态动词：

can/could能，可以，可能系动词分类：一be动词类：am,is,are,was,were

二感官动词类:

look,sound,smell,taste,feel,三表示变化类:become,

get,

turn,grow,go

四表示延续性的动词:remain,stay,keep

五

似乎，好像:seem,appear.,64系动词分类：.,1465Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Don’tlaughatothers!Don’tcomebacklatetonight.主意祈使句中的谓语部分：1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形.,15Openthedoor,please!.,66找出下列句子的谓语1.Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.2.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.3.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?4.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?5.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.6.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!.,16找出下列句子的谓语1.Idon'tlike67按要求找出下列句子的主谓：1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.（主谓）2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.（谓）3.Don’tgetnervous，andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike．（主谓）4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.（主谓）5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.（主）6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?（主谓）主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you.,17按要求找出下列句子的主谓：主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you681.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finish B.finishingC.tofinish D.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选：It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是……的形式主语真正的主语tofinish.,181.Itisdifficultforme__693.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语感官动词+adj..,193.__upearly,oryouwill70三、表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，它一般位于系动词之后，构成主系表结构，说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。表语可以由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。.,20三、表语(predicative).,常见的系动词：1.表状态：be2.表感官：look,sound,smell,taste,feel3.表变化：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,fall4.表持续,保持：keep,remain,stay5.表似乎,像：seem，appear.,71常见的系动词：1.表状态：be.,21721.Myfatherisateacher.（名词）2.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.（形容词）3.Iamten.

（数词）4.Everyoneishere.（副词）5.Theyareatthetheatre.（介词短语）6.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.（不定式）7.Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.（从句）理解记忆.,221.Myfatherisateacher.（找出下列句子的表语1.Wearethemasterofourfuture.2.Theoldmanfeltverysad.3.Ourcountrywillbecomestronger4.Myfatherkeptsilent.5.Yourwordsseemedright.6.Thedrinktastesquitewonderful.7.Inspringthetreesturngreen.8.Theboyisveryclever.9.Nooneremainsyoungforever.10.Thegirlhasbecomeskillful..,73找出下列句子的表语1.Wearethemaster74四、宾语（object）宾语表示动作所涉及的对象，内容或承受者。宾语

宾语由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当。动词+宾语（readbook）介词+宾语(Thebookisgoodforus.).,24四、宾语（object）动词+宾语（readboo75

动宾:表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.

Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.

Ihopetoseeyouagain.

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?介宾：介词后面的宾语Heisafraidofher--hisheadteacher.

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.注意：人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith_______.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she.,25动宾:表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。761.Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.(名词)2.Heoftenhelpsme.（代词）3.Helikestosleepintheopenair.（不定式）4.TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.（现在分词）5.Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.（宾语从句）理解记忆.,261.Heneverforgivesothers77Hegavemeabookyesterday.

Givethepoormansomemoney.双宾结构：间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)接双宾结构的动词有：give,offer,lend,send,pass,show,bring,take,sell,write,buy,fetch,find,get,makeIthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式注意以下情况：.,27Hegavemeabookyesterday.找出下列句子的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.2.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.3.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?4.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.5.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill..,78找出下列句子的宾语1.Mybrotherhasn’t79直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：We

brought

them

somefood.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。

.,29直接宾语和间接宾语.,80五、宾语的补足语（objectcomplement）

英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.

.,30五、宾语的补足语（objectcomplement）.811.Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.2.Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.3.WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.4.Makeyourselfathome.5.Isawagirlgointothebuilding.6.Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.7.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.8.Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.理解记忆（名词）（形容词）（副词）（介词短语）（省略to的不定式）（带to的不定式）（现在分词）（过去分词）.,311.Ifyouletmego,I’llmak82在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：▲“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。

WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan’tleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?.,32在英语中,常见的“宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构有：.,83▲“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有：down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如：

Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语（即宾语）所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：

Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain..,33▲“宾语+副词”。.,84“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：

A要求带to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim.

B要求不带to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等

Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom.

C单词help后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother(to)dohousework.▲“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语，有着主谓关系。

Isawthemplayingontheplayground.IheardMarysingingintheclassroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。

Ihadmybikestolen.Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood..,34“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：.,85

▲形式宾语＋形容词WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday.▲宾语+what从句Callmewhatyoulike.Mr.Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday.Themountainvillageisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago..,35▲形式宾语＋形容词.,找出句子中的宾语补足语1.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.2.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.3.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.4.TheycallmeLilysometimes.5.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus..,86找出句子中的宾语补足语1.Shelikesthech871.Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.

②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.

③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.

④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?

找出下列句子的宾语.,371.Mybrotherhasn’tdoneh885.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime..,385.Someofthestudentsinth89六、定语（attributive）

定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。

.,39六、定语（attributive）.,901.Theblackbikeismine.2.What’syourname?3.Theymadesomepaperflowers.4.TheboysintheroomareinClassThree.5.Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.6.ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.理解记忆形容词作定语名词作定语代词作定语介词短语作定语不定式作定语定语从句.,401.Theblackbikeismine.理解91

在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称“后置定语”。▲

修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定语必须后置。如：

We’llgotohavesomethingEnglish.Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?

▲介词短语作定语时要后置。如：

Doyouknowthe