【KS5U解析】北京市第四十三中学2020届高三下学期模拟统练（二）英语试题 Word版含解析

北京市第四十三中学2019—2020学年度第二学期模拟统练（二）高三英语试卷满分：120分考试时间：100分钟第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）a阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。thisyear,theworldcuphasbeenplayedacrossdifferent___1___(city),andteamchinahadtrainingsessionsevenontravelingdayswhensomeparticipatingteamschosetorestupafteratiringflight.whentheteamstruggled,captainzhutingwasalwaysthere,doingwhateverwasneeded___2___(carry)theteamforward.that’swhyshehasbecomeanationalvolleyballicon(偶像),justlike“ironhammer”lang.nevergivingup,especiallyinadifficultsituation,that’s___3___thespiritofchinesewomen’svolleyballmeans.【答案】1.cities2.tocarry3.what【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，中国女子排球队在旅游日还在训练，在球队拼搏时，队长朱婷总是和队员们在一起，永不放弃是中国女排精神所在。【1题详解】考查名词。句意：今年，世界杯在不同城市举行比赛。根据theworldcuphasbeenplayedacrossdifferent得知世界杯在不同城市举行比赛。形容词different修饰名词复数。故填cities。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：队长朱婷做她能做的为了带球队前进，表示目的用动词不定式。故填tocarry。3题详解】考查表语从句。句意：永不放弃，尤其是在逆境中。这是中国女排精神的含义。be动词后是表语从句，从句动词means缺少宾语，且指物。故填what。b阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。therailwayline___4___(connect)beijingandzhangjiakou,theco-hostcityofthebeijing2022winterolympics,istheworld'sfirstintelligent,high-speedrailway.it___5___(go)intooperationondec30,2019.therailwayis174kmlong,withamaximumdesignspeedof350kph.itreducesthetraveltimebetweenbeijingandzhangjiakoufromoverthreehoursto47minutes.thetrainisdesignedwithanareatostoresnowboards,adevicetosecurewheelchairsandamobilenewscenter___6___passengerscanwatchliveolympicbroadcasts.【答案】4.connecting5.went6.where【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了连接北京与2022年冬奥会合办城市张家口的高速铁路。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：连接北京和张家口的铁路线是世界上第一个智能高铁。谓语动词是is，连接和谓语动词之间没有连词，要用非谓语动词，主语是铁路线和连接是主动关系，用现在分词。故填connecting。【5题详解】考查动词时态。句意：2019年12月30日【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：火车上设计有存放滑雪板的区域，一个确保轮椅安置和移动新闻中心，在那里乘客可以看奥林匹克直播，先行词是amobilenewscenter，在定语从句中做地点状语。故填where。c阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。the“twenty-foursolarterms”isthechinese___7___(tradition)wayofdividingandmarkingtime.itshowstherelationshipbetweentheuniverse,seasons,climateandagriculture,whichisuniquelycreated___8___chineseancestors.thetwenty-foursolartermsareimportantinstructionsfortheagriculturalproductionaswellaspeople'sdailylives.attheinitialstageofagriculturaldevelopment,peoplebegantoexplorerulesofnatureandused___9___(they)toguidesowing,harvestingandotheragriculturalactivities.untilnow,it___10___(become)anessentialtooltoguidetheagriculturalproductioninchina.anditscharmandvaluehavebeenincreasinglyrecognizedbythepublic.【答案】7.traditional8.by9.them10.hasbecome/becomes【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了中国划分时间的传统方式“二十四节气”.【7题详解】考查形容词。句意：二十四节气是中国传统的划分时间的方法。形容词修饰名词，方法是名词，故填traditional。【8题详解】考查介词。句意：它表示宇宙、季节、气候和农业的关系，它被中国祖先创造。表示被动用be动词加过去分词+by，故填by。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：人们开始探索自然的规律并使用它们来引导播种、收获或其他农业活动。动词后用宾格代词。故填them。【10题详解】考查时态。句意：直到现在，它已经成为了引导中国农业生产重要的工具。untilnow可以理解为现在之前用现在完成时或当前的状态用一般现在时。故填hasbecome/becomes。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。thestructureinorganizationshaschanged.ithastransformedfromabosstoaleaderbeingatthetopandfrommethoddirectingtocooperation,___11___howmanyofushaveactuallymadethis___12___withinourselves?let'snotgetpersonalaboutanypersonorconnectthistoany___13___organization.considerthe___14___patternonasocialmediawebsitesuchaslinkedin.weoftenseegoodarticleswrittenbyjunior-levelemployeeswhich___15___newenthusiasmandnewperspectives,buthowmanysenior-level___16___goand"like"thearticle?not___17___readit,butactually"like”it.moreoftenthannot,theanswerisnone.leadersreadsucharticles,butthey___18___topressthe"like"buttonduetosomefear!afriendofmine,whoholdsthe___19___ofdirectorofhumanresourcesinareputedorganization,happenedtomentionanarticlethathisteammemberhadwritten.icasuallyenquired____20____theabsenceofa"like"orcommentfromhim.hisanswerreally____21____me!hesaid:"youknowwhatmy____22____is?icannotbecommentingorlikinghisarticleinpublic!"amazedbythisbehavior,ididmyresearchonthispatternonafewsocialmediaplatforms.yes,peoplewantto“like"orcommentonarticlesandphotosthatarepublishedbypeoplewitha（n）____23____levelanddosoaswell.whileweare____24____the"like"buttononajunior-levelemployee'sone—yearanniversary,wejumptobeoneinafewhundredstooffer____25____onasenior-levelleader'sone—yearcompletion.however,ithinkourprecious“like"fortheemployee____26____alotandencourageshim,while,ontheotherhand,itis____27____manyhundredsandisnot____28____noticedbytheleader.encouragenewtalentsand____29____them.ifwedonotexhibitthissocially,iamsurewewillnot____30____itinourjobeither.11.a.so b.otherwise c.yet d.while12.a.organization b.method c.cooperation d.transformation13.a.unusual b.ordinary c.common d.particular14.a.behavioral b.online c.popular d.personal15.a.oppose b.contain c.promote d.lack16.a.leaders b.writers c.employers d.readers17.a.precisely b.barely c.merely d.thoroughly18.a.stop b.hope c.hesitate d.regret19.a.name b.title c.faith d.honor20.a.forlackof b.onaccountof c.inneedof d.withregardto21.a.confused b.astonished c.dissatisfied d.annoyed22.a.team b.level c.habit d.reputation23.a.superior b.different c.average d.junior24.a.pressing b.missing c.skipping d.considering25.a.congratulations b.suggestions c.opinions d.remarks26.a.changes b.requires c.proves d.means27.a.intendedfor b.replacedby c.judgedby d.buriedin28.a.even b.just c.ever d.still29.a.know b.motivate c.demand d.observe30.a.represent b.like c.show d.notice【答案】11.c12.d13.d14.a15.b16.a17.c18.c19.b20.d21.b22.b23.a24.c25.a26.d27.d28.a29.b30.c【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，由我们总是喜欢给上级领导而不是下级员工发表的文章和照片点赞这一现象告诉我们应该重视点赞对员工的激励作用。【11题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而我们中有多少人真正在我们自己内部完成了这种转变？a.so因此；b.otherwise否则；c.yet然而、但是；d.while虽然。空前说组织结构发生了变化。它已经从老板变成了领导者，从方法导向到合作，空后又说我们中有多少人真正在我们自己内部完成了这种转变呢，前后是转折关系，故c项正确。【12题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。a.organization组织；b.method方法；c.cooperation合作；d.transformation转变。根据空前的“transformed”可知此处指“转变”，故d项正确。【13题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们不要涉及个人，也不要把它与任何特定的组织联系起来。a.unusual不同寻常的；b.ordinary平常的；c.common普通的；d.particular特定的。空前说我们不要涉及个人，因此此处是说我们也不要把它与任何特定的组织联系起来，旨在强调这一现象的普遍性，故d项正确。【14题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想想linkedin等社交媒体网站的行为模式。a.behavioral行为的；b.online在线的；c.popular流行的；d.personal个人的。组织结构的转变自然是体现在某一组织的行为模式上，下文中的“amazedbythisbehavior”也是提示，故a项正确。【15题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们经常看到下级员工写的好文章，其中包含新的热情和新的视角，但是有多少高层领导会给这篇文章点赞？a.oppose反对；b.contain包含；c.promote提升；d.lack缺乏。员工的好文章自然是包含了新的热情和视角，故b项正确。【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。a.leaders领导；b.writers作者；c.employers雇主；d.readers读者。根据空前的“senior-level”可知此处指“高层领导”，故a项正确。【17题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不仅仅是读它，而是给它点赞。a.precisely精确地；b.barely勉强；c.merely只是、仅仅；d.thoroughly彻底地。根据空后的“butactually"like”it.”可知此处指“不仅仅是读它”，故c项正确。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：领导们读了这样的文章，但由于一些担心，他们迟迟不肯点赞！a.stop停下来；b.hope希望；c.hesitate犹豫；d.regret后悔。根据空后的“duetosomefear!”可知，由于一些担心，领导们迟迟不肯点赞，故c项正确。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的一个朋友，在一个有名的组织里担任人力资源总监，碰巧提到他的团队成员写的一篇文章。a.name名字；b.title头衔；c.faith信念；d.honor荣誉。holdthetitleof表示“担任”，故b项正确。【20题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我随便打听了一下他是否点赞或评论。a.forlackof因缺乏……；b.onaccountof由于；c.inneedof需要；d.withregardto关于、就。根据空后的“theabsenceofa"like"orcommentfromhim”可知，我打听了一下他是否点赞或评论，用withregardto引出询问的问题，故d项正确。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他回答真让我吃惊！他说：“你知道我的级别吗？我不能当众评论他的文章或点赞！”a.confused使困惑；b.astonished使吃惊；c.dissatisfied使不满意；d.annoyed惹恼。根据空后的“amazedbythisbehavior”可知，他的回答让我大吃一惊，故b项正确。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。a.team团队；b.level水平、级别；c.habit习惯；d.reputation声望。上文说我的这个朋友在一个有名的组织里担任人力资源总监，下文又说人们总是喜欢评论由更高级别的人发表的文章和照片或为其点赞，因此他说出于级别原因，他不能当众评论下级员工的文章或为其点赞，故b项正确。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们总是喜欢评论由更高级别的人发表的文章和照片或为其点赞。a.superior出众的、上级的；b.different不同的；c.average平均的；d.junior下级的。上文我的朋友说由于自己的级别原因，他不能当众评论下属的文章或为其点赞，因此人们普遍喜欢评论由更高级别的人发表的文章和照片或为其点赞，故a项正确。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们忽略给初级员工一周年庆点赞时，我们会对上级领导一周年庆表示祝贺。a.pressing按压；b.missing错过；c.skipping跳过、略过；d.considering考虑。上文说人们普遍喜欢给由更高级别的人发表的文章和照片点赞而不愿给下属发表的文章或照片点赞，因此我们会略过给初级员工一周年庆点赞，故c项正确。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。a.congratulations祝贺；b.suggestions建议；c.opinions观点；d.remarks评论。上文说人们普遍想给由更高级别的人发表的文章和照片点赞，因此我们会对上级领导的一周年庆表示祝贺，故a项正确。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，我认为我们宝贵的点赞对员工来说意义重大，它能够激励他。a.changes改变；b.requires需要；c.proves证明；d.means意味。空后说点赞能够对员工起到激励作用，因此它对员工来说意义重大，故d项正确。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：而另一方面，它却被埋藏于数百个赞之中，甚至领导都没有注意到。a.intendedfor目的在于；b.replacedby取代；c.judgedby由……判断；d.buriedin埋藏在。上文说给员工点赞对员工来说意义重大，再结合表示转折关系的while可知，领导却没有注意到这一点，因此此处表示“埋藏于”，故d项正确。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。a.even甚至；b.just只是；c.ever曾经；d.still仍然。根据空后的“noticedbytheleader”可知此处表示递进，说的是“甚至领导都没有注意到”，故a项正确。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：鼓励并激励新人。a.know了解；b.motivate激发、刺激；c.demand要求；d.observe观察。根据空前的“encouragenewtalents”可知此处指“激励”，故b项正确。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们在社交上不表现出来，我相信在工作中也不会表现出来。a.represent代表；b.like喜欢；c.show展示、表现；d.notice注意到。根据空前的“ifwedonotexhibitthissocially”可知，如果我们在社交上不表现出来，我们在工作中也不会表现出来，故c项正确。【点睛】本篇第12空难度较大，对上下文的理解是关键，根据上文的“afriendofmine,whoholdsthe___9___ofdirectorofhumanresourcesinareputedorganization”可知，我的这个朋友在一个有名的组织里担任人力资源总监，再根据空后的“yes,peoplewantto“like"orcommentonarticlesandphotosthatarepublishedbypeoplewitha（n）___13___levelanddosoaswell.”可知，人们总是喜欢评论由更高级别的人发表的文章和照片或为其点赞，因此此处是说“出于级别的原因，我不能当众给下属发表的文章点赞”，故b项（level）正确。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。athisiswhatarealsilverdollarlookslikeifyoutrustintheyen,theeuro,andthedollar...stopreading.becausethisisastoryabouttheslivercoineverybodywants.youreadtheheadlines.youknowthattroubledeconomictimeshaveputglobalcurrencyonarollercoaster(过山车)ride.butmillionshavefoundasmarterwaytobuildlong­termvaluewithhigh­gradecollectablesilver.andrightnow,thosepeoplearelininguptosecuresomeofthelast2012u．s.mintsilvereagles,america'snewestsilvereagledollars.today,youcangraduatetothefrontofthatline.buynowandyoucanownthesebrilliantuncirculatedsilverdollarsforonly$38.95!youcan'taffordtolosewhyarewereleasing(发行)thissilverdollarforsucharemarkableprice?becausewewanttointroduceyoutowhathundredsofthousandsofsmartcollectorsandsatisfiedcustomershaveknownsince1984—newyorkmintistheplacetofindtheworld'sfinesthigh­gradecoins.that'swhywe'reofferingyouthisbrilliantuncirculated2012u．s.silvereagleforaslittleas$37.45(pluss/h)．timingiseverythingouradvice?keepthistoyourself.becausethemorepeoplewhoknowaboutthisoffer,theworseitisforyou.demandforsilvereaglesin2011brokerecords.expertspredictthat2012silvereaglesmaybreakthemalloveragain.duetorapidchangesinthepriceofsilver,pricesmaybehigherorlowerandaresubjectto(受……影响)changewithoutnotice.suppliesarelimited.callimmediatelytoaddthesesilvereaglestoyourholdingsbeforeit'stoolate.offerlimitedto40perhousehold2012americansilvereaglecoinyourcost1­4coins$3895each＋s/h5­9coins$38.45each＋s/h10­19coins$37.95each＋s/h20­40coins$37.45each＋s/hnote：$10s/h(shippingandhandling)foreachpurchaseforfastestservice,calltoll­free24hoursaday1­888­201­7143offercode(代码)ase177­04

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newyorkmint14101southcrossdrivew．，dept.ase177­04burnsville,minnesota55337www.newyorkm31.whatisstressedinthead?a.thecoinisofhighqualityandworthcollecting.bthecoincanbecirculatedasacurrency.c.limitedsuppliesguaranteeastablepriceofthecoin.d.demandforthecoinisboundtobreakrecords.32.ifyoubuysix2012u．s.mintsilvereaglesbypost,youshouldpayatleast________.a.$230.7 b.$233.7 c.$240.7 d.$243.733.theadstronglyencouragespeopletopurchasethesilvercoinsby________.a.shoppingonlineb.makingaphonecallc.liningupinfrontofthestoresd.writingtothecompany【答案】31.a32.c33.b【解析】这是一篇广告应用文。文章向读者推荐一种有收藏价值的银币。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“butmillionshavefoundasmarterwaytobuildlong-termvaluewithhigh-gradecollectablesilver.”。可知，成千上万的人已经发现一种更加明智的做法，就是收藏高质量的有长效价值的银元。故选a。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文中图片旁边的内容“5­9coins$38.45...”和图片下面的note：$10s/h(shippingandhandling)foreachpurchase。可知，你应该付费：6×$38.45＋$10＝$240.7。故选c项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后部分方框上面的内容“forfastestservice，calltoll-free24hoursaday”。可知，最快捷的方式便是打电话。故选b项。bkylecassidyandthreeothermembersoftheannenbergrunninggroupwerestretchingonthegroundsoftheuniversityofpennsylvania,waitingforafewlatecomers.thepenncolleaguesandothercommunitymembersmeetthreedaysaweekforaroughly30-minutejogandanoccasionallecture.that'sright―duringsomeruns,oneofthemdeliversatalk.topicsrangefromthebraintobitcoin.butonthisdaylastjanuary,itwouldnotbetheirnormalrun.thefirstcluethatsomethingwasoffwasthemanwhosprintedpastthem."runningatanamazingpace,"cassidytoldrunner'sworldadmiringly.cassidydiscoveredwhythesprinterwassofleetoffootwhenanothermanranby,yelling,“help!hetookmyphoneandlaptop!"atthat,thegroupdidwhatrunningclubsdo:theyran,trailingthesuspectdownthestreetsofphiladelphiauntilheduckedintoaconstructionsite.therunnerssplitup.cassidyranaroundtothefarsideofthesitetocutthethiefoffwhiletheotherswanderedtheneighborhoodhopinghehaddumpedtheloot（赃物）inabackyard.noluck.sotheydecidedtoaskresidentswhetherthey'dseentheguy.whentheyknockedonthedoorofonerowhouse,theywereinforasurprise.unknowntothem,hehadalreadyemergedfromtheconstructionsite—andwashidingbehindabushbythatveryhouse.astheowneropenedthedoor,thesuspectdartedoutfrombehindthebush...andrightintothearmsofcampuspolice,who'djoinedthechaseshortlybehindtherunners.themembersofthisrunninggrouparenothard-coreathletes.buttheydounderstandthebenefitofalittleexercise.''runningistypicallyauselesssportwhereyouturnfatcellsintoheat,"cassidytoldthephiladelphiainquirer."butoccasionallyitcanbeuseful,andherewasoneofthoseopportunities."34.whydothegroupmembersgathertogether?a.todosomestretching. b.tohavearegularrun.c.todeliveralecture. d.tocoversometopics.35.whatdoestheunderlinedword"sprinted"inparagraph2probablymean?a.dashed. b.pushed.c.jumped. d.escaped.36.wecaninferthatthesuccessofthechaseismainlydueto____.a.theassistanceoftherunners b.theowneroftherowhousec.thecampuspoliceonpatrol d.thejointeffortsofthepeople37.whichofthefollowingbestdescribescassidy?a.athleticandgenerous. b.courageousandambitious.c.helpfulandhumorous. d.thoughtfulanddemanding.【答案】34.b35.a36.d37.c【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等众人合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获的故事。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“thepenncolleaguesandothercommunitymembersmeetthreedaysaweekforaroughly30-minutejogandanoccasionallecture.”可知，宾州大学的同事和其他社区成员每周集结三天，进行大约30分钟的慢跑，由此可知，小组成员聚在一起是为了进行常规的跑步，故b项正确。【35题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“"runningatanamazingpace,"”可知，这个人跑的速度非常快，应该是从他们的身边疾驰而过，由此可知画线词词义为“猛冲”，故a项正确。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“atthat,thegroupdidwhatrunningclubsdo:theyran,trailingthesuspectdownthestreetsofphiladelphiauntilheduckedintoaconstructionsite.”及第四段中的“astheowneropenedthedoor,thesuspectdartedoutfrombehindthebush...andrightintothearmsofcampuspolice,who'djoinedthechaseshortlybehindtherunners.”等细节描写可知，众人（跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等）合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获，故d项正确。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“cassidyranaroundtothefarsideofthesitetocutthethiefoff”可知，劫案发生后，卡西迪马上投入到对嫌犯的追捕之中，这说明他乐于助人；再根据最后一段中的“''runningistypicallyauselesssportwhereyouturnfatcellsintoheat,"cassidytoldthephiladelphiainquirer."butoccasionallyitcanbeuseful,andherewasoneofthoseopportunities."”可知，卡西迪对记者说“跑步通常是一项无用的运动，你可以将脂肪细胞转化为热量，但偶尔也会有用，这就是其中一个机会”，这是一种诙谐的说法，说明他很幽默，由此可知，卡西迪既乐于助人又有幽默感，故c项正确。cfoodexpertssaywashingcouldspreadthegermsonyourturkeyinthekitchensinkornearbyfood.butit'sbeenachallengetryingtoconvincecookstostoprinsing（冲洗）offrawpoultry.germsthatcanmakepeoplesickarecommoninthegutsofhealthypoultryandarelegallyallowedtobeonrawturkeyandchicken.theassumptionisthatnobodyeatstheirpoultryraw,andthatthoroughcookingwillkillthebacteria.thedo—not—washrawpoultryadvicefromtheusdaisrelativelynewandperhapshasn'tcaughtonbecauseitgoesagainstthecommonbeliefthatwashingmakesthingsclean,saidchapman.benjaminchapman,astudyauthorandfoodsafetyexpertatnorthcarolinastateuniversity,saidtheinstincttowashrawpoultrygoesbackatleastdecadeswhenpeoplereliedmoreonvisualcluestospotproblemswithpoultry.meanwhile,washinghandsandsurfacesarealsoimportant.butfoodpreparationisacomplicatedact,andgermsfrompoultrycanbespreadevenifit'snotwashed,especiallywhenbirdsareremovedfrompackaging.theusda-fundedstudystressesthatpoint.researcherssprayedrawchickenwithaharmlessstrainofe.coli（大肠杆菌）andwatchedvolunteercooksattestkitchens.amongthosewhowashedtheirrawchicken,aboutaquarterendedupspreadingthebacteriatotheirlettuce.butevensomeofthosewhodidnotrinsethechickengotgermsonthelettuce.andthereareotheropportunitiesforgermstosurviveonturkeys:meltingandcooking.toensureabirdisthoroughlycooked,theysaytouseathermometertocheckthatthedeepestandthickestpartsofithavereached165degrees.evenafterthemealiscooked,youaren'toutofthedangerzone.tokeepturkeysandotherleftoverssafe,expertssaytheyshouldberefrigeratedaftertwohours.38.peopledon'tacceptusda'sadvicebecause____.a.theadviceisrelativelynewbcleaningseemsmoretrustworthyc.cookscleantheturkeybeforecookingitd.heatcankillmostgermsandnooneeatsrawfood39.whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraph4?a.foodpackagescarrygerms.b.handsandsurfacesareeasytogete.coli.c.germsfromaturkeycanbespreadwhetheritiswashedornot.d.multiplemethodsshouldbeappliedtofoodtogetridofgerms.40.whichwaymayhelptocookaturkeysafely?a.rinseofftheturkeybeforeitisheated.b.keeptheturkeyawayfromthelettuceandrefrigerator.c.washhandsandpackagesbeforetakingouttheturkey.d.useathermometertocheckthetemperatureoftheturkey.41.fromwhichsectionofamagazineisthetextprobablytaken?a.culture. b.science.c.education. d.medicine.【答案】38.b39.c40.d41.b【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“thedo—not—washrawpoultryadvicefromtheusdaisrelativelynewandperhapshasn'tcaughtonbecauseitgoesagainstthecommonbeliefthatwashingmakesthingsclean,saidchapman.”可知，查普曼说，美国农业部提出的“不清洗生禽”的建议相对较新，但可能还没有流行起来，因为这违背了人们普遍认为的“清洗可以使东西干净”的观念，由此可知，人们不接受美国农业部的建议是因为清洗似乎更值得信赖，故b项正确。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“amongthosewhowashedtheirrawchicken,aboutaquarterendedupspreadingthebacteriatotheirlettuce.butevensomeofthosewhodidnotrinsethechickengotgermsonthelettuce.andthereareotheropportunitiesforgermstosurviveonturkeys:meltingandcooking.”可知，在那些清洗生鸡肉的人中，约四分之一的人最终将细菌传播到生菜上，但即使是一些没有清洗鸡肉的人，生菜上也有细菌，火鸡身上的细菌还有其他生存的机会：融化和烹饪，由此可知，不管火鸡是否被清洗，它身上的细菌都会传播，故c项正确。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“toensureabirdisthoroughlycooked,theysaytouseathermometertocheckthatthedeepestandthickestpartsofithavereached165degrees.”可知，为了确保一只家禽被彻底煮熟，他们说要用温度计检查它最深和最厚的部分是否达到165度，由此可知，用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，故d项正确。【41题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了食品专家说清洗可能会在厨房水槽或附近的食物中传播火鸡身上的细菌，但美国农业部的研究强调无论是否被清洗，火鸡身上的细菌都会传播，同时指出用温度计检查火鸡的温度有助于安全地烹饪火鸡，这属于科学范畴，因此这篇文章最有可能出自于杂志的科学版块，故b项正确。dmicroplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.it'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.anewstudyshowsthatamericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody,aswellastheirimpactonhumanhealth.hopingtofillinsomeofthesegaps,aresearchteamledbykierancox,aphdcandidateattheuniversityofvictoria,lookedat26papersassessingtheamountofmicroplasticsincommonlyconsumedfooditems,amongwhichareseafood,sugars,salts,honey,alcoholandwater.theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheenvironmentalprotectionagency'sreportedrespirationrates.basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.whenmicroplasticstakeninthroughinhalationaretakenintoaccount,therangejumpstobetween74,000and121,000particlesperyear.theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater."thisshowsthatsmalldecisions,overthecourseofayear,reallymatterandhaveanimpact."coxsays.thenewstudy,accordingtoitsauthors,wasthefirsttoinvestigate"theaccumulativehumanexposure"tomicroplastics.butinalllikelihood,theresearchtellsonlyasmallpartoftheentirestory.collectively,thefoodanddrinkthattheresearchersanalyzedrepresent15percentofamericans'caloricintake.theteamcouldnotaccountforfoodgroupslikefruits,vegetablesandgrainsbecausetheresimplyisnotenoughdataontheirmicroplasticcontent.forthoseworriedaboutmicroplasticconsumption,cuttingdownbottledwaterisagoodplacetostart.buttotheheartoftheproblem,wehavetostopproducingandusingsomuchplastic.42.whatmakesitdifficulttoknowmicroplasticscommonlyexistinthehumanbody?a.thequality. b.thequantity.c.theshape. d.thesize.43.howdidkierancox'steamcalculatethepotentialconsumptionofmicroplastics?a.bystudyingpapers. b.bycomparingtheimpacts.c.byanalyzingthedata. d.byconductingexperiments.44.whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?a.drinkinglessplasticbottledwaterhelpstotakeinfewermicroplastics.b.thestudyisamongtheearliesttoinvestigatehumanexposuretomicroplastics.c.cox'steamgainedcomprehensiveinformationofmicroplasticstakeninbyhumans.d.peopleconsume74,000to121,000particlesofmicroplasticsperyearfromfoodanddrink.45.whatisthebesttitleforthetext?a.thepotentialproblemsofmicroplasticsb.microplasticscomingfromvarioussourcesc.microplasticsfoundwithinhumanbodiesd.theimpactofmicroplasticsonhumanhealth【答案】42.d43.c44.a45.c【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“measuring50to500micronsinlength,microplasticscomefromavarietyofsources,includinglargeplasticsthatbreakdownintosmallerandsmallerpieces.therefore,muchremainsunknownaboutthecommonexistenceofthesematerialswithinthehumanbody”可知，微塑料颗粒的长度在50到500微米之间，有多种来源，包括可以分解成越来越小的碎片的较大塑料，因此，关于这些物质在人体的普遍存在还有很多未知之处，由此可知，微塑料颗粒的大小让我们很难知道它们普遍存在于人体中，故d项正确。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“theteamalsoevaluatedthepotentialconsumptionofmicroplasticsthroughinhalation（吸入）usingpreviouslyreporteddataonmicroplasticconcentrationsintheairandtheenvironmentalprotectionagency'sreportedrespirationrates.basedonthesedata,theresearcherscalculatedthatourannualconsumptionofmicroplasticsviafoodanddrinkrangesfrom39,000to52,000particles.”可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组还利用先前报告的空气中微塑性物质浓度数据和环境保护署报告的呼吸速率，评估了吸入过程中微塑料的潜在消耗量，根据这些数据，研究人员计算出，我们通过食品和饮料每年消耗的微塑料颗粒从39000到52000不等，由此可知，基兰·考克斯的研究小组是通过分析数据来计算微塑料的潜在消耗量的，故c项正确。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“theauthorsofthestudyfoundthatpeoplewhodrinkexclusivelyfromplasticwaterbottlesabsorbanadditional90,000microplasticseachyear,comparedto4,000amongthosewhoonlyconsumetapwater.”可知，这项研究的作者发现，那些只喝塑料瓶装水的人每年会摄入90000个微塑料颗粒，而那些只喝自来水的人每年摄入4000个微塑料颗粒，由此可知，少喝塑料瓶装水有助于减少微塑料的摄入，故a项正确。【45题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.it'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.anewstudyshowsthatamericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.”可知，微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故c项正确。【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于被选选项要有高度的概括性，准确全面地概括出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，科普类说明文通常在第一段就会点明文章主题，例如本篇第4题，通读全文，特别是根据第一段“microplasticsareeverywhereinourenvironment.it'shardlysurprisingthatthetinyfragmentshavealsobeenfoundinhumans.anewstudyshowsthatamericansareconsumingasmanyas121,000particleseachyear.”可知，微塑料在我们的环境中无处不在，在人类身上也发现这些微小的碎片并不奇怪，一项新的研究表明，美国人每年消耗的微塑料颗粒多达12.1万个，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒，故c项（人体内发现的微塑料）最适合作文章标题。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。manypeopleoftenfindthemselveswakingupinthemiddleofthenight,unusuallyawakeandexcited.___46___.that'sreallyfrustrating.however,thereisnoneedtoworry.herearesomeeffectivewaystohelpyoufallasleepagain.remaininbed.foryoutofallasleep,yourheartrateneedstoslowdown.whenyougetup,yourheartrategoesup.so,avoidgoingtothebathroomduringthenightifyoucan.donoteattoolittleortoomuchfordinner.donotdrinkandfillyourbladder（膀胱）beforebed.___47___.itmaymakeyoufallasleepfaster,butitmayalsodisruptyoursleeplaterinthenight.stayinthedark.whenyoucannotsleep,ledlightsonprintersandcableboxesmaybethereason.thesameistrueforlightstreaminginthroughcracksincurtains.___48___.youshouldcoverlightswithtapeandwearasleepmask.apopularchoicehasdeepeyecupssoyoureyescanopenandshutwhileyouwearthem.quietyourmind.trywaystorelax,suchasdeepbreathing,meditation,andmindfulnessexercises.___49___.thepointistokeepyourbrainbusywithsomethingthatisnotdemandingandisrelaxing.___50___.ifyourwake-uptimeis6:30a.m.andyourclockreads3:00a.m.,do