牛津上海版中考英语常见的词缀、例词及练习

牛津沪教版常见的词缀、例词及练习.定义：是指只能粘附在词根上构成新词的语素。包括前缀叮后缀.词缀示例：a.前缀：e.g.like-dwlike,happy-wnhappy,usual一”"usual,appear-disappear,possible-impossibleb.后缀：e.g.use-useful,pollute-pollut/on,comfort-comfortable,change-changeable,secret-secretory.用法【前缀】前缀放在单词的前面，主要改变单词的意思。主要有否定前缀,表“重复”的前缀.及表“相互”的前缀a.否定前缀令unhappy—unhappy,usual—unusual,real-unreal,friendly—unfriendly,tidy—untidycomfortable-uncomfortable,able-unable,lucky-unlucky,healthy-unhealthy,fortunate-unfortunate令dislike-dislike,agree-disagree,honest-dishonest,appear-disappear,able-disabled(disorder,discover)im-/inpossible—impossible,polite-impolite,active—inactive,correct—incorrect,b.表“重复”的前缀令return一return,view―review,start—restart,union——reunion,write——rewrite,do-redoc.表“相互”的前缀international——international,net—internet,view—interview,personal-interpersonal,(act-interact)d.表“数字”的前缀。uni-单一；统一uniform,unit,union,theUnitedStatesofAmerica,theUnitedKingdom,unicorn,universe,university令bi-二，双bicycle,bicultural,bilateralQtri-三倍triangle,triple,trilogy,tricyclequadra-四，四倍quartere.表“向前”的前缀令proprogress,process,project,proposef.表“转移”的前缀令transtransform,transplant,translate,g.表“提前”的前缀prepredict,preview,preheat,prehistory,prewarh.变使役动词的前缀en-enable,enrich,enlarge,endanger,encourage【名词性后缀】1.者名词-er,-eer表示”从事于 人”wait—waiter,win—winner,paint—painter,begin-beginner,bake-baker,manager-manager,write-writer,engine-engineer-or,表示"做……的人”educate-educator,act—actor,operate-operator,sail-sailor,direct-director,invent-inventor,visit-visitor-ess,表示“女性人称名词,act-actress,host-hostess,prince-princess,wait—waitress-ee,表示”动作承受者”**employ-employee,examine-examinee,train-trainee,interview-interviewee-ist,表示”……家，…….者，…….能手”tour-tourist,art-artist,piano-pianist,science-scientist,novel—novelist,dental—dentist,chemistry—chemist,type—typist-ary,表示”从事 的人”secret-secretary,-ine,表示“女性人称”**hero—heroine,-an,-ian,表示" 地方的人，精通 的人"America-American,India-Indian,Asia-Asian,music-musician,magic-magician,physical-physician-ese,表示”……国人，…..地方的人”Japan-Japanese,China-Chinese-ant,-ent,表示” 者”assist-assistant,serve-servant,study-student,agency-agent,participate-participant-man,-woman,表示“从事于 人”sale-salesman,saleswoman,police-policeman,policewoman,business-businessman,businesswoman,fish-fisherman,post-postman注意部分-er结尾不表示人的单词如：cook-cooker,serve—server,heat—heater,cool-cooler,fly—flyer2.构成具有抽象名词的后缀表示行为，状况及结果-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition»act-action,solve-solution,conclude-conclusion,pollute-pollution,create(creative)—creationdiscuss—discussion,organize-organization,decide—decision,direct—direction,operate—operation,exhibit-exhibition,invent—invention,invite-invitation-ment,advertise-advertisement,develop—development,punish—punishment,argue-argument-al,refuse-refusal,arrive-arrival,survive-survival,approve-approval-ing,build—building,begin-beginning,meet-meeting,mean—meaning,cycle-cycling,save-saving,train-training,say-saying-ure»please—pleasure,fail-failure,mix-mixture表示性质，程度，行为，状态-ance,-enceimportant—importance,convenient-convenience,different-difference,appear-appearance,absent—absence,enter-entrance,perform-perfdrmancearefer-reference,silent-silence,guide-guidance-ancy,-ency,frequent-frequency,efficient-efficiency,emergent-emergency,agent-agency-ity,real-reality,able-ability,national-nationality,active-activity，creative-creativity-ety,various-variety,anxious-anxiety,social-society-bility,possible—possibility,responsible-responsibility-ice,serve—service,choose-choice,advise—advice,-th,deep-depth,true—truth,long-length,grow-growth,wide-width,die(dead)-death13)-ness,good—goodness,kind—kindness,happy—happiness,ill-illness,lonely-loneliness,empty—emptiness表示身份，等级，领域，状态-ship,member-membership,friend-friendship-age»pack-package,marry-marriage±post-postage-dom,free—freedom,king-kingdom,wise—wisdom-hood,child-childhood,neighbour—neighbourhood,【巩固测试】Recentlymanyaregoingtoeveningschoolfbrfurtherstudy.(work)AgreatnumberofhighhaveriseninShanghaiduringthelast10years.(build)Aftermuch,weallagreedtosharethecost,(discuss)WhitewasawaytotheSouthlastmonth,sohedidn'tattendtheinBeijing,(meet)amaregulartotheBaiduwebsite.(visit)Wehavemadeatoenterfbrthecontest,(decide)MostofthepassengersweresatisfiedwiththeoftheEasternAirline,(serve)WhoistheofHarryPotter?(write)Computersaresuper.(calculate)Theofthegameiswavinghishandtotheaudience.(win)UAfriendinneedisafriendindeed.MisafamousChinese.(say)Withtherapid,Chinaisplayingamoreimportantroleintheinternationalsociety.(develop)"It'satomeetyou.^^saidtheboytohisfriend.(please)HarryisdreamingofbeinganlikeTomCruise.(act)Thegeneralofthatnewcompanyisaquiteyounglady.(manage)Myparentsarebothofthatartmuseum.(paint)Thelittlegirliscleverenoughtoreciteeverytextinthebookfromtoend.(begin)Thissoftdrinkisaoffourdifferentkinds.Ittastesdelicious.(mix)Thisisfbryouronly.(refer)Mr.Jacksonhasreceivedantohisfriend'sbirthdayparty,(invite)[2021一模&二模】Ifsanewstoryfullof,adventureandheroiccharacters.(act)(2021杨浦一模)Themoviecardwasnoavailable,soIthrewitaway,(length)(2021虹口一模)Computerswereconsideredasoneofthegreatestinthe1920sthoughtheywereveryhugeatthattime,(invent)(2021宝山一模)Twoaredirectingtrafficatthecrossing,(policewoman)(2021普陀一模)Theofthatbridgeisover200metres,(long)(2021普陀一模)Wendy'sfatherhelpedheranewwayofdoingbusiness.(invention)(2021普陀一模)Thegovernmentisplanningtomorejobsforyoungpeople,(creation)(2021松江一模)Weareconfidentofthedoctor'stocurethisdisease,(able)(2021松江一模)ThePonyExpresswasastartedin1860thatcarriedmailandnewsthroughouttheWest,(serve)(2021奉贤一模)Don'tjumptoconclusions!We'dbettertheproblemfirst,(discussion)(2021奉贤一模)Themanagersaidthattheofthereportmustbeatleastfifteenminutes,(long)(2021嘉定一模)Aisnotapersonwhoneverfails,butapersonwhonevergivesup.(win)(2021浦东一模)Ifsimportantforstudentstobuildrelationshipswithothermembersofthe.（social）（2021徐汇一模）Thesuddenofthepetdogmadetheoldladyverysad.（dead）（2021长宁一模）Greenpeaceisaninternationalthatprotectstheenvironment,（organize）（2021崇明一模）Boththegovernmentandthepublicshouldfindwaystoreduce.（pollute）（2021黄浦一模）ThefamilyhadareallytriptoThailandduringthesummerholiday,（please）（2021静安一模）Themanwhomadeacallwhiledrivingshouldtakefortheaccident,（responsible）（2021静安一模）Inthefuture,Joewouldliketoatrucklikehisfather,（driver）（2021闵行一模）Keepingpetdogsisagoodidea,andwecanlearnaboutfromit.（responsible）（2021闵行一模）Ifyouhadchosentotelltheatfirst,youwouldnotbeintroublenow.（true）（2021奉贤二模）Foodwasteisoneofthebiggestproblemsnowadays.（society）（2021奉贤二模）Computerscanbeusedtorailways,andflyairplanesandspaceships,（operation）（2021奉贤二模）Weaskedalocaltocomeandshowherworktothestudents,（art）（2021杨浦二模）Themanageroftherestauranthastrainedthewaitresstocorrectlyattable,（service）（2021杨浦二模）Asspringishere,animalscanfeeltheandwakeupfromtheirwintersleep,（warm）（2021黄浦二模）Keeptherulesforthepublic.Beapolite.（visit）（2021静安二模）Hefoundthattherewasnothingbutpeaceandhere,（happy）（2021闵行二模）It'snecessaryforstudentstolearntorelationshipsandcommunicatewithothersintheteam.（development）（2021虹口二模）Theoverthereisinabadstateanditneedssomerepairwork,（build）（2021徐汇二模）Jennylivesabusylifeandshejoinsdifferentclubstomakenewfriends,（society）（2021徐汇二模）Pouringrubbishintotheriverwillthewaterwedrink,（pollution）（2021普陀二模）Zakisafriendlyneighbourandhetreatotherswith.（kind）（2021普陀二模）Nowadayyoungpeoplechecktheirmediamoreoftenthanbefore,（society）（2021青浦二模）“NightBanquet（宴会）inPalaceofTangDynasty^^wasonethemanyexcellentduringtheHenanSpringFestivalGala（演出）.（perform）（2021青浦二模）Nowmoreandmoreparentshaverealizedtheofoutdoorplay,（important）（2021金山二模）TheoftheCassetteTape（盒式磁带）,LouOttens,diesattheageof94.（invent）（2021金山二模）Jerryisinterestedindifferentkindsofoutdoorsuchasskiingandcamping,（act）（2021宝山二模）Myteachersoftenmetotakenotesinclassandhaveareviewafterschool,(advice)(2021宝山二模)【形容词后缀】-able,ible表示“能够”change-changeable,comfort-comfortable,forget-unforgettable,reason-reasonable,possible-possibility-ful表示“充分的”含义help-helpful,use-useful,care-careful,beauty-beautiful,colour-colourful,meaning—meaningful,wonder-wonderful,hope-hopeful,harm-harmful-less,通常是ful结尾形容词的反义词help-helpless,use-useless,care-careless,colour-colourless,meaning-meaningless,hope-hopeless,harm-harmless-ed,通常修饰人或表示被动含义，interest-interested,surprise—surprised,relax-relaxed,bore—boredexcite-excited,disappoint-disappointed,please-pleased,-ing,通常修饰物或表示主动含义，interest-interesting,surprise-surprising,relax-relaxing,excite-exciting,disappoint-disappointing,bore—boring-y,表示有…性质的、有…倾向的rain-rainy,cloud-cloudy,sun-sunny,wind-windy,snow-snowy,noise-noisy,luck—lucky,health-healthy,-ive,表示有…性质的、有…倾向的act—active,nation-native,create-creative,effect-effective-ous,表示“充分的”含义danger-dangerous,fame—famous,variety—various-ic,表示有…性质的、有…倾向的base-basic,comedy-comic,fantasy-fantastic,electricity-electric-al,表示有…性质的、有…倾向的person—personal,nation—national,emotion-emotional,physics—physicalchemistry-chemical,nature-naturaLglobe-global,society-sociallocate-local,medicine-medical,-em,表示“方向”west-western,east-eastern,north-northern,south-southern-an表示“国籍”America—American,Asia—Asian,India—Indian,Canada—Canadian-ese,表示“国籍”Japan-Japanese,China-Chinese注意：部分以ly结尾的不是副词，而是形容词friendly,lovely,likely,lonely,elderly,lively【副词后缀】(1)直接力口ly, careful—carefully quick-quickly polite-politely extreme—extremelycomplete-completely, recent—recently loud-loudlyclear-clearlyimmediate—immediately wide-widely(2)以le结尾的形容词去e加ly构成副词possible-possiblycomfortable-comfbrtablytrue-trulygentle-gently(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i加lyhappy-happily heavy-heavily healthy-healthily noisy-noisilylucky-luckily angry-angrily easy-easily注意：部分以ly结尾的不是副词，而是形容词friendly,lovely,likely,lonely,elderly,lively部分形容词和副词同形：fast—fast,hard-hard,early-early,high-high加了ly后意思有区别，试比较：hard一hardly,high一highly高度地；非常【巩固练习】[2021一模】1.Everymorning,thestudentstandattheschoolgateandgreettheteachers.(polite)(2021奉贤一模)thinkoneofthemostwaystoimprovememoryisthelinkmethod,(effect)(2021虹口一模)YouneedtheknowledgeofI.T.toapplyforthisjob.(base)(2021虹口一模)Weallknowthatsuccessinstudydependsonone'sowneffort,(main)(2021虹口一模)Joe'sparentscouldn'tunderstandwhyhemadesuchadecisionyesterday,(surprise)(2021嘉定一模)Thencighbours,helpwarmedherandmadeherfeelaftertheterriblefire.(hope)(2021嘉定一模)Nearly90%studentsinbigcitiesownmobilephonesaccordingtoastudy.(recently)(2021嘉定一模)Keepinganimalsincagesinzooswillmakethemunhappyandirritable(烦躁的).(extreme)(2021嘉定一模)Thedeliveryman'sjobistodeliverthingstopeopleasaspossible.(immediate)(2021浦东一模)Youshouldbetolifeandsmilewhenyouhaveahardtime,(hope)(2021浦东一模),Imissedthebeginningofthelecturebecauseofthetrafficjam.(fortunately)(2021浦东一模)HenryhastravelledinAsiaandknowsalotaboutdifferentcountriesthere,(wide)(2021普陀一模)Becauseofherbusyschedule,itisforhertospendmuchtimetraveling,(possible)(2021普陀一模)TheseyearsChinahasmadegreateffortstoensurepeople'ssenseofsafety.(person)(2021徐汇一模)ThescientificresearchChang'e-5didonthemoonreallymademefeel.(interest)(2021徐汇一模)Theyarddoorsusuallyhaveweaklocksandyoucanopenthem.(easy)(2021杨浦一模)Sowhat'sgoingon,yousoundonthephone?(worry)(2021杨浦一模)Thehi-techindustryattractsmanypeopletoworkthere.(create)(2021长宁一模).1wonderifyouhavevisitedtheplacesofinterestinShanghai.(recent)(2021长宁一模)Everyoneshouldlearnhowtobeinourdailylife.(depend)(2021长宁一模)Insomecountries,itistoopenthegiftsinfrontoftheguests,sotrytoavoidit.(polite)(2021青浦一模)Chang'e5roboticprobehasbroughtbacktherocksandsoilfromthemoon,(succeed)(2021青浦一模)Eventuallystudentswillgraduatefromschoolstoliveasfullyadults,(depend)(2021青浦一模)[2021二模】WaltDisneycreatedalotofcharactersinhiscartoons,(forget)(2021虹口二模)Playingcomputergamesfortoolongdoesharmtopeople'sandmentalhealth,(physics)(2021虹口二模)Someofficersturnedintolivestreamers(网络主播)tohelpfarmerstoselltheirproducts,(locate)(2021虹口二模)5Gtechnologywillbeusedinourdailylifeinthenearfuture,(wider)(2021虹口二模)Mumlaidthebabydownonthebed.(gentle)(2021静安二模)Hewouldratherbepoorthangetmoneyinsucha(n)way.(honest)(2021静安二模)Thecampersaresothattheymaycauseafire.(care)(2021杨浦二模)Abusinesswithoutacustomerwill