【KS5U解析】上海市上海中学2020届高三上学期期中考试英语试题 Word版含解析

上海中学2019学年第一学期期中考试英语试题Ⅰ.listeningcomprehensionsectionadirections:insectiona,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.afteryou.hearaconversationandthequestionabout.it,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyou'veheard1.a.heisangryb.heisexhaustedc.heishungry.d.heisdisappointed2.a.gooverhislessonbattendthepartyc.eatoutwithfriendsd.takethefinalexam.3.a.sheismostlikelytobearrestedb.shehasforgottentocallthepolice.c.shemayhavelostherdrivinglicense.d.sheislyingtothepoliceofficer4.a.billbrokehispromisebmumwillprobablyrewardbillc.billfailedinthetestd.mumisworriedaboutbillswork5.a.makearecoveryplatbgobacktoworkc.dropoutofschooldquitherpresentjob.6.a.shegavehimalifthomeagainb.sheofferedhimanextraroomcshetreatedhimwellatherhomedshesparedmuchtimeforhime7.a.shedoesn'thavetimetofindanewflatb.shehasnotpaidenoughrentinadc.sheisunlikelytogiveuptheniceflatd.shewantstodecoratetheflatduringtheholiday8.a.extremesports.b.travelins/lance.c.bungeejumping.d.divingsafety.9.a.shelikesphillips'singingverymuchb.sheappreciatesotherkindsofmusicalsc.sheenjoysthechangesofhismusicalsd.sheadmiresothersingers.morethanphillips10.a.americanstudentsaretootalkativeinclass.b.it'shardtolearnalotinanamericanschoolc.onecanjoininschoolingindifferentwaysd.activeparticipationisgreatlyencouragedsectionbdirections:insectionb,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheardquestions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage11.aoneshouldwaitforthingstohappenbeforeleavingb.oneshouldremainsilentwhenthingsaregettinghardc.oneshouldtrytotakecontrolofthedifficultsituationd.oneshouldturntootherpeopleforinstanthelp12.a.bymotivatinghimselftotakeaction.b.byseekinghelpfromhisfriendsc.bythinkingofthemeaningoflife.d.bytakinggoodcareofhimself13.alifeisnotalwayspeacefulanditisfullofterribleaccidentsb.keepapositiveattitudeandfocusonsurvivalwhateverhappenc.advancedequipmentistheessentialfactorinsurvivingcrisesd.bereadytogetimmediateassistancewhenlostinthejungle.14.a.ln1969b.ln2012c.ln1976d.ir201615.asuggestedcreatingauniversityofscienceandtechnologyinegyptb.helpedmanyegyptianscientiststobeawardedthenobelprizec.developedcooperationwiththeuniversityofcaliforniaintheu.sd.providedexcellentegyptianstudentswithmorefinancialsupport16.a.forhisrelationshipwithegyptianpresident.b.forhisacademicperformanceintechnologyc.forhisgoodserviceintheegyptianarmyd.forhisoutstandingcontributionstoegyptquestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.a.itoffersdifferentopinionsonoldageb.itisabouthowtokeephealthyinoldagec.itinvestigatesthecausesoftheagingproblem.d.itrevealsthesecretsoflivinglonger18.a.theoldarethoughttobehealthyb.theoldarereportedtobepoorbuthappyc.theoldareregardedasanunattractivegroupd.theoldareconsidereddangeroustothesociety.19.a.theyareeasytofalldownwithseriousillnessb.theyenjoytravelingandgettingnewexperiencec.theyaredifficulttoberecognizedduetothechangesd.theyhavenomorementalproblemsthanthemiddle-aged20.araisepeople'sawarenessofcaringfortheoldb.helppeopletaketheirresponsibilitiesfortheoldc.changepeople'sattitudetowardstheagedgroupd.easepeople'sfearandanxietyaboutgrowingoldⅡ.grammarandvocabularysectionbdirections:afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblanksto.makethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.itisaroughworldoutthere.stepoutsideofashoppingmallandyoucouldbreakyourleg____1____(slip)onthedoormat.luckily,ifthedoormatfailedtowarnofcomingdanger,asuccessfullawsuit(官司)mightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.sincetheearly1980s,jurieshavebegunholdingmorecompaniesresponsibleforthecustomers'misfortunes.feelingthreatened,companiesrespondedbywritinglongerwarninglabels,tryingtoanticipateeverypossibleaccident.today,evenladderscarryalabelseveralincheslongthat____2____(warn)amongotherthings,thatyoumightfalloff.whilewarningsareoftennecessaryforcompanies,manystillfeeluncertainwhetherthoselabelscanprotect___3___fromlegalresponsibilityifacustomerisinjured.actually,about50%ofthecompanieslosewhen___4___(take)tocourtbytheinjuredcustomer.nowthetideappearstobeturning___5___personalinjuryclaimscontinuetogrow,somecourtsarebeginningtosidewithdefendants(被告),especiallyincases___6___awarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.inmay,julienimmons,presidentofschuttsportssuccessfullyfoughtalawsuit___7___(involve)afootballerwhowasparalyzed(t)inagamewhilewearingaschutthelmet."wearereallysorryhehasbecomeparalyzed,___8___helmetsaren'tdesignedtopreventthosekindsofinjuries,"saysnimmons.thejuryfinallyagreedthatthenatureofthegame,notthehelmet,wasthereasonfortheinjury.meanwhile,theamericanlawinstitute,agroupofjudgesandlawyers,issuednewguidelinesstatingthatcompaniesneedn'twarncustomersofobviousdangersorannoythemwithalengthylistofpossibleones____9____informationwon'tgetburiedinaseaoftrivialities(琐事).ifthemoderateendofthelegalcommunityhasitsway,theinformationonproductsmightactuallybeprovidedforthebenefitofcustomersandnot_____10_____aprotectionagainstlegalresponsibility.【答案】1.slipping2.warms3.them4.taken5.as6.where7.involving8.but9.so10.as【解析】本文为说明文。本文就警告牌在使用的过程中出现了一些危险，导致消费者与公司之间发生纠纷而产生索赔展开了讨论。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：外面的世界很艰难。走出商场，你可能会在门垫上滑倒而摔断腿。根据语境可知，此空在句中作状语，其逻辑主语是you，二者是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，表主动。故填slipping。【2题详解】考查主谓一致及时态。句意：今天，甚至梯子上都有一个几英寸长的标签，上面写着“可能会掉下来”等警告。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中定语从句修饰先行词alabel，alabel在定语从句中作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。本句叙述的是现在的一个客观事实，故要用一般现在时。故填warms。【3题详解】考查人称代词。句意：但许多公司仍然不确定，如果顾客受到伤害，这些标签是否能使他们免于承担法律责任。根据上下文的语境可知，此处的主语是许多公司many(companies)，不知道这些标签是否能使他们免于承担法律责任。可知，本空指代上文中many(companies)，并在句中作动词protect的宾语，应使用代词的宾格。故填them。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，当受伤的顾客把公司告上法庭时，大约有50%的公司蒙受了损失。“takesb.tocourt”为固定搭配，意为“把……告上法庭”。分析句子可知，本空的逻辑主语是50%ofthecompanies，二者是被动关系，此处是指公司被告上法庭，应使用过去分词，表被动。故填taken。【5题详解】考查状语从句的连接词。句意：随着人身伤害索赔的不断增加，形势似乎正在转变，一些法院开始站在被告一边。根据语境可知，本空应使用连接词as“随着”引导时间状语从句。故填as。【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一些法院开始站在被告一边，特别是在警告标签可能不会改变任何事情的情况下。分析句子especiallyincases___6___awarninglabelprobablywouldn'thavechangedanything.可知，本句是定语从句，其中的先行词为cases，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where引导，此处指“尤其是在这样的案件中”。故填where.【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年5月，舒特体育总裁朱莉·尼蒙斯（julienimmons）成功地打了一场官司，一名足球运动员戴着schutt头盔而导致全身瘫痪的足球运动员。分析句子可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰名词alawsuit，它与动词involve二者是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，表主动。故填involving。【8题详解】考查连词。句意：我们真的很抱歉，他已经瘫痪了，但头盔的设计并不是为了防止这种伤害。分析句子可知，空格前后是转折关系，应使用but。故填but。【9题详解】考查连词。句意：与此同时，由法官和律师组成的美国法律研究所(americanlawinstitute)发布了新的指导方针，称公司不必提醒客户注意显而易见的危险，也不必用一长串可能的危险来惹恼他们，因此信息就不会被淹没在一大堆琐碎的小事中。分析句子结构及句意可知，此处使用连词so“因此”连接上下语境。故填so。【10题详解】考查介词。句意：这些产品的信息可能实际上是为了客户的利益而提供的，而不是作为对法律责任的保护。分析语境可知，本空缺少一个介词，根据语境可知，此处应使用介词as“作为”。故填as。sectioncdirections:completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.theabilitytowritewellisnotagift.sure,thespecialsomethingsettingapartshakespeareortolstoyisatalent____11____ofdisposition(性情),experienceandcommitment.butjustbeingabletocommunicateclearlywithwrittenwordsisalearnedskill.becausethewordsweusetowritewitharethesamewordsweusetothinkwith,learningtowritewellhasimplicationsgoingbeyondthemerelytechnical.asweimproveourwritingability,weimproveourabilitytothink--tobuildanargument,toframeissuesinforcefulways,to___12___seeminglyunrelatedfactsintoacoherentwhole.anddespitetherecurringpessimisticopinionsaboutthe"endofliteracy"andthe"deathofthe___13___word",therealityisthatwewritemorethaneverthesedays.whileit'sararepersonwhositsdownwithpenandpaperinhandandwritesalettertoafriendorlovedone,we___14___emailsatanastoundingrate.wealsofrequentlywriteletters,proposals,memos,speechesanddozensofmore___15___typesofdocumentsinaword,weare___16___writingcreatures.it'snowonderthatbusinessesrepeatedlycite"communicationskills"asthesinglemost___17___traitinnewemployees.theproblem,though,isthatweareasasociety___18___badatwriting.thatisagreatdanger.outclassroomisfilledwithunmotivatedstudentswhocouldcarelessaboutwriting.butbeingabletowritewellvastlyimprovesstudents'potentialforsuccessasithelpsthemtothinkthroughproblemsandexpresstheirideasmoreeffectivelythegoodnewsisthatwritingwellisnotagift___19___forthefewbutasetofskillsthatcanbemasteredbyanyone.herearesometipstohelpyoumovefrombeing___20___capabletobeinganexcellentwriter.first,startajournalorablogtogetyouwritingregularly.thenreaditsothatyoucanfindtheawkwardparts.finally,beopentoothers'commentssoifyouworryaboutyourwritingability,commityourselfnow.tobecomingasolidwriterintheyeartocome.【答案】11.ad12.d13.ab14.a15.bc16.ac17.bd18.ae19.c20.b【解析】本文为说明文。本文叙述了写作能力不是天赋的。写作不仅是可以学习到的一种技术，可以让你变成一个优秀的作家，也提高了我们思考的能力。【11题详解】考查语境及固定搭配。句意：写得好不是天赋。当然，莎士比亚和托尔斯泰的独特之处在于他天然的性格、经验和他的奉献。但是，仅仅能够用文字清晰地交流是一种可以学习的技能。“bornof”为固定搭配，意为“出生于，天生的。”此处是指出生时就有的，填born。故选ad。【12题详解】考查语境及谓语动词的时态。句意：随着我们写作能力的提高，我们思考的能力也在提高---确立一个论据，用有力的方式来阐述问题，把看似无关的事实组织成一个连贯的整体。根据前一句可知，写作及思考能力的提高，我们就能把看似无关的事实“组织/编织（weave）”成一个连贯的整体。由于本句叙述的是事实，且本空是动词不定式，填原形，故填weave。故选d。【13题详解】考查语境及过去分词作定语。句意：尽管对“读写能力的终结”和“印刷文字的消亡”的悲观看法反复出现，但现实是，我们如今的写作量比以往任何时候都多。根据“literacy”以及“word”,可知，此处“出版的文字”，文字与出版二者是被动关系，要填printed。故选ab。【14题详解】考查语境及动词。句意：虽然很少有人会坐下来手里拿着纸和笔给朋友或爱人写信，但我们却会以惊人的速度发送电子邮件。根据语境可知，此处我们会不断发送邮件，“pour”意为“不断涌现”，空前是不定式符号，应使用动词原形。故选a。【15题详解】考查语境及形容词作定语。句意：我们还经常写信、写建议、写备忘录、写演讲，以及写几十种更专业的文件，分析句意可知，根据“writeletters,proposals,memos,speeches”以及后面的“typesofdocuments”可知，这些东西相对比较专业。形容词“specialized”，意为“专业的”。故选bc。【16题详解】考查语境及副词。句意：总之，我们实际上是在书写的生物。根据语境可知，此处修饰整个句子，要用副词“actually”。故选ac。【17题详解】考查语境及形容词作定语。句意：难怪企业反复强调“沟通技巧”是新员工最值得拥有的特质。分析句子可知，此处在句中作定语，修饰名词trait。根据语境可知，“沟通技巧”是新员工值得拥有的（desirable）。故选bd。【18题详解】考查语境及副词。句意：但问题是，我们整个社会都不擅长写作。这是一个巨大的危险。根据语境可知，此处是指程度，修饰形容词bad，表示“极其，非常”。而“incredibly”。故选ae【19题详解】考查语境及语态。句意：好消息是，写作好不是少数人拥有的天赋。根据语境可知，天赋是被拥有（reserve），二者是被动关系，要填reserved故选c。【20题详解】考查语境及副词作状语。句意：这里有一些建议可以帮助你从仅仅是一个有能力的人变成一个优秀的作家。此处修饰形容词“capable”，应使用副词merely“仅仅”。故选b。Ⅲ.readingcomprehensionsectionaclozeifyouexaminethebirthcertificateofeverysoccerplayerinthelastwordcuptournament,youwillmostlikelyfindtheexcellentplayerswerebornintheearliermonthsoftheyear.ifyouthenexaminetheeuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheworldcup,youwillfindthisphenomenonevenmore___21___.whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?someguessacertainastrologicalsign(星座)____22____superiorsoccerskills;othersmaintainthatwinter-bornbabieshavehigheroxygencapacitywhichincreasessoccerstamina(itt).butandersonericsson,a58-year-oldprofessorwhoiscalledtheexpertonexperts,believesinneither.hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involved___23___trainingapersontohearandrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers."withthefirstsubjectafter20hoursoftraining,hisdigitalspanroseto20,ericssonrecalls,"andafterabout200hoursoftraininghecouldrepeatupto80numbersthissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingmemoryitselfisnot___24___determined,ledericssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingisacognitive(iina)exercise,whichmeanswhateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesare____25____byhowwelleachpersonencodestheinformation.andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownas____26____practice.itinvolvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask___27___playingac-minorscale100timeshittingtennisservesuntilyourshoulderpopsoutofitssocket.___28___itinvolvessteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone,settingspecificandwell-definedgoals,focusingon___29___areasofexpertise,obtainingimmediatefeedbackfromprofessionalsandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyinghighachieversinawiderangeof____30____includingsoccer,golf,chess,pianoplayinganddarts.theygatherallthedatatheycanandmakearathershockingstatement:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighly____31____,andyes,expertperformersarenearlyalwaysmade.ericsson’sformulaseemsappealingtomanytigerparents:"practicemakesperfect"isnaturally____32____togeneticdeterminism.by____33____innateabilityasinsignificant,manyareconfidenttheycanmakeaconcert-levelpianistoranolympicfigureskateroftheirkidsaslongastheypushthemhardenough.ericsson,____34____believeswhatparentsshouldlearnfromthescienceofexpertiseisnottheeffectofloggingthousandsofhours,buthowtogetkidsto.____35____theimportanceandchallengeofeffectivepractice21.a.understandable b.misleading c.appealing d.noticeable22.a.promises b.improves c.compromises d.masters23.a.numbers b.subjects c.memory d.practice24a.physically b.genetically c.fundamentally d.psychologically25.a.overshadow b.demonstrated c.strengthened d.produced26.a.enormous b.deliberate c.desperate d.persistent27.a.onaverage b.moreimportantly c.forinstance d.inparticular28.a.besides b.nevertheless c.therefore d.rather29.a.various b.comprehensive c.targeted d.minor30.a.pursuits b.occupations c.performances d.assumptions31.a.underestimate b.overrated c.flexible d.demanding32.a.equal b.inferior c.preferable d.beneficial33.a.dismissing b.lacking c.recognizing d.highlighting34.a.likewise b.therefore c.besides d.however35.a.study b.practice c.reflect d.embrace【答案】21.d22.a23.c24.b25.a26.b27.c28.d29.c30.a31.b32.c33.a34.d35.d【解析】本文为说明文。本文通过对足球、高尔夫、国际象棋、钢琴演奏和飞镖等领域取得高成就的人进行研究，发现天才并非是天生的，是后天通过练习创造的，即熟能生巧。【21题详解】考查形容词作表语。句意：如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。a.understandable可理解的；b.misleading误导的；c.appealing有吸引力的；d.noticeable明显的。上文说“你调查所有的运动员的话，有可能会发现……”，可知“如果你接着调查的话，你会发现这种现象更明显（noticeable）”，上下文两句进行对比之后更明显。故选d。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：有人猜测某种星座的人具备更高的足球技能。a.promises使很可能，预示；b.improves提高，改进；c.compromises妥协；d.masters掌握。根据语境可知，此处是指某种星座预示（promises）某人可能具备的才能。故选a。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他的第一个实验涉及到记忆训练，让一个人听到并重复一系列随机的数字。a.numbers数字；b.subjects主题；c.memory记忆；d.practice练习。根据后面的“trainingapersontohearandrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.”以及后面的“thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingmemoryitself”可知，进行的记忆训练（memorytraining）。故选c。【24题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：这一成功，连同后来的实验证明了记忆本身不是由遗传决定。a.physically身体上；b.genetically遗传上；c.fundamentally基本上；d.psychologically心理上。根据本句后的“theactofmemorizingisacognitive(iina)exercise,whichmeanswhateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferences”即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习，可知，这不是由遗传（genetically）决定的。故选b。【25题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：换句话说，无论两个人在记忆力能力上可能存在怎样的天生差异，这些差异都会被每个人恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。a.overshadow掩盖，遮蔽；b.demonstrated描述，显示；c.strengthened加强，强化；d.produced生产。根据上下文的内容即是这些差异，会被人后来的理解所掩盖（overshadow）。故选a。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：埃里克森认为，了解如何有意义地解读信息的最佳方法是一种被称为刻意练习的过程。a.enormous许多的；b.deliberate故意的；c.desperate沮丧的；d.persistent执著的，不屈不挠的。根据“itinvolvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask”可知，这里涉及到反复的背诵，背诵就是刻意的、故意的（deliberate）。故选b。【27题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：它不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务，例如弹100次c小调，练习击球一直到肩膀脱臼。a.onaverage平均；b.moreimportantly更重要的是；c.forinstance例如；d.inparticular尤其，特别。后面的100次弹奏就是一个事例。故选c。【28题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：更确切地说，它涉及到走出你的舒适区，设定具体和明确的目标，专注于有针对性的专业领域，从专业人士那里获得即时的反馈，关注技术和结果。a.besides此外；b.nevertheless尽管如此，不过；c.therefore因此；d.rather(纠正所说的话或提供更确切的信息)更确切地讲，更准确地说。根据前面的“involvesmorethansimplyrepeatingatask”可知，涉及的不仅仅是单纯的重复，下面提供更确切的信息，即更确切地说（rather）。故选d。【29题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：设定具体和明确的目标，专注于有针对性的专业领域的专业知识……a.various不同的；b.comprehensive综合的，全面的；c.targeted有针对性的；d.minor次要的，较小的。根据空前空后的“specificandwell-definedgoals”，“areasofexpertise,”可知，本空指应该是有针对性的（targeted）。故选c。【30题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：因此，埃里克森和他的同事们开始寻找在足球、高尔夫、国际象棋、钢琴演奏和飞镖等广泛领域取得高成就的人。a.pursuits寻找，追求；b.occupations职业；c.performances表现；d.assumptions假设。根据后面的宾语可知，此处是寻找（pursuits）人。故选a。【31题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：人震惊的结论：我们通常所说的天赋特征被严重高估了。a.underestimate低估的；b.overrated高估的；c.flexible灵活的；d.demanding要求高的。根据后面一段“expertperformersarenearlyalwaysmade”可知，“专家级的表演都是制造出来的”可推断出“天赋被高估了（overrated）”，故选b。【32题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：埃里克森的公式对于许多“虎爸虎妈”来说是可取的。“熟能生巧”自然比基因决定论更受欢迎。a.equal平等的；b.inferior较低的；c.preferable更可取的；d.beneficial有益的。后一句“熟能生巧”对于想培养好孩子的父母来说，自己的孩子不够聪明，可通过后面的训练来实现。因此这一点自然比基因决定论更受欢迎，可知，对“虎爸虎妈”来说是更可取的（preferable）。故选c。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：很多人认为先天的能力并不重要，但他们相信，只要努力，就能把孩子培养成钢琴演奏家或奥运会花样滑冰选手。a.dismissing摒弃，对……不屑一提；b.lacking缺乏；c.recognizing意识到；d.highlighting强调。他们认为只要努力就能把孩子培养好，所以他们对于先天的能力不重视，即不屑一提（dismissing）。故选a。【34题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：然而，埃里克森认为，父母应该从这门专业科学中学到的不是重复数千小时工作的效果。a.likewise同样地，类似的；b.therefore因此；c.besides此外；d.however然而。根据本空前后的句子可知，此处是指转折关系，要用however。故选d。【35题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：而是如何让孩子去做。让孩子乐于接受有效的实践是重要的，也是挑战。a.study研究；b.practice练习；c.reflect反思；d.embrace拥抱，欣然接受，乐意采纳(思想、建议等)。根据语境可知，让学生知道如何努力，要接受（embrace）成功在于有效的实践。故选d。sectionb.passages(a)iwasatthefuneralofmydearestfriend-mymother.shefinallyhadlostherlongbattlewithcancer.thehurtwassointense;ifoundithardtobreatheattimes.alwayssupportive,motherclappedloudestatmyschoolplays,heldtheboxoftissueswhilelisteningtomyfirstheartbreak,comfortedmeatmyfather'sdeath,andprayedformemyentirelifewhenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,soitfellonmethe27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher.icounteditanhonor.myplacehadbeenwithourmother,preparingher.meals,takinghertothedoctor,readingthebibletogether.nowshewasinheaven.myworkwasfinished,butiwasalonedeepinsorrow,suddenly,iheardadooropenandslamshutatthebackofthechurch.quickfootstepshurriedalongthecarpetedfloor.ayoungmanlookedaroundbrieflyandthensatnexttome.hefoldedhishandsandplacedthemonhislap.hiseyesstartedtobefilledwithtears."i’mlate”,heexplained,thoughnoexplanationwasnecessary."afterseveraleulogies(悼词),heleanedoverandcommented,"whydotheykeepcallingmarybythenameofmargaret?"because,thatwashername,margaret.nevermary.”iwhispered,wonderingwhothestrangerwasanyway."isn'tthisthelutheranchurch?""no,thelutheranchurchisacrossthestreet.""ibelieveyou'reatthewrongfuneralsir."thesolemnness(庄重)oftheoccasionmixedwiththerealizationoftheman'smistakebubbledupinsidemeandcameoutaslaughter:sharplooksfromothermourners(x4)onlymadethesituationseemmorestupid.ipeekedattheconfused,misguidedmanseatedbesideme.hewaslaughingtoo,asheglancedaround,decidingitwastoolateforanuneventfulexit.iimaginedmotherlaughing.atthefinal'amen,werushedoutadoorandintotheparkinglot."idobelievewe'llbethetalkofthetown.bytheway,mynameisrick.hesmiledthatafternoonbeganalifelongjourneyformewiththismanwhoattendedthewrongfuneral,butwasintherightplace.ayearafterourmeeting,weweremarriedatacountrychurch.thistimewebotharrivedatthesamechurch,rightontime.inmytimeofsorrow,godgavemelaughter.inplaceofloneliness,godgavemelove.thispastjune,wecelebratedourtwenty-secondweddinganniversary.wheneveranyoneasksushowwemetricktellsthem,hermotherandmyauntmaryintroducedus,andit'strulyamatchmadeinheaven36.onlyauthorcouldtakecareofhermommainlybecause________.a.shewastheonlychildinthefamilyb.alovelybabycameintoherbrother’sfamilyc.shewastheonlychildwithoutanewfamily’sburdend.hermomlovedhermuchmorethanotherchildren37.whatcanweinferfromthepassage?a.theauthorandrickmet22yearsagoforthefirsttimeb.theauthorwassupposedtohavebeeninlutheranchurchc.margaretshouldbethenameofrick’saunt.d.themournersconsideredtheauthor’sjoyimproper.38.whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?a.hoperemainingatthefuneralb.aheavenlyencounterc.twofuneralsatonetimed.seekinggod'severlastinglove【答案】36.c37.d38.b【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。作者的朋友在妈妈的葬礼上，遇到一个走错教堂的陌生人，他们由此相识并在一年后结了婚。作者认为是上帝在她悲伤的时候，上帝给了她欢笑，上帝给了她爱。天堂的妈妈介绍他们认识的，是天作之合。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“whenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,soitfellonmethe27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher..nowshewasinheaven.myworkwasfinished,butiwasalone”这句是说“当母亲的病被诊断出来的时候，我姐姐刚生了一个孩子，我哥哥刚和他青梅竹马的恋人结婚，所以照顾她的责任落在了我这个27岁的老二身上。送走了母亲，我是独自一人”以及最后一段作者说她和走错路的人结成夫妻，由此可推断出当时姐姐和哥哥都有家庭负担，只有我是独自一人，没有家庭负担，因此我承担了照顾母亲的责任。分析选项可知c项符合题意。故选c。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据第九段“ibelieveyou'reatthewrongfuneral,sir.”和第十段“thesolemnness(庄重)oftheoccasionmixedwiththerealizationoftheman'smistakebubbledupinsidemeandcameoutaslaughter:sharplooksfromothermournersonlymadethesituationseemmorestupid.”此处是指有一个人走错了教堂，参加错了葬礼，作者认为这种严肃的场合，出现了这种错误，作者笑出来。其他悼念者用犀利眼神看着我，可推知，“妈妈的葬礼自己笑出来”是不恰当的。故选d。【38题详解】主旨大意题。本文叙述作者的朋友在母亲葬礼上，遇到了一个人走错了教堂，参加错了的葬礼，由此两人认识了。一年后，他们结婚了。尤其是最后一段最后一句“wheneveranyoneasksushowwemetricktellsthem,hermotherandmyauntmaryintroducedus,andit'strulyamatchmadeinheaver”可知，作者认为他们俩的相识是妈妈和玛丽阿姨（这两人当时已在天国）介绍我们认识，真是天堂般的邂逅。可知，b项aheavenlyencounter（这是天堂般的邂逅）符合题意。故选b。。【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。根据事实细节，推断合理信息。第一题属于推理判断题。根据第二段“whenmother'sillnesswasdiagnosed,mysisterhadanewbabyandmybrotherhadrecentlymarriedhischildhoodsweetheart,soitfellonmethe27-year-oldmiddlechild,totakecareofher..nowshewasinheaven.myworkwasfinished,butiwasalone”这句是说“当母亲的病被诊断出来的时候，我姐姐刚生了一个孩子，我哥哥刚和他青梅竹马的恋人结婚，所以照顾她的责任落在了我这个27岁的老二身上。送走了母亲，我是独自一人”以及最后一段作者说她和走错路的人结成夫妻，由此可推断出当时姐姐和哥哥都有家庭负担，只有我是独自一人，没有家庭负担，因此我承担了照顾母亲的责任。分析选项可知c项符合题意。故选c。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据,推论有理,忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。(b)thecloserelationshipbetweenspeakersandtheirspeechhasledsomescholarstosuggestthatlanguagedeterminestheviewwehaveoftheworldaroundus.differentlanguagessegmentnaturalphenomenadifferently.wenamesevencolorsintherainbow:violet,indigo,blue,green,yellow,orangeandred.speakersofotherlanguagesmayseeonlyfour,asdidturkishbeforeoursystemwasintroduced,orevenasfewastwo,roughlythelightershadesversusthedarker.thereisnothinginnaturetodemonstratehowweshouldchopupthespectrumoftherainbow,butwhenwehavelearnedagivenlanguage,wedistinguishtheshadesitdesignates,bothintherainbowandelsewherestudentsoflanguageassumefromsuchasituationthatlanguagedeterminesmuchoftheandpatternsweseeintheworldaroundus,andthatitdirectsourconceptsandactionschangesinthechoiceoflanguage,then,mightmodifybehavior.todaygasolinetrucksaregenerallylabeled"flammable(易燃的)".thein-prefixwastakenasequivalenttothatofwordslike"inactive",wherein-meansnot".itisactuallythein-ofwordslike"intense",whereitstrengthensthemeaning.theword"inflammable",then,means"highlyflammable"thefaultyinterpretationoflanguage,however,determinedtheattitudesofmanyspeakers,whothenadjustedtheirbehaviorinrelationtothelanguage.prudenttruckownershavetakennoticeandchangedthewarningto“flammable"suchobservationsledwhorftoaconceptwithdeeperpatternsoflanguage,suchastheuseoftensesinthelanguageofeurope.tenseisthelinguisticexpressionortime.englishandothereuropeanlanguagesgenerallyrequiretheirspeakerstoidentifythetimeofanevent,whetherpresent:itisraining;past:itrained;orfuture:itwillrain.bycontrast,manylanguages,suchasthehopilanguageofnewmexico,lackexpressionfortense.nordosuchlanguagesobjectifytime.inhopionecannotcountdays,minutes,yearsasthoughtheywereobjectslikestones.everydayexpressionslike"threeyearswentby"areimpossibleinhopi.comparingsuchlanguages,whorfproposedthat"ouruseoftenseorourobjectifiedviewoftimeisfavorabletohistoricityset)andtoeverythingconnectedwiththekeepingofrecords."thatistosay,becauseofthepatternsforreferringtotimeinenglishandotherlanguages,theirspeakersmaintainrecordsandemphasizebookkeeping,accounting,andthelike.inaccordancewithit,onesconceptionoftheworldisrelativetothelanguageonelearnswhiletherelativityhypothesis(假设)hasattractedconsiderableattention,ithasneverbeenexperimentallydemonstratedtothevalid.alargescaleattempttotesttheoutlookofhopi-speakingchildrenversusenglishspeakingchildrenturnedouttobeinconclusive.itremainsataskoffuturescholarstodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisvalidandalsowhetheroneshouldassumeaweakorstrongpositionwithregardtoit.clearlywearedeeplytiedtoournativelanguage.butwhetheritregulatesourperceptionsorourview