新概念英语第三册 Lesson2 知识点 讲义

PAGE1高中语法选讲：定语从句和同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句在形式以及它们在句中的位置上都很相似，但它们在句中的句法功能不同，所用的引导词也不完全一样。定语从句是形容词从句，其句法功能相当于一个形容词，与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况；同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，与前面的名词是同位关系，是对前面的名词作进一步解释，即说明它前面名词的内容。如：Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句）ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句）2.同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主系表”结构来表示，而定语从句则没有这种关系。如：Thenewsthathewonthefirstplaceistrue.他赢得冠军的消息是真的。（同位语从句）若用“主系表”结构来表示，则是：Thenewsisthathewonthefirstplace.那个消息是他赢得了冠军。定语从句的先行词可以是各类名词，而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只是news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，possibility等少数几个。引导定语从句的连接词有that，which，who，whom，whose，when，where，why等。引导同位从句的连接词有that，whether，when，where，how等。如：Thefactorywhich

thatwevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。（定语从句）I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.我从王先生那里得知一个消息，他今天下午不能来看你了。（同位语从句）定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句中起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。如：Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（定语从句，that在从句中作gave的宾语）Thefactthattheydidn’tfinishtheworkhastobefaced.必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。（同位语从句，that在从句中只起连接作用，引导从句解释fact的内容，不作任何句子成分）5.引导定语从句的连接词有时可以省去，而引导同位语从句的连接词则不可省去。如：I’llkeepthepromise（that

which）Imadetwoyearsago.我将履行两年前许下的诺言。（定语从句）ImakeapromisethatIwillwritetoyouassoonasIgettoBeijing.我许诺，我一到北京就给你写信。（同位语从句）6.when，where和why在引导定语从句和同位语从句时，它们的共同点是引导词在这两种从句中都可以充当状语。但是，定语从句前有相应的先行词，分别为表示时间、地点和原因状语的名词，而同位语从句前没有相应的名词。如：Istillrememberthedaywhen（=onwhich）IfirstcametoBeijing.我仍记得我第一次来北京的那一天。（定语从句）Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她何时才会回来。（同位语从句）课文长难句解读WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词后面，但为了保持句子平衡，也可以把谓语动词放到从句之前<1>定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰。定语从句的引导词：指人：主语who;宾语who/whom;定语whose表达事物：that(也可指人)/which时间状语：when;地点状语：where;原因状语：why<2>同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容同位语从句的引导词：名词做主语、宾语时，关系词用that而不是which时间when;地点where定语从句中没有what这个关系词，但它可以引导同位语从句eg:Anideacametoherthatshemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.(Anidea)…cometosb.某人突然想到了……theywerenottakenseriously.(they指代reports)takesth.seriously==dealwithsth.seriously认真（严肃）对待某事e.g:Ialwaystakeyoursuggestionsseriously.takesth.lightly:草率对待某事e.g:Don’ttakethehotpotatolightly.(hotpotaton.困境,烤马铃薯，棘手的问题)However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.Howeveradv.然而（起转折作用）as连词，随着，当….之时过去分词做定语thedescriptionsgivenbypeoplethestorytoldbysailor.(sailorn.海员,水手)abookwrittenbyLuxunclaimtohavedonesth声称曾经作过某事Heclaimedtohavebeenthemanagerofthelargeshop.Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.yardn.码，院子whereawomanpicking定语从句--IstillremembertheschoolwhereIstudiedEnglish.§Lesson2Thirteenequalsone十三等于一【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语◆equal v.等于◆raise v.募集；筹（款）◆vicar n.牧师◆torchlight n.电筒光★equal v.等于AequalB与…相匹敌Noneofuscanequalher,eitherinbeautyorasadancer.eg:MaryisquiteequaltoJohninbrains.beequalto+n:1.与…相匹敌2.有能力做某事to-介词eg:Iamequaltorunningthecompany.★raisev.募集；筹（款）raisemoney筹款raiseprice提高raiseahorse饲养raiseafamily供养raisewheet种植小麦raiseanarmy招募raiseashout发出喊声★vicar n.牧师★torchlight n.电筒光【Text】§Lesson2Thirteenequalsone十三等于一Ourvicarisalwaysraisingmoneyforonecauseoranother,buthehasnevermanagedtogetenoughmoneytohavethechurchclockrepaired.Thebigclockwhichusedtostrikethehoursdayandnightwasdamagedmanyyearsagoandhasbeensilenteversince.Onenight,however,ourvicarwokeupwithastart:theclockwasstrikingthehours!Lookingathiswatch,hesawthatitwasoneo'clock,butthebellstruckthirteentimesbeforeitstopped.Armedwithatorch,thevicarwentupintotheclocktowertoseewhatwasgoingon.Inthetorchlight,hecaughtsightofafigurewhomheimmediatelyrecognizedasBillWilkins,ourlocalgrocer.'WhateverareyoudoinguphereBill?'askedthevicarinsurprise.'I'mtryingtorepairthebell,'answeredBill.'I'vebeencomingupherenightafternightforweeksnow.Yousee,Iwashopingtogiveyouasurprise.''Youcertainlydidgivemeasurprise!'saidthevicar.'You'veprobablywokenupeveryoneinthevillageaswell.Still,I'mgladthebellisworkingagain.''That'sthetrouble,vicar,'answeredBill.'It'sworkingallright,butI'mafraidthatatoneo'clockitwillstrikethirteentimesandthere'snothingIcandoaboutit.''We'llgetusedtothat,Bill,'saidthevicar.'Thirteenisnotasgoodasone,butit'sbetterthannothing.Nowlet'sgodownstairsandhaveacupoftea.'【课文讲解】1.现在进行时和always等频度副词的搭配——表示说话人带有的情感色彩Tomisalwaysdoinghomework.Tomisalwaysdoeshishomework.Heisalwaysmakingnoises.2.oneoranother表示某种、这样或那样3.getenoughmoney筹集足够的资金来做某事Ihavetogetenoughmoneytohavemyhouserepaired.4.havethechurchclockrepairedhavesth.done找某人来做某事havetheplanerepairedhavehaircut某人所遭受到的意外某种情况主语必须是发出动作的人Hiswalletwasstolen.Hehadhiswalletstolen.5.usedto:过去常常做，而现在不再发生的事情了Heusedtosmokeeveryday.6.however用于口语，主要用于句首，作文中，最好用在句中、句尾，要用逗号分隔开来Hesaidthatitwasso,hewasmistake,however.or:Hesaidthatitwasso,however,hewasmistake.Iknowhisstory,however,Iwouldn’tliketotellyou.Iknowhisstory,I,however,wouldn’tliketotellyou.however可用neverthelessnonetheless替换7.start:惊跳、惊奇Eg:Thevoicemadehimstart.Whatastartyougiveme.你真吓了我一跳Hestoodupwithastart.8.before…才Nearlyaweekpastbeforehecouldexplainwhathadhappentohim.9.Armedwithatorch…现在分词和过去分词的用法looking分词做状语/定语时，一定要注意它和逻辑主语要呼应一致10.recognizedsbas认出某人是regardsbas,thinkofsbas,treatsbas(把某人对待为),haveonsbas（把某人尊敬为）11.whatever:ever用来加强语气12.nightafternight一夜连着一夜dayafterday/yearafteryear/weekafterweek/busafterbus13.youcertainlydidgiveme…did肯定句中常用do,did,does加强语气和情感色彩，一定要位于动词原形之前。Eg:Youdolikebeautytoday.aswell用在句尾相当于too,主要用在肯定句中，但比too所表达的语意更优秀still用于句首，用逗号分隔开来，表达一个转折的关系。虽然如此，但是getusedto,beusedtodo,beaccustomedto,getaccustomedto都表示习惯于get强调渐进的过程，be强调习惯了的状态Eg:Weareusedtothecoldweatherhere.Youwillgetusedtothecoldweatherhere.你很快会适应这寒冷的天气的。【Specialdifficulties】P20In1．prep表达惊奇，恐惧，失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用,在句中起状语的作用insurprise;inastonishment;inalarm;inembarrassment;inamazement;indespair;indismay;inanger;indisappointment2．prep表达以、用:用于语言，书写材料，色彩或声音等方面inEnglish;inpencil;inink;inafewwords;insuchahighvoice;inoil;inred;incode3,用于状态、情况或处境introuble;indifficulty;inbed;inahurry;indebt;inlovewithsb;intears;ingoodorder;ingoodrepair;ingoodhealth;inporhealth;inthebadmood;inthegoodmood;inhaste;inafavorofexcitement;inpoverty;inluxury【Exercise】Useaphrasewithininplaceofthewordsinitalics1Ilefthomeveryquicklysoasnottomissthetrain.2IsupposeIshallfinishthiseventually.3Intheearlymorningtherewasnotapersontobeseen.4ShallIwritewithapenorwithapencil?5Theyhaven’tmanyinterestswhichtheyshare.6Whyisthatlittlegirlcrying?【Multiplechoicequestions】多项选择题Comprehension理解1Thechurchclockdidnotworkbecause.aitwastooexpensivetorepairbitdisturbedthevicar’ssleepcBillWilkinsonlyworkedatnightdthebellhadbeenoutoforderformanyyears2ThevicarwassurprisedtoseeBillWilkinsintheclocktowerbecause.a.BillWilkinshadbeenhopingtosurprisehimb.itwasanunusualtimeandplacetofindhimc.hehadexpectedtofindafigured.theclockhadstruckthirteentimes3ThevicarofferedBillWilkinsacupofteabecause.a.hethoughtthatBillWilkinswasthirstyb.thankstohim,theclockwouldnowstrikeonceanhourc.hewasgratefulforthetroubleBillwilkinshadtakend.hewaspleasedtohavebeenwokenupfornothingStructure4Inthepastthebigclockthehours.(ll3-4)a.struckalwaysb.alwaysstruckc.wasalwaysstrikingd.hasalwaysbeenstriking5Itwasnot