(完整)高中六大从句讲解及练习题总结,推荐文档

1.主语从句1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：*Itisafact\apity\aquestion\goodnewsthat...*Itseems\appears\happened\hasturnedoutthat...*Itisclear\important\likely\possiblethat...*Itissaid\reported\hasbeenprovedthat...Itseemsthattheperformanceisveryuseful.2）what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。*Whatwelackisexperience.3）what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。*Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.*IdidnotknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.练习：Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom .That…thatyouhadexpectedWhat…thatyouhadexpectedThat…whatyouhadexpectedWhat…whatyouhadexpectedIt Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where2.宾语从句1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。inthat（因为）,exceptthat（除了）,butthat（只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接 that引导的宾语从句。IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation. （vt）AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.（prep）Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.（adj）Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.（ 介词的固定搭配）2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3)在think,believe,suppose,expect 等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。Hedidn'tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.练习：一Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?—TheyalwaysletmedoIthinkIshould .A.whenB.ThatC.howD.WhatPleaseremindme hesaidhewasgoing .Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.A .whereB. whenC. howD.whatMarywroteanarticleontheteamhadfailedtowinthegame .A .Why B. what C. whoD.ThatSomeoneisringingthedoorbellGoandseeA.whoishe B.whoheisC.whoisit D.whoitis3.表语从句表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等弓I导夕卜，还可由because,asif(though)等弓I导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.*PerhapsthemostimportantthingtorememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.*Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.*Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.练习：—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where.IhadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrellaIgotwetthrough.A.It'sthereasonB.That'swhyC.There'swhyD.It'show.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday 'sgame?---Oh,that's.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited.同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明， 一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how 等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。*Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.*IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.练习：.Thefact hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why.Hissuggestion themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.ithavenoidea hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./.Heoftenaskedmethequestion theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when.定语从句定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich;which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。*Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.*Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.当先行词是 all,anything,everything,something,nothing 等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词 that引导从句。*ThatisallthatI'veheardfromhim.*He'sthefirstpersonthatI'mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom!H导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。*Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.*Thisisoneofthosethings(which\that)wehavetoputupwith.引导定语从句的关系副词有 when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词 +which”的结构。*Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.练习：.Theplace interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich.Doyouknowtheman ?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke.Thisisthehotel lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed.Doyouknowtheyear theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich.Thatistheday I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.When*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。*Hepassedtheexam,whichsurprisedallofus.*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。*Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings*Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“ such...as”及“ thesame...as ”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。*Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.（as 代替先行词problems）*Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.（as代替主语）练习：.HeisgoodatEnglish, weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.What.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.Tha.LiMing, totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim.Theletterisfrommysister, isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.Who5.Ilostabook, Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat6.状语从句*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once 等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.2)as soonas,hardly,when,no sooner...than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.练习：Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.Wherever地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是 where,wherever.*Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.练习：Don’tleavetheknife ourlittleJanecangetit.A.inwhichB.towhichC.thatD.where原因、结果和目的状语从句)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat 等。*Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.引导结果状语从句的连词有： so...that,such...that,sothat,that,so 等。*MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat 等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。*Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.练习：Rosesneedspecialcare theycanlivethroughwinter.A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as*条件和让步状语从句1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有 if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,supposing等。*Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有 though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however ) 等。though,evenif等引导状语从句可转换成含有 as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词) +as+主语+谓语”。Nomatterwhatyoumay