数学专业词汇及翻译

TOC\o"1-5"\h\z一、字母顺序表1二、常用的数学英语表述7三、代数英语（高端）13一、字母顺序表1、数学专业词汇Aabsolutevalue绝对值accept接受acceptableregion接受域additivity可加性adjusted调整的alternativehypothesis对立假设analysis分析analysisofcovariance协方差分析analysisofvariance方差分析arithmeticmean算术平均值association相关性assumption假设assumptionchecking假设检验availability有效度average均值Bbalanced平衡的band带宽barchart条形图beta-distribution贝塔分布betweengroups组间的bias偏倚binomialdistribution二项分布binomialtest二项检验Ccalculate计算case个案category类别centerofgravity重心centraltendency中心趋势chi-squaredistribution卡方分布chi-squaretest卡方检验classify分类clusteranalysis聚类分析coefficient系数coefficientofcorrelation相关系数collinearity共线性column列compare比较comparison对照components构成，分量compound复合的confidenceinterval置信区间consistency一致性constant常数continuousvariable连续变量controlcharts控制图correlation相关covariance协方差covariancematrix协方差矩阵criticalpoint临界点criticalvalue临界值crosstab列联表cubic三次的，立方的cubicterm三次项cumulativedistributionfunction累加分布函数curveestimation曲线估计Ddata数据default默认的definition定义deletedresidual剔除残差densityfunction密度函数dependentvariable因变量description描述designofexperiment试验设计deviations差异df.(degreeoffreedom)自由度diagnostic诊断dimension维discretevariable离散变量discriminantfunction判别函数discriminatoryanalysis判别分析distance距离distribution分布D-optimaldesignD-优化设计Eeaqual相等effectsofinteraction交互效应efficiency有效性eigenvalue特征值equalsize等含量equation方程error误差estimate估计estimationofparameters参数估计estimations估计量evaluate衡量exactvalue精确值expectation期望expectedvalue期望值exponential指数的exponentialdistributon扌旨数分布extremevalue极值Ffactor因素，因子factoranalysis因子分析factorscore因子得分factorialdesigns析因设计factorialexperiment析因试验fit拟合fittedline拟合线fittedvalue拟合值fixedmodel固定模型fixedvariable固定变量fractionalfactorialdesign部分析因设计frequency频数F-testF检验fullfactorialdesign完全析因设计function函数Ggammadistribution伽玛分布geometriemean几何均值group组Hharmomicmean调和均值heterogeneity不齐性histogram直方图homogeneity齐性homogeneityofvariance方差齐性hypothesis假设hypothesistest假设检验Iindependence独立independentvariable自变量independent-samples独立样本index指数indexofcorrelation相关指数interaction交互作用interclasscorrelation组内相关intervalestimate区间估计intraclasscorrelation组间相关inverse倒数的iterate迭代Kkernal核Kolmogorov-Smirnovtest柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米诺夫检验kurtosis峰度Llargesampleproblem大样本问题layer层least-significantdifference最小显著差数least-squareestimation最小二乘估计least-squaremethod最小二乘法level水平levelofsignificance显著性水平leveragevalue中心化杠杆值life寿命lifetest寿命试验likelihoodfunction似然函数likelihoodratiotest似然比检验linear线性的linearestimator线性估计linearmodel线性模型linearregression线性回归linearrelation线性关系linearterm线性项logarithmic对数的logarithms对数logistic逻辑的lostfunction损失函数Mmaineffect主效应matrix矩阵maximum最大值maximumlikelihoodestimation极大似然估计meansquareddeviation(MSD)均方差meansumofsquare均方和measure衡量media中位数M-estimatorM估计minimum最小值missingvalues缺失值mixedmodel混合模型mode众数model模型MonteCarlemethod蒙特卡罗法movingaverage移动平均值multicollinearity多元共线性multiplecomparison多重比较multiplecorrelation多重相关multiplecorrelationcoefficient复相关系数multiplecorrelationcoefficient多元相关系数multipleregressionanalysis多元回归分析multipleregressionequation多元回归方程multipleresponse多响应multivariateanalysis多元分析Nnegativerelationship负相关nonadditively不可加性nonlinear非线性nonlinearregression非线性回归noparametrietests非参数检验normaldistribution正态分布nullhypothesis零假设numberofcases个案数Oone-sample单样本one-tailedtest单侧检验one-wayANOVA单向方差分析one-wayclassification单向分类optimal优化的optimumallocation最优配制order排序orderstatistics次序统计量origin原点orthogonal正交的outliers异常值Ppairedobservations成对观测数据paired-sample成对样本parameter参数parameterestimation参数估计partialcorrelation偏相关partialcorrelationcoefficient偏相关系数partialregressioncoefficient偏回归系数percent百分数percentiles百分位数piechart饼图pointestimate点估计poissondistribution泊松分布polynomialcurve多项式曲线polynomialregression多项式回归polynomials多项式positiverelationship正相关power幂P-PplotP-P概率图predict预测predictedvalue预测值predictionintervals预测区间principalcomponentanalysis主成分分析proability概率probabilitydensityfunction概率密度函数probitanalysis概率分析proportion比例Qqadratic二次的Q-QplotQ-Q概率图quadraticterm二次项qualitycontrol质量控制quantitative数量的，度量的quartiles四分位数Rrandom随机的randomnumber随机数randomnumber随机数randomsampling随机取样randomseed随机数种子randomvariable随机变量randomization随机化range极差rank秩rankcorrelation秩相关rankstatistic秩统计量regressionanalysis回归分析regressioncoefficient回归系数regressionline回归线reject拒绝rejectionregion拒绝域relationship关系reliability可*性repeated重复的report扌报告，扌报表residual残差residualsumofsquares剩余平方和response响应riskfunction风险函数robustness稳健性rootmeansquare标准差row行run游程runtest游程检验Sample样本samplesize样本容量samplespace样本空间sampling取样samplinginspection抽样检验scatterchart散点图S-curveS形曲线separately单独地sets集合signtest符号检验significance显著性significancelevel显著性水平significancetesting显著性检验significant显著的，有效的significantdigits有效数字skeweddistribution偏态分布skewness偏度smallsampleproblem小样本问题smooth平滑sort排序sorucesofvariation方差来源space空间spread扩展square平方standarddeviation标准离差standarderrorofmean均值的标准误差standardization标准化standardize标准化statistic统计量statisticalqualitycontrol统计质量控制std.residual标准残差stepwiseregressionanalysis逐步回归stimulus刺激strongassumption强假设stud.deletedresidual学生化剔除残差stud.residual学生化残差subsamples次级样本sufficientstatistic充分统计量sum和sumofsquares平方和summary概括，综述Ttable表t-distributiont分布test检验testcriterion检验判据testforlinearity线性检验testofgoodnessoffit拟合优度检验testofhomogeneity齐性检验testofindependence独立性检验testrules检验法则teststatistics检验统计量testingfunction检验函数timeseries时间序列tolerancelimits容许限total总共，和transformation转换treatment处理trimmedmean截尾均值truevalue真值t-testt检验two-tailedtest双侧检验Uunbalanced不平衡的unbiasedestimation无偏估计unbiasedness无偏性uniformdistribution均匀分布Vvalueofestimator估计值variable变量variance方差variancecomponents方差分量varianceratio方差比various不同的vector向量Wweight加权，权重weightedaverage加权平均值withingroups组内的ZZscoreZ分数2.最优化方法词汇英汉对照表Aactiveconstraint活动约束activesetmethod活动集法analyticgradient解析梯度approximate近似arbitrary强制性的argument变量attainmentfactor达到因子Bbandwidth带宽beequivalentto等价于best-fit最佳拟合bound边界Ccoefficient系数complex-value复数值component分量constant常数constrained有约束的constraint约束constraintfunction约束函数continuous连续的converge收敛cubicpolynomialinterpolationmethod三次多项式插值法curve-fitting曲线拟合Ddata-fitting数据拟合default默认的，默认的define定义diagonal对角的directsearchmethod直接搜索法directionofsearch搜索方向discontinuous不连续Eeigenvalue特征值emptymatrix空矩阵equality等式exceeded溢出的Ffeasible可行的feasiblesolution可行解finite-difference有限差分first-order一阶GGauss-Newtonmethod高斯-牛顿法goalattainmentproblem目标达到问题gradient梯度gradientmethod梯度法Hhandle句柄Hessianmatrix海色矩阵Independentvariables独立变量inequality不等式infeasibility不可行性infeasible不可行的initialfeasiblesolution初始可行解initialize初始化inverse逆invoke激活iteration迭代iteration迭代JJacobian雅可比矩阵LLagrangemultiplier拉格朗日乘子large-scale大型的leastsquare最小二乘leastsquaressense最小二乘意义上的Levenberg-Marquardtmethod列文伯格-马夸尔特法linesearch一维搜索linear线性的linearequalityconstraints线性等式约束linearprogrammingproblem线性规划问题localsolution局部解Mmedium-scale中型的minimize最小化mixedquadraticandcubicpolynomialinterpolationandextrapolationmethod混合二次、三次多项式内插、外插法

multiobjective多目标的Nnonlinear非线性的norm范数Oobjectivefunction目标函数observeddata测量数据optimizationroutine优化过程optimize优化optimizer求解器over-determinedsystem超定系统Pparameter参数partialderivatives偏导数polynomialinterpolationmethod多项式插值法Qquadratic二次的quadraticinterpolationmethod二次内插法quadraticprogramming二次规划Rreal-value实数值residuals残差robust稳健的robustness稳健性，鲁棒性Sscalar标量semi-infinitelyproblem半无限问题SequentialQuadraticProgrammingmethod序列二次规划法simplexsearchmethod单纯形法solution解sparsematrix稀疏矩阵sparsitypattern稀疏模式sparsitystructure稀疏结构startingpoint初女台点steplength步长subspacetrustregionmethod子空间置信域法sum-of-squares平方和symmetriematrix对称矩阵Tterminationmessage终止信息terminationtolerance终止容限theexitcondition退出条件themethodofsteepestdescent最速下降法transpose转置Uunconstrained无约束的under-determinedsystem负定系统Vvariable变量vector矢量Wweightingmatrix力口权矩阵3样条词汇英汉对照表Aapproximation逼近array数组asplineinb-form/b-splineb样条asplineofpolynomialpiece/ppformspline分段多项式样条Bbivariatesplinefunction二元样条函数break/breaks断点Ccoefficient/coefficients系数cubicinterpolation三次插值/三次内插cubicpolynomial三次多项式cubicsmoothingspline三次平滑样条cubicspline三次样条cubicsplineinterpolation三次样条插值/三次样条内插curve曲线Ddegreeoffreedom自由度dimension维数Eendconditions约束条件inputargument输入参数interpolation插值/内插interval取值区间Kknot/knots节点Lleast—squaresapproximation最小二乘拟合Mmultiplicity重次multivariatefunction多元函数Ooptionalargument可选参数order阶次outputargument输出参数Ppoint/points数据点Rrationalspline有理样条roundingerror舍入误差（相对误差）Sscalar标量sequence数列（数组）spline样条splineapproximation样条逼近/样条拟合splinefunction样条函数splinecurve样条曲线splineinterpolation样条插值/样条内插splinesurface样条曲面smoothingspline平滑样条Ttolerance允许精度Uunivariatefunction—元函数Vvector向量Wweight/weights权重4偏微分方程数值解词汇英汉对照表Aabsoluteerror绝对误差absolutetolerance绝对容限adaptivemesh适应性网格Bboundarycondition边界条件Ccontourplot等值线图converge收敛coordinate坐标系Ddecomposed分解的decomposedgeometrymatrix分解几何矩阵diagonalmatrix对角矩阵DirichletboundaryconditionsDirichlet边界条件Eeigenvalue特征值elliptic椭圆形的errorestimate误差估计exactsolution精确解GgeneralizedNeumannboundarycondition推广的Neumann边界条件geometry几何形状geometrydescriptionmatrix几何描述矩阵geometrymatrix几何矩阵graphicaluserinterface（GUI）图形用户界面Hhyperbolic双曲线的Iinitialmesh初始网格Jjiggle微调LLagrangemultipliers拉格朗日乘子Laplaceequation拉普拉斯方程linearinterpolation线性插值loop循环Mmachineprecision机器精度mixedboundarycondition混合边界条件NNeumanboundaryconditionNeuman边界条件nodepoint节点nonlinearsolver非线性求解器normalvector法向量PParabolic抛物线型的partialdifferentialequation偏微分方程planestrain平面应变planestress平面应力Poisson'sequation泊松方程polygon多边形positivedefinite正定Qquality质量Rrefinedtriangularmesh加密的三角形网格relativetolerance相对容限relativetolerance相对容限residual残差residualnorm残差范数Ssingular奇异的二、常用的数学英语表述1.Logic3thereexistVforallpnqpimpliesq/ifp,thenqpoqpifandonlyifq/pisequivalenttoq/pandqareequivalent2.Setsx^AxbelongstoA/xisanelement(oramember)ofAx年AxdoesnotbelongtoA/xisnotanelement(oramember)ofAAuBAiscontainedinB/AisasubsetofBAdBAcontainsB/BisasubsetofAAnBAcapB/AmeetB/AintersectionBAUBAcupB/AjoinB/AunionBA\BAminusB/thediferencebetweenAandBAxBAcrossB/thecartesianproductofAandBRealnumbersx+1xplusonex-1xminusonex±1xplusorminusonexyxy/xmultipliedbyy(x-y)(x+y)xminusy,xplusyxyxovery=theequalssignx=5xequals5/xisequalto5x^5x(is)notequalto5x三yxisequivalentto(oridenticalwith)yx三yxisnotequivalentto(oridenticalwith)yx>yxisgreaterthanyx>yxisgreaterthanorequaltoyx<yxislessthanyx<yxislessthanorequaltoy0<x<1zeroislessthanxislessthan10<x<1zeroislessthanorequaltoxislessthanorequalto1|x|modx/modulusxx2xsquared/x(raised)tothepower2x3xcubedx4xtothefourth/xtothepowerfourxnxtothenth/xtothepowernx-nxtothe(power)minusnx(square)rootx/thesquarerootofxx3cuberoot(of)xx4fourthroot(of)xxnnthroot(of)x(x+y)2xplusyallsquared(xy)2xoveryallsquaredn!nfactorialx人xhatx-xbarx~xtildexixi/xsubscripti/xsuffixi/xsubiZi=1naithesumfromiequalsonetonai/thesumasirunsfrom1tonoftheaiLinearalgebra||x||thenorm(ormodulus)ofxOA—OA/vectorOAOA-OA/thelengthofthesegmentOAATAtranspose/thetransposeofA

A1Ainverse/theinverseofAFunctionsf(x)fx/fofx/thefunctionfofxf:4TafunctionffromStoTx—yxmapstoy/xissent(ormapped)toyf'(x)fprimex/fdashx/the(firstd)erivativeoffwithrespecttoxf''(x)fdouble-primex/fdouble-dashx/thesecondderivativeoffwithrespecttoxf'''x()triple-primex/ftriple-dashx/thethirdderivativeoffwithrespecttoxf(4)(x)ffourx/thefourthderivativeoffwithrespecttoxfx1thepartial(derivative)offwithrespecttox12fx12thesecondpartial(derivative)offwithrespecttox1JO8theintegralfromzerotoinfinitylimx—0limx—O+limx—Ologeythelimitasxapproacheszerolimx—0limx—O+limx—Ologeythelimitasxapproacheszerofromabovethelimitasxapproacheszerofrombelowlnylogytothebasee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog(of)ylnylogytothebasee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog(of)y一般词汇数学mathematics,maths(BrE),math(AmE)公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses(pl.)命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus(prep.),add(v.),addition(n.)被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus(prep.),subtract(v.)s,ubtraction(n.)被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times(prep.),multiply(v.)m,ultiplication(n.)被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby(prep.),divide(v.)d,ivision(n.)被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binarysystem十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight,significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae(pl.)单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower开方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthroot集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range常量constant变量variable单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite(a.)infinity(n.)无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definiteintegral不定积分indefiniteintegral有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber复数complexnumber矩阵matrix行列式determinant几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width附：在一个分数里，分子或分母或两者均含有分数。也叫compoundfraction.具体读法没有统一。一般是先读分子部分，再读分母部分，中间加上dividedby例如：Oneminusfourfifthplusonethirddividedbytwotimestwothirdplusonesecond为表达清楚，往往在数字前面加上分子和分母，例如：Numeratoroneminusfourfifthplusonethirddividedbydenominatortwotimestwothirdplusonesecond分子1减5分之4加3分之1除以分母2乘以3分之2加2分之1三、代数英语（高端）(0,2)插值||(0,2)interpolation0#||zero-sharp;读作零井或零开。0+||zero-dagger;读作零正。1-因子||1-factor3-流形||3-manifold;又称“三维流形”。AIC准贝9||AICcriterion,AkaikeinformationcriterionAp权||Ap-weightA稳定性||A-stability,absolutestabilityA最优设计||A-optimaldesignBCH码||BCHcode,Bose-Chaudhuri-HocquenghemcodeBIC准贝9||BICcriterion,BayesianmodificationoftheAICBMOA函数"analyticfunctionofboundedmeanoscillation;全称"有界平均振动解析函数”。BMO鞅||BMOmartingaleBSD猜想||BirchandSwinnerton-Dyerconjecture;全称“伯奇与斯温纳顿一戴尔猜想”。B样条||B-splineC*代数||C*-algebra;读作“C星代数”。C0类函数"functionofclassC0;又称"连续函数类”。CAT准贝9||CATcriterion,criterionforautoregressiveCM域||CMfieldCN群||CN-groupCW复形的同调||homologyofCWcomplexCW复形||CWcomplexCW复形的同伦群"homotopygroupofCWcomplexesCW剖分||CWdecompositionCn类函数"functionofclassCn;又称“n次连续可微函数类”。Cp统计量||Cp-statisticC。类半群||semi-groupofclassC。Cx类函数"functionofclassC«;又称“无穷次连续可微函数类”。C⑴类函数"functionofclassC⑴；又称“实解析类函数类”。DF空间||(DF)-space;—种可数的拟桶型空间。D最优设计||D-optimaldesignE最优设计||E-optimaldesignF分布||F-distribution,FisherdistributionF检验||F-testFPE准贝9||FPEcriterion,finalpredictionerrorcriterionFo集||FosetG等价态射||G-equivalentmorphismG6集||G6setG结构||G-structureG最优设计||G-optimaldesignH'空间||H'-spaceHom函子||HomfunctorHp空间||Hp-space;又称"哈代空间”。Hp鞅||Hp-martingaleH空间||H-spaceI进拓扑||l-adictopologyK拟共形映射||K-quasi-conformalmappingKAM理论||Kolmogorov-Arnold-MosertheoryKC方程||Kolmogorov-Chapmanequation;全称“科尔莫戈罗夫一查普曼方程”。KdV方程||KdVequation,Korteweg-deVriesequationLp空间||Lp-spaceL估计||L-estimatorLF空间||(LF)-space;弗雷歇空间序列的严格归纳极限。LR方法||LRmethodLS临界点||LScriticalpointLS临界值||LScriticalvalueM估计||M-estimatorNP问题||NPproblemPI代数I|algebrawithpolynomialidentities,Pl-algebraPRD格式||Peaceman-Rachford-Douglasscheme;全称"皮斯曼一拉什福德一道格拉斯格式”。P函数||P-functionP基||P-basisQ过程||Q-processQ矩阵||Q-matrixQR方法||QRmethodQR分解||QRdecompositionR估计||R-estimatorR模范畴"categoryofR-modulesR-S码||Reed-SolomoncodeRSA体制||RSAsystem,Rivest-Shamir-AdelmansystemSL问题||Sturm-Liouvilleboundaryproblem;全称"施图姆-刘维尔边值问题”。S概形||S-schemeS态射||S-morphismTO空间||T0spaceT1空间||T1spaceT2空间||T2spaceT2拓扑空间的基本群"fundamentalgroupofT2topologicalspaceT2拓扑群||T2-topologicalgroup;又称“豪斯多夫拓扑群(Hausdorfftopologicalgroup)”。T2拓扑群的完全化"completionofT2-topologicalgroupU估计||U-estimator［巴拿赫*代数的］*表示||*-representation［ofBanach*-algebra］［巴拿赫代数的］表示"representation［ofBanachalgebra］［成］对分布方法||pairsdistributionmethod［乘］幕法||powermethod［代］码||code［顶］点独立数I|vertexindependentnumber［顶］点覆盖||vertexcover［顶］点覆盖数||vertexcovernumber［顶］点连通度||vertexconnectivity［非线性］弗雷德霍姆算子||［non-linear］Fredholmoperator［非线性］紧算子||［non-linear］compactoperator［非线性］全连续算子||［non-linear］completelycontinuousoperator［赋范环元的］谱||spectrum［ofelementinnormedring］［高斯-］赛德尔迭代［法川［Gauss-］Seideliteration［固］定步长||fixedstepsize［轨］迹||trail［积分变换的］核||kernelofintegraltransform［集］半环||semi-ringofsets［交换巴拿赫代数的］根"radical［ofcommutativeBanachalgebra］［可］变步长"variablestepsize［零元的］基本邻域系||fundamentalsystemofneighborhoodsofzeroelement［施瓦兹］广义函数||［Schwartz］generalizedfunction,distribution［数学］期望||［mathematical］expectation［顺］序极限||orderlimit［顺］序收敛性||orderconvergence［统计］决策函数"statisticaldecisionfunction［无穷小］生成元"infinitesimalgenerator［样本］轨道||path,trajectory［有限］差分|［difference,finitedifference［正］方形网格||squarenet,squaremesh［自］适应积分||［self-］adaptiveintegration［自］适应系统"adaptivesystemd群||d-groupd重嵌入||d-upleimbeddingk分图||k-narygraphk重混合条件||k-foldmixingconditionIp空间||lp-spaceI进表示||l-adicrepresentationI进上同调||l-adiccohomologyn步决策||n-stagedecisionn次空间曲线||spacecurveofordernn连通［的］||n-connectedn人常和对策||n-personconstant-sumgamen人对策||n-persongamen人合作对策||n-personcooperativegamen人零和对策||n-personzero-sumgamen人一般和对策||n-persongeneralsumgamen次微分［形］式||n-form;简称“n形式”。n单空间||n-simplespacen立方图||n-cuben元运