语法四次讲座练习答案

简单句的结5主+不及物动词（1不及物动词不能加宾语，2不及物动词没有语态主+系动词+表语（1系动词后面可以加形容词做表语，2系动词没有语态主+及物动词+宾语（有语态主+Thisproblem无主+系动词+Thisisa无IhavefinishedthisThisjobhasbeenThiscompanyhasgivenmeagoodopportunity.IhavebeengivenagoodHissuccesshasencouragedmetofurthermystudy.Ihavebeenencouragedtofurthermystudy.介宾短语一般充当状语、定语和表语，介词就是inatonfor,from,of这样的词例：EnvironmentalproblemsintheUnitedStatesareincreasinglysevere.例：IntheUnitedStates,environmentalproblemsareincreasingly例：IwasintheUnited例：Thisisanexpensivecourse.例：Thisisaparentingcourse.例：Thisisacost-savingcourse.例：Nowadaysmanycountrieshavefacedbudgetpressuresinfundingthepublic例：Inunderdevelopedcountriesmanypeoplecannotfindjobs例 ernmenthasspentenormousmoneyonhealthcare,animportant例：Iwillgoshop例：IwillgoshopwhenIhave状语从句的特点是词（譬如说as,since,because,although,so,sothat,unless,once,when,while,before,after）连接两个句子条件状语从句：ifwhenonce,aslong原因状语从句：since,as,soso让步状语从句：althougheventhougheven课后思可数名词前面加the是表示特指吗？不可数名词前面加the为什么becauseofdespite,inspiteofdueto为什么不及物动词没有语态为什么therebe+somethingtherehas课后思考题的答可数名词前面加the是表示特指吗？不可数名词前面加the可数名词前面加the未必是特指，可能是说某种东西。譬如说”theyliveinthecity.”然而，可数名词的复数一般不加the,1：Peopletodayhaveafastlifestyle.（没有特指，指任何人2：Thepeopleinurbanareashaveafastlifestyle.（特指，住在城市的人）不可数名词前面加the一定是特指。1：Informationhasadirectimpactonthesuccessofcompanies.（没有特指，指任2theinformationinthiscomputerislimited.（特指，某个电脑里的信息）因此，不特指的时候，不可数名词不要加the。Thismanishappy.Heisahappyman.Themainishappily(错).为什么becauseofdespite,inspiteofdueto等加名词不能充当连词的功能？譬如说“Hehasmoneybecauseofthishetravelsalot.改成“Hehasmoneybecauseofthishetravelsalot”（“；”类似于连词5个常用单句，或者是结构。很多同学语不写e动词譬如说“hemayfired”错误改成“hemaybefired”为什么不及物动词没有语态主动转的时候，一般是原句的宾语变成主语。Internationalaidcansolvesomeproblems.语态：someproblemscanbesolvedbyinternational为什么therebe+somethingtherehasTherebe+something是倒装，原句是“somethingbethere”（主系表的结构），如果是“somethinghasthere”很明显不恰当therearemanyproblemsin还原：manyproblemsarethereinsociety.Manyproblemshavethereinsociety.（错误）Aidorganisationscandeliveraidtopeopleinunderdevelopedcountries,therebyimprovinglivingstandards（aidorganisations，不可能提高生Peopleinunderdevelopedcountriescanreceiveaid,therebyimprovingliving（主语变成了21：Musiccanstimulateachild’sbrainandcontributetoeducational2：Studentsareencouragedtoparticipateinculturalactivitiesandcommunicatewiththosefromavarietyofbackgrounds.正确的答案：Manycountries,especiallydevelocountries,haveenvironmental正确的答案：Environmentalproblemsexistinmanycountries,especially(in)develocountries.结构：主+inmanycountries”介宾短语充当状语；develocountries是同位语，一般紧跟在修饰的名词的后面注：也可以说thereexistsomeenvironmentalproblemsinsomecountries.这句话是someenvironmentalproblemsexisthereinsomecountries.学生的答案：Manycountries,especiallydevelocountries,existenvironmental1：exist2：problem正确的答案：Environmentalproblemshave eincreasinglyseriousindevelo结构：主+系动词+表语“indevelocountries”介宾短语充当状语；注：increasingly比moreandmore更加好，在这个情况下注：environmentalproblems=environmentalissues=environmentalwoesSerious=severe学生的答案：Environmentalproblemshavebeen eseriouslyinthedevelo错误 e两个系动2：seriously错误3：develocountries已经是复数，除非特指，否则不需要加定冠词注：使用havebeen ing现在完成进行时态不恰当，因为要用一般完成时态强正确的答案：Thehighunemploymentratelevelofunemploymentremainsaproblem,eveninthosedevelopedcountries.remainsaproblemisstillathesoaringunemploymentrate也可以使用，去替换Thehighunemployment “indevelocountries”介宾短语充当状语；even副词充学生的答案：highunemploymentrateisremainedaproblemevenifinthosedeveloped1：rate可数名词，应该加定冠词。错误2：remain系动词，没有语态3：evenif和eventhoughalthough正确的答案：Thedevelopmentofthetourismindustrycaneffectivelypromoteeconomicgrowth,especiallyinremoteareas.结构：主+及物动词+宾语ofthetourismindustry介宾短语充当后置定语；inremoteareas介宾短语充当状语；可以用boost,stimulate来替代promote注：这句话里面也可以用WILL或者belikelyto，而不只是CAN注：efficiently强调的是办事的速度，effectively强调办事的结果注：growth不可数名词学生的答案：Thedevelopmentoftourismindustrycontributetoeffectivelypromoteeconomicgrowth,especiallyinremoteareas.1：industry2：contributetoto是介词，后面不能加动词3：developmentcontributeto主谓不一致1：Travelagenciesprovidetouristswithenormousinformationabout结构：主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语aboutdestinations2：Travelagenciesprovide/offerenormousinformationfortouristsabout注：enormous=agreatdealofahugeamount3：Travelagenciesoffertouristsenormous学生的答案：Travelagenciesprovidetouristalargenumberofinformationsabout1：providesomebodywithsomething2：alargenumberof后面应该加可数名词的复数；agreatmany,alargenumberof,avarietyof,various...后面加可数名词的复数1：Studyingoverseasallows/enablespeopletostudy/acquire/learnforeignlanguages,suchasEnglish.结构：主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语suchasEnglish同位语studyingabroad2：Studyingabroadcanmakepeoplestudyforeignlanguages,suchasSuchas=for学生的答案：Studyoverseasallowspeoplestudyforeignlanguagessuchasstudy1：Studyoverseas2：allowssomebodytodosomething才是正确的结构3：suchas后面只能加名词正确的答案：mostofthetimeglobalizationcanmakethecultureofacountrywell-注：也可以说acountry’sculture=thecultureofa注：Mostofthetime可以用inmanycases,moreoftenthannot学生的答案：inmosttime,globalizationcanmakethecultureofacountrybewell-1：inmosttimeinmanytimes2：makesomethingbe或者tobe正确的答案：povertyexistsinmanycountries,soauthoritiesshouldtakeactionstosolvethisproblem. 从句：主+及物动词+宾语“tosolvethisproblem” 注：needto等于需要的意思，should注：可以说manycountriessufferfrompovertystrugglewith学生的答案：povertyexistsinmanycountries,therefore,the ernmentshouldtotakestepstotacklepoverty.1：therefore和thushence,however如果使用therefore,应该是：povertyexistsinmanycountries;therefore,theauthoritiesshouldtakeactionstosolvethisproblem.2：should后面要加动词3：tacklepoverty有点多余，用代词it正确的答案：Whilelivingstandardshaveimproved,environmentalproblemshave increasinglysevere.可以说”livingstandardshavebeenimproved”学生的答案：AStheimprovementofpeople’sdailylife,environmentalproblemseincreasing1：AS2：increasing是分词，不能修饰形容词3：不能用过去时态正确的答案：Althoughthedevelopmentofthetourismindustryhaseffectivelypromotedeconomicgrowth,itmayposeaseriousthreattothelocalculture. 从句：主+及物动词+宾语让步状语从学生的答案：Despitethedevelopmentoftourismindustryeffectivelypromoteseconomicgrowth,theywillposeaseriousthreattolocalculture.1：tourismindustry，可数名词没有冠词错误2：they代词确，应该是it3：localculture，可数名词没有冠词4：Despite是介词，不能加句子正确的答案：Acountryshouldacceptoverseasinvestmentbecausethehighunemploymentrateisstillaproblem. 注：accept是接受，RECEIVE是客观收到学生的答案：Duetothereareunemploymentrate,countryshouldacceptoverseas1：Dueto2：country正确的答案：Foreignenterprisesbringtechnologyandcapital,aslongasthe permitstheseenterprisestosetuptheiroffices. 从句：主+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语条件状语注：Providedthataslong注：也可以 学生的答案：Foreignfirmsbringthetechnologyandmoney,whenthe ernmentallowthecompaniesopentheiroffices.错误 ernmentallow主谓不一2：allowsomebodytodosomething正确的答案：whencommunicatingwithlocalstouristscandeepentheirunderstandingofthelocalculture.也就是：whentouristscommunicatewithlocals,theycandeepentheirunderstandingofthelocalculture.haveabetterunderstandingofsomethinghaveaninsightintosomething”去替换“deepentheirunderstandingof”注：状语从句如果从句主语和主句主语一致，那么可以when,while,beforeafter,或者ifalthoughonce结构：主句：主+及物动词+宾语从句：主+学生的答案：whencommunicatinglocalstouristscandeepentheirunderstandingoflocal1：communicate2：culture可数名词，应该加定冠词正确的答案：Touristscanbringrevenuestolocalsthereby/thusenablinglocalcommunitiestobreakthecycleofpoverty. 现在分词“thusenablinglocalcommunities…”充 getridofpoverty,shakeoffpoverty,tacklepoverty等都可以locals=localpeople学生的答案：Touristcanbringhigh etolocals,thereforeletlocalcommunitiesbreakthecycleofpoverty.1：Tourist可数名词，没有冠词，也没有复数2：therefore是副词，不是连词宾语从句：Ithinkthateducationcanbeexpensiveformany表语从句：Thefactisthateducationcanbeexpensiveformany主语从句：Itistruethateducationcanbeexpensiveformany同位语从句：Manypeoplegiveupeducationduetothefactthateducationcanbeexpensiveforthem.一，That或者whether二，Whathow,why,whenwherewhichHowHowSomepeopledonotrealisehowimportanttheinvestmentinartistotheir从句还原：theinvestmentinartisimportanttotheirHow完整的句子，表示“如何，怎样”的意思Theernmentdoesnotknowhowitcancurbcrime.从句还原：itcancurbcrime.whatWhatPeopledonotknowwhattheycandotoimprovetheirstandardsofTheycandosomethingtoimprovetheirstandardsofWhat ernmentdoesnotknowwhatpolicyitcanimpleenttoimprovepeople’sstandardsofliving.从句还原：Itcanimplementthepolicytoimprovepeople’sstandardsof可以制订法律来抑制拓展：我认为可以制订法律来抑制拓展：众所周知的是（itisgenerallyacceptedthat），在教育系统上的投资对年轻人口不断化拓展：对医疗服务（healthservice）的需求不断增加，出于一个事实：人口不断化有些人在艺术上投资拓展：这解释了为什么有些人在艺术上投资课后语什么时候what什么时候how为什么that和whether为什么同位语从句后面一般都是跟着thatwhether,whathowHowwellchildrenperformintheclassroomcouldbelinkedtohowphysicallyactivetheyarehow引导的名词性从句，从句怎么还原？差别是什么？翻译练习：人们对于在网络控制（mediacensorship）上要行驶什么角色有不课后语法思考题的什么时候what例子：manystudentsdonotknowwhatproblemstheycanencounterintheworking从句：theycanencounterintheworkingworld（缺乏宾语什么时候how例子：manyparentsdonotknowhowtheycancommunicatewithchildren从句：theycancommunicatewithchildreneffectively（完整的句子How例子：manyparentsdonothowimportantitistocommunicatewiththeir从句：itistocommunicatewiththeirchildren.（从句少了个表语，importantimportant放进去，才完整itisimportanttocommunicatewiththeirFactidea,notionargumentnews为什么that和whether因为that一般是引导一个事实，一个确认的事情，而whether例子：Thereiscontroversyoverwhetheritisnecessarytoimposetougherpunishmentonroadoffences.因为是controversy（有争议的事情），所以不可能是加为什么同位语从句后面一般都是跟着thatwhether,whathowfactnotion，所以后面一般只会加that,而whether，what,how等一般都是疑问。Howwellchildrenperformintheclassroomcouldbelinkedtohowphysicallyactivetheyarehow引导的名词性从句，从句怎么还原？差别是什么？HowwellchildrenperformintheclassroomWell是副词childrenperformwellintheclassroom.howphysicallyactivetheyareactive从句还原：theyarephysicallyThereisdisagreementaboutwhatroletheernmentshouldplayinmedia如何将这句话转化成以how或者whatWeshouldacknowledgethatmusiccanplayaveryimportantroleinayoungchild'sHOW：weshouldrealisehowimportantmusicistoayoungchild'sdevelopment.WHAT:weshouldrealisewhatrolemusicplaysinayoungchild'sdevelopment名词性从句练习的翻译答可以制订法律来抑制拓展：我认为可以制订法律来抑制正确：Ibelievethat ernmentcanenactlawstocurb注：restrict是限制某个事情，但是这个事情不是完全,譬如说restricttheaccesstoheritagesitescurbordeter注：Ibelievethat的thatcurbcrimes也可以，但是“curbcrime”更常见；crime可数也是不可数名词，当你表示不同的时候，用可数学生的句子：Ibelieve ernmentcanmakelawstorestrain错误 ernment前面要加2：makelaws不是习惯搭配，formulatelawsenforcelaws,enact3：restraincrime不是习惯搭配，combatcrimereduce拓展：众所周知的是（itisgenerallyacceptedthat），在教育系统上的投资对年轻正确：Itisgenerallyacceptedthat ernmentinvestmentintheeducationsystemisimportanttothefutureofyoungpeople.可以用publicexpenditureon去替 ernmentinvestment ernment，而是investment，所以不用the investment.Investment既是可数，也是不可数名词 ernmentinvestment固定搭配注：因为你只是想说在艺术上所有的投资，而不是不同的投资或者分开的投资，所以就不用investments.学生的句子：Itisgenerallyacceptedthat ernmentinvestmentsontheeducationsystemisimportanttothefutureofyoungpeople.错误1： ernmentinvestments…is…主谓不一致错误2：on介词错误，应该是investmentin.正确：Theproblemisthat ernmentsometimeshasbudget注：要 ernments,要么authorities；如果不是特指，很少会说the注faces或者encounters去替代hasencounters是表示“遇到”的意学生的句子：Thequestionisthat ernmentoccasionallyhasbudget1：question用词不当，这里的问题是trouble,problem的意思。2：occasionally用词不当，意思是“偶尔地”人口不断化拓展：对医疗服务（healthservice）的需求不断增加，出于一个事实：人口不断化正确：Thegrowingdemandforhealthserviceliesinthefactthatthepopulationisrapidly正确：Thedemandforhealthserviceisgrowingduetothefactthatthepopulationisrapidlyageing.句子结构：同位语从句。从句是主+Dueto名词充当原因状语主句的主语是demand，“forhealthservice”是后置定语，修饰主语注：demand是表示对某东西的“需求”，强调“量”；而need是表示对某东西的注：不能说“continueageingcontinuetodo注：duetothefactthat在这里可以改成“because学生的句子：Therequirementofhealthserviceisgrowingitisduetothefactthatthepopulationisrapidageing.1：requirement是要求，demand是需求量2：of介词错误，应该是demandfor.3：rapid4：这是两个句子，“itis正确：Thereiscontroversyoverwhethertough/severe/harshpunishmentcandeterdrink注：deter可以用curb替换drinkdriving=drunk“itremainsunclearitiscontroversialwhetherthereisdebatewhether”去替代“thereiscontroversyoverwhether”注：也可以说“whetheriscontroversial”，这是主语从句；这些东西不重要，不要注：over,onabout1：Thereiscontroversialoverthatwhethertoughpunishmentcandeterdrink1：controversial是形容词，不能充当主语。2：that和whether不能连用注：therebesomethingsomebody是倒装结构。Something2：Aboutwhetherstrictpunishmentscandeterdrunkdrivingremainsacontroversialissue.正确 ernmentdoesnotknowhowtoimproveroad注：从句还原是howthe ernmentimprovesroadsafety,因为the ernment也是主句的主语，所以可以写成howtoimproveroadsafety.正确 ernmentdoesnotknowwhatcanbedonetoimproveroadsomethingcanbedonetoimproveroadsafety.然后“what”指代的something ernmentdoesnotknowwhatmeasurescanbeadoptedtoimproveroad学生的句子 ernmentdonotknowwhattheycandotoimproveroad错误1：they指代不 错误 ernmentdo主谓不一正确：Somepeoplearecuriousabouthowtravellingoverseascanexpand注：可以说increasebroadenwidenknowledge注：不可以说overseastravellingforeign学生的句子：Somepeoplearecuriousabouthowcantraveloverseascontributetoexpandourknowledge.1：contributeto后面要加名词，甚至动名词也很少，而expand是动词。2：travel是动词，不能作为主语。正确：Offendersdonotknowhowharmfultheirbehaviouristothebenefitsofother还原从句：theirbehaviourisharmfultothebenefitsofother注：otherpeople可以用others注：因为是特指“otherpeople”的benefits，所以应该用学生的句子：Offendersdonotknowhowharmfulistheirbehaviourtotheprofitof1：is2：profit3：other是形容词，Of有些人在艺术上投资拓展：这解释了为什么有些人在艺术上投资正确：Itexplainswhysomepeopleobjecttotheinvestmentin注：objectto是固定搭配，to是介词;objecttopeopleareagainsttheinvestmentinart一般是狭义的艺术，譬如说雕塑和绘画；theartsthearts学生的句子：Itexplainswhysomepeopleopposetotheinvestmentinarts.1：oppose是及物动词，类似于objectto(objectto后面也要加名词).2：arts前面一般要加theart前面不需要加the么whom或者which可以省略。1：Studentswhohaveinborntalentscanattendadditional从句：whohaveinborn从句还原：studentshaveinborn主句：StudentscanattendadditionalWherewhen,inwhich,bywhich出现的时候，定语从句一般是个完整的句子，例2：Childrenareraisedinanenvironmentwheretheyareexposedto从句：where=inwhich,inwhichtheyareexposedto从句还原：intheenvironment,theyareexposedto主句：Childrenareraisedinanenvironment例句：Hehastwochildren,whostudyin意思：他有且只有，都只能限定限定（或者是特指）词例句：Hehastwochildrenwhostudy意思：他不只，其中很多学生都没有接受大学教育，这对他们的职业是个。10020001002000男生的数目比的数目高，在2000年，男生占了（accountfor）大学生的70%。主句：男生的数目比的数目高(outnumber)，在2000年。课后语为什么why,wherewhen后面的句子是完整的句子，而which和who后面的句子例子：Manyschoolsfocusonbrightstudentswhoarenormallynotsatisfiedwithordinary课后语法思考题的例子：manystudentscannowstudyineliteuniversities,whichimprovestheirjob等于manystudentscannowstudyineliteuniversitiessotheycanimprovetheirjob例子：IfstudentsgetintotopuniversitiestheycanimprovetheirjobStudentswhogetintotopuniversitiescanimprovetheirjob例子：PeopleareinterestedinuniversitieswhicharereputableandimprovetheirjobPeopleareinterestedinreputableuniversities,whichcanimprovetheirjob为什么why,wherewhen后面的句子是完整的句子，而which和who后面的句子因为在使用why,where,when的时候，先行词是充当从句的状语一部分，而不充当从例子：Peopleprefertostudyinuniversitieswheretheyareexposedtodifferent从句还原：inuniversities,peopleareexposedtodifferent在使用who和which例子：Peopleprefertostudyinuniversitieswhichhavestudentsfromall从句还原：universitieshavestudentsfromall6.That一些特定的名词，譬如说notionnewsconcernThisisanideathatwedonotsupport（限定idea,也有其他idea我们是可能支持的）Wedefytheideathatauniversitydegreeisthepredictorofone’ssuccess.（解释idea的内容是素Ideasupport正确的答案：Universitiescanprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentswhomeetadmission还原：students先行词，充当从句meetadmissionrequirements注：admissionrequirements=entryrequirements; 你也可以说meetentrancestandards；注：entrance是“”的意思，而“entry”虽然也有“”的意思，但是一般不是实际意义的“”，譬如说馆，要用ENTRANCE，而不是ENTRY注：should表示“一定要”，“can”表示“可以”。在这里用“should”也可以，如注：“studentsmeetingadmissionrequirements”分词不是很好，因为常暗指表示动作学生的答案：Universitiescanprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentswhomeetsadmissiondemand.1：studentsmeets2：demand一般是强调数量的需求，而这里应该用正确的答案：Childrenareinfluencedbythepeoplethattheymeetevery还原：peopletheymeet的宾语。Thatwhom代替，注：everyday可以用indailylives替换注：children前不要加the,因为不是特指学生的答案：Childrenareinfluencedbythepeoplewhotheymeet1：everyday是个形容词，不能修饰动词，要说every2：who用词不对，应该是whom，因为people是meet正确的答案：Universitiesshoulddesignmorecoursesthatmeetstudents还原：courses先行词，充当从句meetstudentsneeds.satisfyone’sneed,suitstudentscaterforstudentsneeds学生的答案：Universityshoulddesignmorecurriculumsmeetsstudents1：curriculum是表示课程大纲的意思，不能够替换courses2：meets主谓不一致，从句的动词和先行词需要主谓一致3：requirements是要求的意思，而这里是“需要”4：that或者which正确的答案：Studentsshouldknowhowtohandletheproblemsthattheyencounterindailylives.还原：problems先行词，充当theyencounter从句的宾语。That这个时候可以写替换词：handledealwith注：也可以说problemsfacingthemeverydayproblemswhicharefacingthemeveryday.学生的答案：Studentsneedknowhowtohandleproblemsthattheymeetin1：need一般是need2：meet用词不当，meet一般是遇到人比较多，而不是3：inreality=infact,在这里不恰当，可以说inreallife很多学生都没有接受大学教育，这对他们的职业是个。正确的答案：manystudentsdonotreceiveacollegeeducationwhichisachallengetotheircareers.还原：非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子。Which是修饰前面的名词，还是修饰句子，学生的答案：alargeamountofstudentsdonotacceptcollegeeducationwhichareachallengetotheircareers.注：acollegeeducationauniversityeducationatertiaryeducation注：这句话不要用完成时态“manystudentshavenotyetreceivedacollegeeducation”，注：numerous也可以修饰人，作为many注：mostof后面经常会特定指某个范围的人或者物，譬如说“mostofthestudentsinChina”，特指是的学生的大多数，而“moststudents”只是说大多数学生。1：alargeamountof不能修饰人2：acollegeeducation习惯说法4：accept用词错误，这是表示“认可，同意，愿意接受”正确的答案：Manyuniversitystudentsprefertostayincities,wheretheycanfinddecentjobsaftergraduation.注：preferto可以用tendtobeinclinedto还原：先行词cities，充当从句in的宾语(where=inwhich)，incitiestheycanfinddecentjobsaftergraduation.学生的答案：Manyuniversitystudentsprefertostayincitiesaftergraduationwherecanfinddecentjobs.1：aftergraduation不应该是句子的先行词，所以不应该在where的前面2：应该用非限制性定语从句，强调只要在城市就能找到工作。3：where正确的答案：Universitystudentscanparticipateinvolunteerwork,throughwhichtheycanimproveskills.还原：先行词volunteerwork充当从句through的宾语，throughvolunteerwork,theycanimproveskills.也可以用bywhich,inwhich注：从句也可以写成“whichenablesthemtoimprove学生的答案：Universitystudentscanparticipateinvolunteerworks,throughwhichcanimproveskills.1：works2：throughwhich10020001002000正确的答案：Thenumberofuniversitystudentsremainedat1millionuntil2000afterwhichthenumberrosedramatically.2000after的宾语，after2000thenumberrosedramatically。afterthatafterthat，因为这是状语，不能够连接两个句子。2000年，所以整句话用过去时态。注：不要用maintain学生的答案：Thenumberofuniversitystudentshasremainedat1millionuntil2000afterwhichthenumberrosedramatically.1：hasremained2000年前，应该是过去时态2：应该要有非限制性定语从句男生的数目比的数目高，在2000年，男生占了（accountfor）大学生主句：男生的数目比的数目高(outnumber)，在2000年正确的答案：Menoutnumberedwomenin2000whentheyaccountedfor70ofuniversitystudents.2000,充当从句in的宾语(when=inwhich)，in2000,theyaccountedfor70%ofuniversitystudents.学生的答案：thenumberofmenoutnumberedthenumberofwomenin2000whenthenumberaccountedfor70%ofuniversitystudents.1：outnumber就是表示数字上超过，不需要再写thenumber2：”thenumberaccountedfor”复杂3大从句，分词结构和并列句的有效和合理的利用。拓展：人们现在将自己的利益放在首位（givepriorityto），因此他们对别人的利益不感。拓展：我觉得人们现在将自己的利益放在首位（givepriorityto），因此他们对别人的利益不感。3，城市的率越来越高拓展：城市的率越来越高，这导致了人和人缺乏信任，以及人们之间的交流减少拓展：上网（onlineactivity）占据人们很多时间和导致人们减少运动，这对他们的健康Apermanentjoballowspeopletopurchasenecessities.拓展后的句子：Apermanentjoballowspeopletopurchasenecessitiesandmaintainabasicstandardofliving.练习1：理论知识提高学生的学习能力（inlectualskills）。(如何拓展？可以写什么并练习2：气候变化对野生动物的生存构成。(如何拓展？可以写什么并列句？)3：城市扩展会破坏乡村的景致。(如何拓展？可以写什么并列句？)4：有些人认为燃油税可以抑制私人汽车的使用。(如何拓展？可以写什么并列1Airtravelcancauseenvironmentalproblemsduetothefactthataircraftscanproduceexhaustfumes.2：AirtravelcancauseenvironmentalproblemsBecauseaircraftscanproduceexhaustfumes.3：Airtravelcancauseenvironmentalproblemsduetothefactthatproduceexhaust语法课Duetothefactthatinviewofthefactthat…是同位语从句，so引导是结果状是不是以that引导的名词性从句是最有效的复杂句语法课后思考题的Duetothefactthatinviewofthefactthat…是同位语从句，so引导是结果状最好不要。因为duetothefactthat或者inviewofthefactthat表示原因，意味着主句会是结果，如果还写so，就太繁琐。例子：inviewofthefactthatfuelisincreasinglyexpensivepeoplemaygiveupprivatecarownership,soairqualityistoimprove.改正：inviewofthefactthatfuelisincreasinglyexpensivepeoplemaygiveupprivatecarownershipandairqualityistoimprove.例子：IfpeoplesurftheInterneteveryday,theymayleadaninactivelifestyle.改为定语从句：PeoplewhosurftheInterneteverydaymayleadaninactive例子：Manypeopletodayleadaninactivelifestylesotheyhavetosufferfromhealthproblems.改为定语从句：Manypeopletodayleadaninactivelifestyle,whichhascontributedtotheirhealthproblems.例子：Sittinglonghoursinfront evisioncancausemanyhealth改为状语从句：ifwesitlonghoursinfrontofevision,itmaycausemanyhealth例子：Parentsdonotknowhowtocommunicatewiththeirchildren.例子：Schoolsarealsoconcernedabouthowwellstudentsachieveintheas,becausesince,consideringthat引导然后是结果状语从句，以so引导最后是条件状语从句，以ifonce,providedthat小作文里，whilealthough引导的状语从句也很常用，尤其是是不是以that引导的名词性从句是最有效的复杂句譬如说：itistruethat,itisworthnotingthatitisworthmentioningthatitshouldberealisedthat…等都是表示强调，或者突出观点。有些同位语从句，譬如说duetothefactthatdespitethefactthatinviewofthefact例：Children’ssocialdevelopmentisimportantbecausetheycannotworkalonetofinishjobsinmoderntimes.使用inviewofthefactthat：Children’ssocialdevelopmentisimportantinviewofthefactthattheycannotworkalonetofinishjobsinmoderntimes.然而，很多同学会过分依赖这些that引导的从句，这样会让考官，认为你是背好例：Somepeoplebelievethatphysicalactivityisimportanttochildren,becauseitcanboostschoolperformance.名词性从句放到后面，这样就有一定的变化：Somepeoplerecognisetheimportanceofphysicalactivitytochildren,becausetheythinkthatitcanboostschoolperformance.复杂句翻译的答正确的句子：Itisobvious/evident/apparentthatbecauseoftherisingcostoflivingpeoplespendenormoustimeworking.注：spendtime ngsomething也可注：可以用“obviously”取代“itisobviousthat分析：Itisobviousthat主语从句；“peoplespendenormoustimeworking”从句主语谓语宾结构；“becauseoftherisingcostofliving”介词+宾语作原因状语学生的句子：Itisapparentlythatbecausethecostoflivingrisingpeoplespendenormoustimeonworking.错误1：because后面要加句子，但是rising并不是动词，不能独立作谓语，只是分词错误2：spendtimein ng正常的搭配3：apparently拓展：人们现在将自己的利益放在首位（givepriorityto），因此他们对别人的利益不感。拓展：我觉得人们现在将自己的利益放在首位（givepriorityto），因此他们对别人的利益不感。正确的句子：Ithinkthatpeopletodaygiveprioritytotheirownbenefits,sotheyarenotinterestedinotherpeople’s.注：Otherpeople’s也可以写成others’others是名词性的单词，而other是形容词。注：interested过去分词，因为人们因为某种有趣的（interesting）东西而被吸引。分析：Ithinkthat宾语从句；so引导结果状语从句；peopletodaygiveprioritytotheirownbenefits；peopletodaygiveprioritytotheirownbenefits主语谓语宾结构学生的句子：Ithinkthatpeopletodaygiveprioritytohisownbenefits,sotheyarenotinterestedinother’s.1：his指代不了前面的2：othe