英语演讲选修课chapter-2-topic教材课件

Chapter2SelectingatopicandpurposeChapter2Selectingatopicand1Today’sscheduleChoosingatopicDeterminingthepurposeTipsforformulatingthespecificpurposePhrasingthecentralideaToday’sschedule2SelectingatopicSpeechesoutsidetheclassroomtheoccasion,theaudience,thespeaker’squalificationsSpeechesinthepublicspeakingclassnodesignatedtopicSelectingatopicSpeechesouts3英语演讲选修课chapter-2-topic教材课件4Whatisasuitablespeechtopic?WorthwhileAppropriateLimitedinscopeWhatisasuitablespeechtopi5SuitabletopicWorthwhilesignificantimplicationsfortheaudienceAppropriate

knowalot,liketolearnmoreLimitedinscopedividingthetopicintoseveralsignificantparts.SuitabletopicWorthwhile6DeterminingyourpurposeDeterminingyourpurpose7Generalpurpose:thebroadgoal总体目标Toinform:conveyinformationenhancetheknowledgeandunderstandingTopersuade:advocateorpartisanChangeorstructuretheattitudesoractionsDifference:explainorexhortSpecificpurpose具体目标toinformmyaudienceabout…topersuademyaudienceto…Explain←→exhortGeneralpurpose:thebroadgoa8SpecificPurposeSpecificpurpose:(singleinfinitivephrasethatstatespreciselywhataspeakerhopestoaccomplishinhisorherspeech.).简单的肯定句Topic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:ToinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergencySpecificPurposeSpecificpurpo9TipsforformulatingthespecificpurposestatementTip1:Writethepurposestatementasafullinfinitivephrase(完整的短语）,notasafragment（片段）CalendarsToinformmyaudienceaboutthethreemajorkindsofcalendarsusedintheworldtoday.Tipsforformulatingthespeci10历法主要分为阳历、阴历和阴阳历三种。阳历亦即太阳历，主要根据地球绕太阳一周为一年，现时国际通用的公历（格里历）即为阳历的一种，亦简称为阳历；阴历亦称月亮历，主要根据月亮绕地球运行一周时间为一个月（29.59059天），大月30天，小月29天，一年12个月354天或355天，伊斯兰历即为阴历的一种；阴阳历以月亮绕地球一周为1个月，但设置闰月，使得一年的平均天数与太阳年的天数相符，因此这种历法与月相相符，也与地球绕太阳周期运动相符合。农历就是阴阳历的一种。历法主要分为阳历、阴历和阴阳历三种。阳历亦即太阳历，主要根据11Tip2

Expressyourpurposeasastatement,notasaquestion

陈述句•

Ineffective:IsChina’sspaceprogramnecessary?Tip2

Expressyourpurposeas12Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatChina’sspaceprogramprovidesmanyimportantbenefitstopeoplehereonearth.

Moreeffective:13Tip3Avoidfigurativelanguage比喻语言Toinformmyaudiencethatyogaisextremelycool.Toinformmyaudiencehowyogacanimprovetheirhealth.

Tip3Avoidfigurativelangua14

Tip4Limityourpurposestatementtoone

distinctidea,oronemainpoint

•Ineffective:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDSandtherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.

•

Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDS.ToinformmyaudienceabouttherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.

Tip4Limityourpurposestat15Tip5

MakesureyourspecificpurposeisnottoovagueorgeneralTip5

Makesureyourspecific16ExampleIneffective:

Topersuademyaudiencethatsomethingmustbedoneaboutmedicalcare.MoreEffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldadoptasystemofnationalhealthinsuranceforallpeopleinChina.Example17QuestionstoaskaboutyourspecificpurposeDoesmypurposemeettheassignment?CanIaccomplishmypurposeinthetimeallotted?Isthepurposerelevanttomyaudience?Isthepurposetootrivialformyaudience?Isthepurposetootechnicalformyaudience?Questionstoaskaboutyoursp18Phrasingthecentralidea

(Alsocalledthesisstatement,subjectsentence,majorthought)

Whatisthecentralidea?GuidelinesforthecentralideaPhrasingthecentralidea

(A19Whatisthecentralidea?Aone-sentencestatementthatsumsupthemajorideasofaspeech.Itiswhatyouwanttheaudiencetoabsorbfromyourspeech.Inpersuasivespeechesarguable,debatable,takeyourstanceIninformativespeechesrelativelyneutralandobjectiveWhatisthecentralidea?Aone20Thespecificpurposeofaspeechiswhatyouhopetoaccomplish.Thecentralideaisaconcisestatementofwhatyouexpecttosay.Thespecificpurposeofaspee21ExampleOneTopic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:Toinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergency.Centralidea:Themajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergencyaresurveyingthescene,contactinganemergencymedicalservice,andstartingCPRifneeded.ExampleOneTopic:Em22ExampleTwoTopic:Alternative-fuelvehiclesGeneralpurpose:TopersuadeSpecificpurpose:Topersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldspeedupeffortstodevelopalternative-fuelvehicles.Centralidea:Developingalternative-fuelvehicleswillhelpreduceChina’sdependenceonforeignoilandwillhelpreduceairpollution.ExampleTwoTopic:Al23GuidelinesforthecentralideaThecentralidea1.Shouldbeexpressedinafullsentence2.shouldnotbeintheformofaquestion.3.shouldavoidfigurativelanguage4.shouldnotbevagueoroverlygeneralGuidelinesforthecentralide24英语演讲选修课chapter-2-topic教材课件25Exercises:thecentralideaIneffective:ProblemsoffaddietsIneffective:Maldivesisanawesomeplaceforavacation.Exercises:thecentralideaIne26MoreeffectiveonesAlthoughfaddietsproducequickweightloss,theycanleadtoseriousproblemsbycreatingdeficienciesinvitaminsandmineralsandbybreakingdownmuscletissueaswellasfat.Maldiveshasmanyattractionsforvocations,includingawarmclimate,excellentfood,andmanyhistoricalsitesMoreeffectiveonesAlthoughfa27SummarySelectingatopicDeterminingyourgeneralpurposeDeterminingyourspecificpurposePhrasingyourcentralideaSummarySelectingatopic28FourbrainstormingproceduresMakeaquickinventoryofyourhobbies,interests,skills,experiences,beliefs,andsoforth.Usethetechniqueofclusteringandwritedownonasheetofpaperthefirsttopicsthatcometomindinseveralcategories.LookthroughareferenceworkforideasUseaWorldWideWebsubjectdirectorysuchasYahootohelpyouscanpossibletopic.FourbrainstormingproceduresM29

Thankyouverymuchforyourattention!英语演讲选修课chapter-2-topic教材课件30Chapter2SelectingatopicandpurposeChapter2Selectingatopicand31Today’sscheduleChoosingatopicDeterminingthepurposeTipsforformulatingthespecificpurposePhrasingthecentralideaToday’sschedule32SelectingatopicSpeechesoutsidetheclassroomtheoccasion,theaudience,thespeaker’squalificationsSpeechesinthepublicspeakingclassnodesignatedtopicSelectingatopicSpeechesouts33英语演讲选修课chapter-2-topic教材课件34Whatisasuitablespeechtopic?WorthwhileAppropriateLimitedinscopeWhatisasuitablespeechtopi35SuitabletopicWorthwhilesignificantimplicationsfortheaudienceAppropriate

knowalot,liketolearnmoreLimitedinscopedividingthetopicintoseveralsignificantparts.SuitabletopicWorthwhile36DeterminingyourpurposeDeterminingyourpurpose37Generalpurpose:thebroadgoal总体目标Toinform:conveyinformationenhancetheknowledgeandunderstandingTopersuade:advocateorpartisanChangeorstructuretheattitudesoractionsDifference:explainorexhortSpecificpurpose具体目标toinformmyaudienceabout…topersuademyaudienceto…Explain←→exhortGeneralpurpose:thebroadgoa38SpecificPurposeSpecificpurpose:(singleinfinitivephrasethatstatespreciselywhataspeakerhopestoaccomplishinhisorherspeech.).简单的肯定句Topic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:ToinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergencySpecificPurposeSpecificpurpo39TipsforformulatingthespecificpurposestatementTip1:Writethepurposestatementasafullinfinitivephrase(完整的短语）,notasafragment（片段）CalendarsToinformmyaudienceaboutthethreemajorkindsofcalendarsusedintheworldtoday.Tipsforformulatingthespeci40历法主要分为阳历、阴历和阴阳历三种。阳历亦即太阳历，主要根据地球绕太阳一周为一年，现时国际通用的公历（格里历）即为阳历的一种，亦简称为阳历；阴历亦称月亮历，主要根据月亮绕地球运行一周时间为一个月（29.59059天），大月30天，小月29天，一年12个月354天或355天，伊斯兰历即为阴历的一种；阴阳历以月亮绕地球一周为1个月，但设置闰月，使得一年的平均天数与太阳年的天数相符，因此这种历法与月相相符，也与地球绕太阳周期运动相符合。农历就是阴阳历的一种。历法主要分为阳历、阴历和阴阳历三种。阳历亦即太阳历，主要根据41Tip2

Expressyourpurposeasastatement,notasaquestion

陈述句•

Ineffective:IsChina’sspaceprogramnecessary?Tip2

Expressyourpurposeas42Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatChina’sspaceprogramprovidesmanyimportantbenefitstopeoplehereonearth.

Moreeffective:43Tip3Avoidfigurativelanguage比喻语言Toinformmyaudiencethatyogaisextremelycool.Toinformmyaudiencehowyogacanimprovetheirhealth.

Tip3Avoidfigurativelangua44

Tip4Limityourpurposestatementtoone

distinctidea,oronemainpoint

•Ineffective:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDSandtherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.

•

Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDS.ToinformmyaudienceabouttherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.

Tip4Limityourpurposestat45Tip5

MakesureyourspecificpurposeisnottoovagueorgeneralTip5

Makesureyourspecific46ExampleIneffective:

Topersuademyaudiencethatsomethingmustbedoneaboutmedicalcare.MoreEffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldadoptasystemofnationalhealthinsuranceforallpeopleinChina.Example47QuestionstoaskaboutyourspecificpurposeDoesmypurposemeettheassignment?CanIaccomplishmypurposeinthetimeallotted?Isthepurposerelevanttomyaudience?Isthepurposetootrivialformyaudience?Isthepurposetootechnicalformyaudience?Questionstoaskaboutyoursp48Phrasingthecentralidea

(Alsocalledthesisstatement,subjectsentence,majorthought)

Whatisthecentralidea?GuidelinesforthecentralideaPhrasingthecentralidea

(A49Whatisthecentralidea?Aone-sentencestatementthatsumsupthemajorideasofaspeech.Itiswhatyouwanttheaudiencetoabsorbfromyourspeech.Inpersuasivespeechesarguable,debatable,takeyourstanceIninformativespeechesrelativelyneutralandobjectiveWhatisthecentralidea?Aone50Thespecificpurposeofaspeechiswhatyouhopetoaccomplish.Thecentralideaisaconcisestatementofwhatyouexpecttosay.Thespecificpurposeofaspee51ExampleOneTopic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:Toinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergency.Centralidea:Themajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergencyaresurveyingthescene,contactinganemergencymedicalservice,andstartingCPRifneeded.ExampleOneTopic:Em52ExampleTwoTopic:Alternative-fuelvehiclesGeneralpurpose:TopersuadeSpecificpurpose:Topersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldspeedupeffortstodevelopalternative-fuelvehicles.Centralidea:Developingalternative-fuelvehicleswillhelpreduceChina’sdependenceonforeignoilandwillhelpreduceairpollution.ExampleTwoTopic:Al53GuidelinesforthecentralideaThecentralidea1.Shouldbeexpressedinafullsentence2.shouldnotbeinth