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大学英语四级阅读理解训练大学英语四级阅读理解训练大学英语四级阅读理解训练资料仅供参考文件编号:2022年4月大学英语四级阅读理解训练版本号:A修改号:1页次:1.0审核:批准:发布日期:大学英语四级阅读理解训练(一)Classified
advertising
is
that
advertising
which
is
grouped
in
certain
sections
of
the
paper
and
is
thus
distinguished
from
display
advertising.
Such
groupings
as
“Help
Wanted”,
“Real
Estate”,
“Lost
and
Found”
are
made,
the
rate
charged
being
less
than
for
display
advertising.
Classified
advertisements
are
a
convenience
to
the
reader
and
a
saving
to
the
advertiser.
The
reader
who
is
interested
in
a
particular
kind
of
advertisement
finds
all
advertisements
of
that
type
grouped
for
him.
The
advertisers
may,
on
this
account,
use
a
very
small
advertisement
if
it
were
placed
among
larger
advertisements
in
the
paper.
It
is
evident
that
the
reader
approaches
the
classified
advertisement
in
a
different
frame
of
mind
from
that
in
which
he
approaches
the
other
advertisements
in
the
paper.
He
turns
to
a
page
of
classified
advertisements
to
search
for
the
particular
advertisement
that
will
meet
his
needs.
As
his
attention
is
voluntary,
the
advertiser
does
not
need
to
rely
too
much
extent
on
display
type
to
get
the
reader’s
attention.
Formerly
all
classified
advertisements
were
of
the
same
size
and
did
not
have
display
type.
With
the
increase
in
the
number
of
such
advertisements,
however,
each
advertiser
within
a
certain
group
is
competing
with
others
in
the
same
group
for
the
reader’s
attention.
In
many
cases,
the
result
has
been
an
increase
in
the
size
of
the
space
used
and
the
addition
of
headlines
and
pictures.
In
that
way,
the
classified
advertisement
has
in
reality
advertisement.
This
is
particularly
true
of
real
estate
advertising?
1.
All
of
the
following
facts
are
advantages
of
classified
advertisement
for
advertisers
EXCEPT
that
____.
A)
classified
advertisement
charges
less
money
B)
it
is
easier
to
attract
the
attention
of
the
target
consumers
C)
it
provides
more
information
for
the
readers
D)
it
does
not
have
to
rely
too
much
on
display
type
2.
One
of
the
examples
given
of
types
of
classified
advertisement
is
____
A)
houses
for
sale
B)
people
who
are
asking
for
help
C)
people
who
are
lost
D)
job
vacancies
3.
What
sort
of
attitude
do
people
have
when
they
look
at
classified
advertisement,
according
to
the
writer?
A)
They
are
in
the
frame
of
mind
to
buy
anything.
B)
They
are
looking
for
something
they
need.
C)
They
feel
lost
because
there
are
so
many
advertisements.
D)
They
feel
the
same
as
when
they
look
at
display
advertisements.
4.According
to
the
passage,
in
which
way
have
the
classified
advertisements
changed
nowadays?
A)
They
depend
more
on
display
type.
B)
More
money
is
charged
for
them.
C)
They
are
divided
into
more
groups.
D)
They
are
less
formal.
5.Why
have
classified
advertisements
changed
in
appearance?
A)
Because
people
no
longer
want
headlines
and
pictures.
B)
Because
real
estate
advertising
is
particularly
truthful
now.
C)
Because
the
increase
in
the
number
of
such
advertisements
means
they
have
to
be
small
now.
D)
Because
there
are
more
advertisements
now
and
more
competition
among
advertisers.
答案与解析:
1.
C
分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可看出,分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式,以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力,因此A,B,D都正确。文中唯独没有提到C。
2.
A
房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。本题考察对“Real
Estate”的理解,它的意思是“房地产”,故选项A
正确。
3.
B
当读者看分类广告时,他们会搜索自己需要的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可知,读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一样的,他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别,查找所需信息。故选项B正确。
4.
A
根据文章,分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最后指出,由于竞争的加剧,分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。故选项A正确。
5.
D
因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧,所以分类广告不断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出,分类广告的变化是由于“With
the
increase
in
the
number
of
such
advertisements,
however,
each
advertiser
within
a
certain
group
is
competing
with
others
in
the
same
group
for
the
reader’s
attention”,故选项D正确。大学英语四级阅读理解训练(二)
Psychologists
take
opposing
views
of
how
external
rewards,
from
warm
praise
to
old
cash,
affect
motivation
and
creativity.
Behaviorists,
who
study
the
relation
between
actions
and,
argue
that
rewards
can
improve
performance
at
work
and
school.
Some
other
researchers
who
study
various
aspects
of
mental
life,
maintain
those
rewards
often
destroy
creativity
byencouraging
dependence
on
approval
and
gifts
from
others.
The
latter
view
has
gained
many
supporters,
especially
among
educators.
But
the
careful
use
of
small
monetary
rewards
sparks
in
grade-school
children
suggesting
that
properly
presented
inducements
indeed
aid
inventiveness,
according
to
a
study
in
the
June
Journal
Personality
and
Social
Psychology.
“If
they
know
they're
working
for
a
reward
and
can
focus
on
a
relatively
challenging
task,
they
show
the
most
creativity,”
says
Robert
Esenberger
of
the
University
of
Delaware
in
Newark.
“But
it's
easy
to
kill
creativity
by
giving
rewards
for
poor
performance
or
creating
too
much
anticipation
for
rewards.”
A
teacher
who
continually
draws
attention
to
rewards
or
who
hands
out
high
grades
for
ordinary
achievement
ends
up
with
uninspired
students,
Esenberger
holds.
As
an
example
of
the
latter
point,
he
notes
growing
efforts
at
major
universities
to
tighten
grading
standards
and
restore
falling
grades.
In
earlier
grades,
the
use
of
so-called
token
economics,
in
which
students
handle
challenging
problems
and
receive
performance-based
points
toward
valued
rewards,
shows
promise
in
raising
effort
and
creativity,
the
Delaware
psychologist
claims.
1.
Psychologists
are
divided
with
regard
to
their
attitudes
toward
____.
A)
the
choice
between
spiritual
encouragement
and
monetary
rewards
B)
the
appropriate
amount
of
external
rewards
C)
the
study
of
relationship
between
actions
and
D)
the
effects
of
external
rewards
on
students'
performance
2.
What
is
the
view
held
by
many
educators
concerning
external
rewards
for
students?
A)
They
approve
of
external
rewards.
B)
They
don't
think
external
rewards.
C)
They
have
doubts
about
external
rewards.
D)
They
believe
external
rewards
can
motivate
small
children,
but
not
college
students.
3.
According
to
the
result
of
the
study
mentioned
in
the
passage,
what
should
educators
do
to
stimulate
motivation
and
creativity?
A)
Give
rewards
for
performances
which
deserve
them.
B)
Always
promise
rewards.
C)
Assign
tasks
which
are
not
very
challenging.
D)
Be
more
lenient
to
students
when
mistakes
are
made.
4.
It
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
that
major
universities
are
trying
to
tighten
their
grading
standards
because
they
believe
____.
A)
rewarding
poor
performance
may
kill
the
creativity
of
students’
B)
punishment
is
more
effective
than
rewarding
C)
failing
uninspired
students
helps
improve
their
overall
academic
standards
D)
discouraging
the
students
anticipation
for
easy
rewards
is
matter
of
urgency
5.Which
of
the
following
facts
about
“token
economics”
is
not
correct?
A)
Students
are
assigned
challenging
tasks.
B)
Rewards
are
given
for
good
performances.
C)
Students
are
evaluated
according
to
the
effort
they
put
into
the
task.
D)
With
token
economics,
students’
creativity
can
be
enhanced.
答案与解析:
1.
D
心理学家认为外界的奖励对学生会有不同的影响。事实辨析题。根据文章第一句话“Psychologists
take
opposing
views
of
how
external
re
wards,
from
warm
praise
to
old
cash,
affect
motivation
and
creativity”可知,心理学家的分歧在于来自外界的奖励对学生的积极性和创造性究竟有什么影响,故选项D正确.
2.
C
许多教育家对外界的奖励持怀疑态度。
文章第二段第一句话提到,后一种观点得到了许多教育工作者的支持,从第一段中可知,后一种观点是:奖励会促使学生对别人的赞许和馈赠产生依赖心理,因此奖励会破坏创造精神。由此可知,他们对奖励的正面作用持怀疑态度。故选项C正确。
3.
A
根据文中的研究结果表明,教育家通过给予学生应得的奖励来提高他们的积极性和创造性。文章第三段指出,给予学生恰当的奖励,可使他们发挥更大的创造性,但如果对糟糕的表现也给予奖励,或让学生对奖励有太多的期许,反而会扼杀创造性。故选项A正确。
4.
B
从文中可以得知,一些重点大学试图加强等级标准,因为他们相信惩罚比奖励更有效。事实辨析题。从文中第四段可知,许多大学之所以严格考试的评分标准,是因为“A
teacher
...
who
hands
out
high
grades
for
ordinary
achievement
ends
up
with
uninspired
students”。选项B
与此意相同。
5.
C
根据学生的表现对他们作出评价。事实辨析题。根据最后一段的意思,在这种奖励制度下,要根据学生的表现对他们做出评价,而不仅仅是他们花费了多少精力来完成任务,故选项C正确。
大学英语四级阅读理解训练(三)
country.This
may
occur
as
an
attempt
to
over-identify
with
the
new
culture
in
order
to
be
accepted
by
the
people
in
it.
1.The
expression
"he
or
she
is
like
fish
out
of
water"suggests
______.
a.people
away
from
their
cultures
can
hardly
survive
in
a
new
culture
b.a
fish
can
not
survive
without
water
c.people
away
from
their
culture
experience
mental
isolation
d.people
away
from
their
culture
have
difficulties
in
new
environment
2.In
order
to
identify
with
the
new
environment,some
people
may
______.
a.give
an
exaggerated
picture
of
their
own
country
b.criticize
the
positive
aspects
of
their
own
county
c.abandon
their
original
beliefs
d.accept
a
temporary
set
of
values
3.Which
of
the
following
statements
is
true
according
to
the
author?
a.Perplexity
results
in
culture
shock.
b.A
typical
symptom
of
cultur
shock
is
confusion.
c.Culture
shock
is
the
explanation
of
anxiety.
d.Culture
shock
happens
to
foreign
students
only.
4.Newcomer
may
worry
about
______.
a.their
ignorance
of
the
alien
customs
b.their
knowledge
of
"Yes"
in
the
native
language
c.their
understanding
of
friendship
d.their
control
of
their
behavior
5.When
the
foreign
visitor
is
immersed
in
new
problems
he
finds
hard
to
cope
whith,he
is
most
likely
to
feel
______.
a.uninsured
b.deprived
c.alienated
d.baffled
答案:c
d
a
d
b
c
大学英语四级阅读理解训练(八)
Social
change
is
more
likely
to
occur
in
societies
where
there
is
a
mixture
of
different
kinds
of
people
than
in
societies
where
people
are
similar
in
many
ways.
The
simple
reason
for
this
is
that
there
are
more
different
ways
of
looking
at
things
present
in
the
first
kind
of
society.
There
are
more
ideas,
more
disagreements
in
interest,
and
more
groups
and
organizations
with
different
beliefs.
In
addition,
there
is
usually
a
greater
worldly
interest
and
greater
tolerance
in
mixed
societies.
All
these
factors
tend
to
promote
social
change
by
opening
more
areas
of
life
to
decision.
In
a
society
where
people
are
quite
similar
in
many
ways,
there
are
fewer
occasions
for
people
to
see
the
need
or
the
opportunity
for
change
because
everything
seems
to
be
the
same.
And
although
conditions
may
not
be
satisfactory,
they
are
at
least
customary
and
undisputed.
Within
a
society,
social
change
is
also
likely
to
occur
more
frequently
and
more
readily
in
the
material
aspects
of
the
culture
than
in
the
non-material,
for
example,
in
technology
rather
than
in
values;
in
what
has
been
learned
later
in
life
rather
than
what
was
learned
early;
in
the
less
basic
and
less
emotional
aspects
of
society
than
in
their
opposites;
in
the
simple
elements
rather
than
in
the
complex
ones;
in
form
rather
than
in
substance;
and
in
elements
that
are
acceptable
to
the
culture
rather
than
in
strange
elements.
Furthermore,
social
change
is
easier
if
it
is
gradual.
For
example,
it
comes
more
readily
in
human
relations
on
a
continuous
scale
rather
than
one
with
sharp
dichotomies.
This
is
one
reason
why
change
has
not
come
more
quickly
to
Black
Americans
as
compared
to
other
American
minorities,
because
of
the
sharp
difference
in
appearance
between
them
and
their
white
counterparts.
1.The
passage
is
mainly
discussing
__________
.
a.the
necessity
of
social
change
b.certain
factors
that
determine
the
ease
with
which
social
changes
occur
c.two
different
societies
d.certain
factors
that
promote
social
change
2.______
is
one
of
the
factors
that
tend
to
promote
social
change.
a.Joint
interest
b.Different
points
of
view
c.Less
emotional
people
d.Advanced
technology
3.According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
a.Social
change
tends
to
meet
with
more
difficulty
in
basic
and
emotional
aspects
of
society.
b.Disagreement
with
and
argument
about
conditions
tend
to
slow
down
social
change.
c.Social
change
is
more
likely
to
occur
in
the
material
aspect
of
society.
d.Social
change
is
less
likely
to
occur
in
what
people
learned
when
they
were
young.
4.The
expression
"greater
tolerance"(paragraph
1)
refers
to
_____
.
a."greater
willingness
to
accept
social
change"
b."quicker
adaptation
to
changing
circumstances"
c."more
respect
for
different
beliefs
and
behavior"
d."geeater
readiness
to
agree
to
different
opinions
and
ideas"
5.Social
change
is
less
likely
to
occur
in
a
society
where
people
are
quite
similar
in
many
ways
because
________
.
a.people
there
have
got
so
accustomed
to
their
conditions
that
they
seldom
think
it
necessary
to
change
b.people
there
have
identical
needs
that
can
be
satisfied
without
much
difficulty
c.people
there
are
easy
to
please
d.people
there
are
less
disputed
答案:b
b
b
c
a
大学英语四级阅读理解训练(九)
As
a
reliable
travel
agency,
we
really
do
try
to
describe
our
centers
and
accommodation
as
realistically
as
possible.
All
our
Super
Centers
and
Main
Centers
have
been
extensively
investigated
during
the
winter
season
1975-1976.
As
a
result
we
have
first-hand
information
on
the
way
in
which
hotels,
life
networks
and
ski
schools,
etc.
operate
during
the
season.
We
have
not
been
able
to
investigate,
at
first
hand,
all
our
Independent
Centers
during
the
last
season
but
all
have
been
visited
during
the
past
three
seasons.
Should
you
need
any
more
information
about
these
centers
we
will
try
to
get
it
for
you.
Our
American
centers
have
been
investigated
on
our
behalf
by
United
Airlines
Tours
Department
and
by
the
U.
S.
tour
operators
who
are
assisting
United
and
ourselves
to
offer
you
this
novel
program
to
the
Where
possible
we
have
eliminated
the
use
of
superlatives
from
the
text
(possibly
making
our
brochure(小册子)
less
attractive
to
read
than
it
might
be)
and
have
concentrated
on
as
accurate
a
description
as
possible.
Nevertheless
you
should
bear
in
mind
that
your
opinion
and
the
opinion
of
our
investigator
might
differ
and
there
may
be
changes
between
the
time
of
a
visit
by
our
investigator
and
the
visit
of
one
of
our
customers.
We
trust
that
it
is
evident
to
you
that
we
have
done
all
in
our
power
to
eliminate
misdescription
and
that
there
really
is
no
question
of
misrepresenta-tion
on
our
part—either
careless
or
otherwise.
We
welcome
your
constructive
criticism—it
is
the
best
way
we
know
of
improving
our
brochures
and
our
service.
Although
complaints
are
very
expensive
to
handle,
your
complaint
or
criticism
will
be
thoroughly
investigated
and
a
refund
(退赔
)
made
if
it
is
justified—none
will
be
made
if
it
isn"t.
26.
The
firm
claims
that
all
its
winter
sports
centers
have
been
the
recent
target
of
A.
a
program
of
personal
visits
B.
intensive
enquiries
about
facilities
C.
attempts
to
increase
hotel
accommodation
D.
an
improved
information
service
27.
The
"Independent
Centers"
were
personally
inspected_______.
A.
the
year
before
last
B.
three
years
ago
C.
between
1975
and
1976
D.
within
the
last
three
seasons
28.
The
program
of
tours
to
the
United
States
appears
to
be_______.
A.
a
new
collaboration
with
U.
S.
travel
firms
B.
newly
taken
over
by
U.
S.
tour
operations
C.
a
new
independent
venture
D.
organized
by
United
Airlines
29.
Their
brochure
would
be
more
attractive
to
read,
they
say,
if_______.
A.
it
were
less
truthful
B.
it
used
fewer
superlatives
C.
it
eliminated
description
D.
it
were
more
encouraged
30.
The
firm"s
claim
is
that
their
program
is
improved
by_______.
A.
helpful
fault-finding
by
customers
B.
attractive
description
of
the
centers
in
every
brochure
C.
a
standard
policy
of
prompt
repayment
D.
careful
control
of
the
hotels
答案:26.
A
27.
D
28.
A
29.
A
30.
A
大学英语四级阅读理解训练(十)
As
a
reliable
travel
agency,
we
really
do
try
to
describe
our
centers
and
accommodation
as
realistically
as
possible.
All
our
Super
Centers
and
Main
Centers
have
been
extensively
investigated
during
the
winter
season
1975-1976.
As
a
result
we
have
first-hand
information
on
the
way
in
which
hotels,
life
networks
and
ski
schools,
etc.
operate
during
the
season.
We
have
not
been
able
to
investigate,
at
first
hand,
all
our
Independent
Centers
during
the
last
season
but
all
have
been
visited
during
the
past
three
seasons.
Should
you
need
any
more
information
about
these
centers
we
will
try
to
get
it
for
you.
Our
American
centers
have
been
investigated
on
our
behalf
by
United
Airlines
Tours
Department
and
by
the
U.
S.
Where
possible
we
have
eliminated
the
use
of
superlatives
from
the
text
(possibly
making
our
brochure(小册子)
less
attractive
to
read
than
it
might
be)
and
have
concentrated
on
as
accurate
a
description
as
possible.
Nevertheless
you
should
bear
in
mind
that
you
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