人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总精编版

人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总精编版人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总精编版人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总精编版资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月人教版八年级英语下册各单元语法点汇总精编版版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：Unit1What’sthematter?

一、

询问某人的健康问运及遭到麻烦的表达方法

(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：

What’s

the

matter

(with

sb．)（某人）怎么了

What’s

wrong

(with

sb．)（某人）怎么了

What’s

the

trouble

(with

sb．)（某人）出什么事了

What

happened

(to

sb．)（某人）发生了什么事

Are

you

OK你没事吧

Is

there

anything

wrong

with

sb.某人有什么事吗

要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：

①某人+have/has+病症．

The

twins

have

colds．双胞胎感冒了。

某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.

She

had

a

stomachache

last

night．她昨晚肚子痛。

③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位．

He

has

a

sore

throat．他喉咙痛。

④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词．

He

hurt

his

leg.他的腿受伤了。

⑤某部位+hurt(s).

My

head

hurts

badly．我头痛得厉害。

⑥某人+have/has+a

pain+in

one’s+身体部位，

I

have

a

pain

in

my

chest．我胸口痛。

⑦(There

is)something

wrong

with

one’s+身体部位．

There

is

something

wrong

with

my

right

eye．．我的右眼有毛病。

⑧其他表达方式

She

has

a

heart

trouble．她有心脏病。

He

got

hit

on

the

head他头部受到了撞击。

She

cut

her

finger．她割破手指了。二

情态动词should的用法

1．Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。

You

should

drink

hot

water

with

honey．你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。

He

should

put

his

head

back他应该把头后仰。

We

should

try

our

best

to

help

him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。

You

shouldn‘t

watch

TV.你不应该看电视。

2．Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。

Should

I

put

some

medicine

on

it我应当给它敷上药吗

Should

we

tell

her

about

it我们应该告诉她这件事吗

【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：

①Would

you

like

(to

do)

sth．你想要／愿意（做）某事吗

Would

you

like

to

play

basketball

with

me你想要和我一起打篮球吗

②Shall

I/we

do

sth

我／我们做„„好吗？

Shall

we

go

to

the

zoo

tomorrow明天我们去动物园，好吗

③Why

not

do

sth

为什么不„„呢？

Why

not

join

us为什么不加入到我们当中来呢

④How/What

about

doing

sth

做某事怎么样

How

about

going

swimming去游泳怎么样

⑤Let’s

do

sth让我们做„„吧。

Let’s

go

home．咱们回家吧。

⑥You’d

better

(not)

do

sth你最好（不）要做某事。

You’d

better

not

go

there

alone．你最好不要一个人去那儿。

Unit2I'llhelpcleanupthecityparks动词不定式

A.

作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。

常用句型：It

+be+adj./n.+(for/of

sb.)

to

do

sth./It

takes

sb.

some

time

to

do

sth.

B.

作宾语——动词want,

decide,

hope,

ask,

agree,

choose,

learn,

plan,

need,

teach,

prepare…常接动词不定式作宾语。C.

作（后置）定语——常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to

do”或“enough＋名＋to

do”“It’s

time

to

do

sth.”等结构中。

D.

作宾语补足语——tell,

ask,

want,

invite,

teach,

like,

call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want

/call/invite

sb.

to

do

sth.结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen

to,

hear)，三让(let,

make,

have,，四看(look

at,

see,

watch,

notice)，半帮助(help)”。

E.

动词不定式作状语

主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in

order

(to)

或so

as

(to)

“为了，目的是”。常用结构有too

+

adj./adv.

+

to

do

sth.等。

F.

固定句式中动词不定式的用法

常见的形式有：had

better

(not)

do

sth./Would

you

like

to

do

sth.

/Why

not

do

sth.

/Would

you

please

(not)

do

sth.

等。Unit3CouldyoupleasecleanyourroomCould

you

please...

句型

（1）请求别人时通常用此句型，也可以说：Can

you...please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求，在意思上无区别，但是用could在于其上显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could

you/I...

若在句末加上please，则显得更礼貌。

Could

you

help

me

find

my

book,please你能帮我找到我的书吗

对could

you/I...

的问句作出肯定回答，常用“sure/certainly/of

course”等；如果作否定回答，常用“sorry或oh,please

don’t”。

一般不用no开头，用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。

表示请求的句式：

Would

you

like

to

do...

Would

you

mind

doing...

Let’s

do....

Shall

I/we

do...

Please

do...(祈使句前加please)

提示：could

you

please...与could

I

Please...两种问句，前者是请求别人帮忙的句式，后者是有礼貌地向别人请求允许的交际用语。试比较：

Could

you

please

help

me请你帮我一下好吗

Could

I

please

invite

my

friends

to

my

birthday

party,Mom?

妈妈，

我能邀请我的朋友参加我的生日聚会吗？Unit4Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?

提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的其他表达方式：How

/what

about

doing

sth.

（about是个介词，可跟名词或动名词）“…怎么样？”

You’d

better

(not)

do

something.“你最好（不）做某事”

Would

you

like

sth

…:“你想要某物Let‟s

do

sth…

What

should

I

do

…

(

should表示请求、征询对方意见)

2.学会谈论问题和学会用why

don't

you…提建议向别人发出邀请，请求，建议，或征求某人的意见的表达方式：

Why

don‟t

you

do

something?

=Why

not

do

something?

你为什么不做某事呢？

来表示请求、征询对方意见３．until,

so

that

,although引导的状语从句：1)until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”,

“在……以前不……”,

谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Don‟t

get

off

until

the

bus

stops.

2）so

that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）例如：He

studies

hard

so

that

he

could

work

better

in

the

future

3）although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and，

so等连用，但可以和yet，

still等词连用。

例如：Although

he

was

tired,

he

went

on

working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。

Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame？过去进行时

1.

基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外,

一般用时间状语来表示。

结构

was

/

were

(

not

)

+

动词-ing

句式

肯定式：

I/He/She/It

was

working.

We/You/They/

were

working.

否定式:

I/He/She/It

was

not

working.

We/You/They/

were

not

working.

疑问式和简略回答:

Was

I

working?

Yes,

you

were.

No,

you

were

not.

Were

you

working?

Yes,

I

was.

No,

I

was

not.

Was

he/she/it

working?

Yes,

he/she/it

was.

No,

he/she/it

was

not.

Were

we/you/they

working?

Yes,

you/we/they

were.

No,

you/we/they

were

not.

注：

1)

was

not常缩略为wasn’t;

were

not常缩略为weren’t。

2)

一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较:

一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态,

而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。

例如:

David

wrote

a

letter

to

his

friend

last

night.

大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)

David

was

writing

a

letter

to

his

friend

last

night.

大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)4.过去进行时中的when和while

when,

while

区别：

由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；

由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。

When

the

teacher

came

in,

we

were

talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：

While

we

were

talking,

the

teacher

came

in.

2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：

They

were

singing

while

we

were

dancing.

Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains1.

unless引导条件状语从句

unless

=

if

…

not

―除非，若不

They

will

go

tomorrow

unless

it

rains.

=

They

will

go

tomorrow

if

it

doesn’t

rains.

as

soon

as引导时间状语从句。

―……就

He

will

come

and

see

you

as

soon

as

he

can.

3.

so.......that引导结果状语从句

句型1：主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句The

wind

was

so

strong

that

we

could

hardly

move

forward.

句型2：

so

+形容词

+

a/an

+

单数名词

+

that从句

It

was

so

hot

a

day

that

they

all

went

swimming.

句型3.

so

+

many/

few

+

复数名词

+

that从句

He

has

so

few

friends

that

he

often

feels

lonely.

句型4：

so

+much/

little

+

不可数名词

+

that

从句

I

had

so

little

money

that

I

couldn’t

buy

a

pen.

Unit7What’sthehighestmountainintheworld?

形容词副词的原级、比较级和最高级

（一）原级句型：

1.

A

is

as+原级+

as+

B

表示A

与B一样…eg:

He

is

as

tall

as

me.2.A

is

not

as/so

+原级+

as

B表示A不如B…eg:He

is

not

as

tall

as

me.

3.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too，so,

enough,

pretty等

例如，He

is

too

tired

to

walk

on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。

比较级句型

可以修饰比较级的词，much，a

lot，far，…的多a

little，a

bit，…一点儿

even甚至，still仍然

Eg.

Lesson

One

is

much

easier

than

Lesson

Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。

Tom

looks

even

younger

than

before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。

1.当句中有than

时则用比较级。

eg:

He

is

fatter

than

me.

2．当句子中的比较对象为两者时用比较级：“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A

or

B？”

eg:

Which

is

bigger，the

earth

or

the

moon哪一个大，地球还是月球

3.

“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。

eg.The

flowers

are

more

and

more

beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。

加more构成比较级的形容词则用more

and

more

+形容词表示越来越…

eg:

English

is

more

and

more

important.

“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。

Eg.

The

more

careful

you

are，the

fewer

mistakes

you’ll

make.

“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of

the

two+……”表示“A是两者中较……的”。

Eg.Look

at

the

two

boys.

My

brother

is

the

taller

of

the

two.

A+be+形容词比较级+than+any

other+单数名词(+介词短语)”

表示“A比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“A最……”。

Eg.

The

Yangtze

River

is

longer

than

any

other

river

in

China.

=The

Yangtze

River

is

the

longest

river

in

China.

（三）最高级常用句型结构

1．“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。

eg：Tom

is

the

tallest

in

his

class./of

all

the

students.

This

apple

is

the

biggest

of

the

five.

2．“主语+be+one

of

the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。

Eg：Beijing

is

one

of

the

largest

cities

in

China.

“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+A，B，or

C？”用于三者以上

eg

Which

is

the

biggest?

The

moon,the

sun

or

ths

earth?

“the

+序数词+最高级+单数名词+范围”。表示…是第几大（…）

eg:

The

Yellow

River

is

the

second

longest

river

in

China

.

【注意】形容词最高级之前要加the，但当最高级之前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时则不用加the

eg:

He

is

the

best

student

in

my

class.

He

is

my

best

friend.

形容词副词的规则与不规则变化

规则变化

1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest

以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest

3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，例如，heavy-heavier-heaviest

4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，eg.

big-bigger-biggest

部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more

slowly-most

slowly；beautiful-

more

beautiful-most

beautiful不规则变化原级

比较级

最高级good/well

better

best

bad/badly/ill

worse

worstmany/much

more

mostlittleless

least

far

farther

farthest

further

furthestold

older

Oldest(无血缘关系的)elder

eldest（有血缘关系）

Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?

Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?现在完成时

(Present

Perfect

Tense)

（1）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

—It’s

so

dark.

太黑了。

—Someone

has

turned

off

the

light.

有人把灯关上了。

（2）表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，since+时间段+ego,

so

far等时间状语连用。

Eg.

I

have

lived

here

for

ten

years.我已经住在这里10年了。（从10年前开始，持续到现在还住这儿）

Eg.

I

have

lived

here

since

2003.

自从2003年我就住在这儿。（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住这儿）

（3）

基本结构及句型转换：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)

(当主语是第三人称单数has,其余人称用have。)

①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他

I

have

finished

my

homework.

(肯定句)

②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他

I

have

not

finished

my

homework.

（否定句）③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他

—Have

you

finished

your

homework?

—Yes,

I

have.

/

No,

I

haven’t,

（一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答）

（4）has

gone

(to),

has

been

(to),

has

been

(in)

的区别

Have/Has

gone(to)

:去了(现在不在说话现场)

Eg.

---Where

is

your

father？

---He

has

gone

to

Shanghai.

Have/Has

been

(to)

:去过（已不在去过的地方）

Eg.

My

father

has

been

to

Shanghai.

Have/has

been

in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）

Eg.

My

father

has

been

in

Shanghai

for

two

months.

=My

father

has

been

in

Shanghai

since

two

months

ago.

（5）现在完成时的标志：

①常与just,

already,

yet,

ever,

never,

before,

so

far

等连用，强调动作的完成，不强调动作的持续。

Have

you

ever

been

to

Japan?

I

have

just

finished

my

homework.

②for

+

时间段；since

+

过去的时间点；since

+

段时间

ago；since

+

一般过去时的句子。

They

have

known

each

other

for

five

years.

Since

he

was

a

child,

he

has

lived

in

England.动词过去式和过去分词的变化

规则变化：

1.

一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick

→

picked

→

picked;

wish

→

wished

→

wished;

stay

→

stayed

→

stayed

2.

以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like

→

liked

→

liked;

hope

→

hoped

→

hoped;

phone

→

phoned

→

phoned

3.

以―辅音字母

+

y‖结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study

→

studied

→

studied;

hurry

→

hurried

→

hurried;

rep