英语必修三Unit 4 Astronomy课文翻译

英语必修三Unit4Astronomy课文翻译英语必修三Unit4Astronomy课文翻译英语必修三Unit4Astronomy课文翻译xxx公司英语必修三Unit4Astronomy课文翻译文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度英语必修三Unit4Astronomy课文翻译作者：未知来源：尚学苑2014-09-20LIFHOWEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha"BigBang"thatthrewmatterinalldirections.Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe"BigBang",theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearthsatmosphere.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedintimebylandanimals.Somewereinsects.Others,calledamphibians,wereabletoliveonlandaswellasinthewater.Laterwhentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyoungenerallybylayingeggs.Afterthat,somehugeanimals,calleddinosaurs,developed.Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.However,65millionyearsagotheageofthedinosaursended.Whytheysuddenlydisappearedstillremainsamystery.Thisdisappearancemadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth.Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.Finallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.Buttheyarenotlookingaftertheearthverywell.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Asaresultofthis,manyscientistsbelievetheearthmaybecometoohottoliveon.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.地球上生命的起源没有人确切知道地球是怎么样开始形成的，因为在很早很在以前地球就形成了。然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，但地球还只是一团尘埃。随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个团体的球状物。地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存下去。它猛烈地爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳，氮气，水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。好几百万年后，水的表面开始出现了极小的植物。他们繁殖起来就使得早期的海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始出现在陆地上。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，他们既能在陆地上生活，也能在海里生存。后来，当植物长大成了森林的时候，爬行动物出现了。他们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。再后来一些叫做恐龙的巨型动物出现了。他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。他们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的产生有了可能。这些动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为他们能从体内生产出幼崽并给幼崽哺乳。最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明，长着手脚的动物出现了，他们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们对地球却不怎么在意，他们把过多的二氧化氮释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。地球可能因此变得太热而不适合生物生存。所以，在未来数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续，取决于这个问题能否得到解决。AVISITTOTHEMOONLastmonthIwasluckyenoughtohaveachancetomakeatripintospacewithmyfriendLiYanping,anastronomer.Wevisitedthemooninourspaceship!Beforeweleft,LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourneyandthatthefirstchangewouldbethemostpowerful.Thenwewereoff.Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearthsgravity.Itwassohardthatwecouldnotsayanythingtoeachother.GraduallytheweightlessenedandIwasabletotalktohim."Whyisthespaceshipnotfallingbacktotheearth

OntheearthifIfallfromatreeIwillfalltotheground."Iasked."Wearetoofarfromtheearthnowtofeelitspull,"heexplained,"sowefeelasifthereisnogravityatall.Whenwegetclosertothemoon,weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearths."Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.

Whenwegotthere,Iwantedtoexploreimmediately."Comeon,"Isaid."Ifyouareright,mymasswillbelessthanontheearthbecausethemoonissmallerandIwillbeabletomovemorefreely.ImightevengrowtallerifIstayherelongenough.Ishallcertainlyweighless!"Ilaughedandclimbeddownthestepsfromthespaceship.ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover."Ohdear,"Icried,"walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged."AfterawhileIgotthehangofitandwebegantoenjoyourselves.Leavingthemoonsgravitywasnotaspainfulasleavingtheearths.Butreturningtotheearthwasveryfrightening.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearthsgravityincreased.Againwewerepushedhardintoourseatsaswecamebacktoland."Thatwasveryexhaustingbutveryexcitingtoo,"Isaid."NowIknowmuchmoreaboutgravity!Doyouthinkwecouldvisitsomestarsnexttime""Ofcourse,"hesmiled,"whichstarwouldyouliketogoto"月球之旅我的朋友李彦平是一位宇航员。上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球。在启程以前,李彦平向我解释说,在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变,而第一次的改变