2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习-专题十三　阅读补全(七选五)

2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习第四部分阅读补全（七选五）专题十三阅读补全（七选五）Passage1It*sbeenahardyearbut,whilewecan'tchangewhat*shappeningintheworld,wecanfocusoncreatingapositiveatmosphere.Nomorenegativeenergy.]Hardtimesarerubbish,buttheymakeyouwhatyouare.Recognizethatandknowthatifyoucancomethroughthem,youwillbemorecapableandmoreconfident.It*saluckypersonindeedwhomanagestoavoidupsetastheygothroughlife;what*simportantishowyoudealwithit.CountyourblessingsFeelingsorryforyourself?Itmaysoundnormal,butitsimportanttoremindyourselfofwhat'sgoodaboutyourlife.Trywritingalistofthethingsyou'rethankfulfbr,orspendafewminuteseveryeveningputtingdownthreenicethingsthathavehappenedtoyouthatday.2,Pattedadoginthepark?Writeitdown.Laughedatasillymeme（表情包）onsocialmedia?Putthatonthelisttoo.ProtectyourselffromenergyvampiresWeallknowthosewhosuckthejoyoutoflifeandleaveyoufeelingemotionallyexhausted.Theymoan,blameothersorjustgenerallybringyoudown.3.Gentlyexplaintheeffectthattheyhavemaybringthemround,orsimplymakesureyou'realwayspositiveyourselfinordertoreducethebadeffectoftheirnegativity.4_,oreventuallycuttieswiththementirely.Createjoyinyourlife5.Makeacoffeedatewithafriend;setasideanhourtoplayaboardgamewithyourfamily;ortakearegularwalkwhereyouexploresomewherenewinyourlocality.A.FocusonpositivityB.AcceptunfavorablesituationsC.RemembertosetdownthethreemostsignificantonesD.TrytounderstandthattheyhaveprobablygotproblemsE.Itreallydoesn'tmatteriftheyaresmallandinsignificantF.ButultimatelyyoumightneedtolimitthetimeyouspendwiththemG.Injectpositivityintoyourdailyroutinebymakingtimeforactivitiesthatbringyoupleasure答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:减少身边负能量的方法。1.B根据本段中“Hardtimesarerubbish,buttheymakeyouwhatyouare.”可知需接受生活中艰难的处境。.E根据下文“Pattedadoginthepark...Laughedatasillymeme（表情包）onsocialmedia?”可知,记录生活中的一些小事也是可以提醒自己生活是值得感激的，不管它们有多小,多微不足道。.D根据下文“Gentlyexplaintheeffectthattheyhavemaybringthemround,orsimplymakesureyou'realwayspositiveyourselfinordertoreducethebadeffectoftheirnegativity.”可知，遇到生活中那些满是负能量的人首先要理解,然后说明他们带来的影响。.F根据下文“oreventuallycuttieswiththementirely”可知，你可能需要限制与他们相处的时间,或者彻底断开联系。.G根据此段的小标题“Createjoyinyourlife”和下文列出的活动可知，要多参加那些使自己快乐的活动。Passage2Creativityishowyouthink,exploreandreason.Weallwantitbutattimesitseemsfartoooutofreach.Hereareahandfulofwaysthatgiveyouinspiration.DaydreamYourteachermaytellyouoffforstaringoutofthewindowatnothing.1.Thescientistsrecordedbrainactivitywhilepeoplelaystill,butnotasleep,andconcludedthatdaydreamingcanhelppeoplebecomebetterproblem-solvers.However,ifyou'resimplynotpayingattentionwhenyoushouldbe,thatclearlyisn'tbeneficial.2Bewillingtochallengethingsthatyouhavealwaysdone.Agroupofwatermelonfarmershadanissuewiththewaythatwatermelonsweredifficulttopackandstore.Theirroundshapemeantthattheytookupalotofspace.€4Butwhydowatermelonsactuallyneedtoberound?^thoughtthefanners.Theybegangrowingthefruitinsquareglassboxes,thuscreatingsquarewatermelons.3.HaveagoodlaughBelieveitornot,morethanonestudyhasshownthatpeoplewhowatchedacomedyfilmaremuchbetterafterwardsatcomingupwithacreativesolutiontoaproblemthanthosewhowatchedahorrorfilm.Itappearsthathavingagoodlaughmakesusfeelmorerelaxed,whichhelpsthecreativeprocess.4.That'sbecausethemindistoofocusedonsurvival.NoiseYoumightimaginethatyouwillbeatyourmostcreativeifyouareabletoworkincompletesilence,butyou'dbewrong.Formostcreativetasks,alowlevelofnoise,likethechatterthatyougetinacafe,isbest._5_,butwhenyouwanttocomeupwithideas,tryalittlehubbub（喧|制）.A.ThinkoutsidetheboxB.FacechallengeswithcourageC.Itisverydifficulttobecreativewhenyou'restressedD.TheyquicklywinthemarketbackandmakelargerprofitsE.TheyjustneededtothinkdifferentlytofindtheperfectsolutionF.CompletesilenceisgoodwhenyouneedtofocusonadifficulttaskG.Buthavingawanderingmindmaybeasignofintelligenceandcreativity答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:激发创造力的方法和策略。.G过渡句。上文讲你可能会因为走神或做白日梦而受责备，下文讲走神或做白日梦可以帮助人们更好地解决问题,上下文有转折关系,G项“Buthavingawanderingmindmaybeasignofintelligenceandcreativity”承上启下,且句中“wanderingmind"照应标题"Daydream"和上文“staringoutofthewindowatnothing”。.A主旨句。下文讲述瓜农创造性地种植方西瓜，从而解决了西瓜难于打包和储存的问题，由此可知创造力的培养需要跳出固有思维模式，这与A项“Thinkoutsidethebox（打破固有思维模式）”吻合。.D细节句。上文讲为了解决西瓜难于打包和储存的问题,瓜农创造性地种植方西瓜。D项“Theyquicklywinthemarketbackandmakelargerprofits”与上文构成顺承关系。.C过渡句o选项C"Itisverydifficulttobecreativewhenyou'restressed"与下文"That'sbecausethemindistoofocusedonsurvival.”构成因果关系，说明了有压力时很难有创造力的原因，与上文“Itappearsthathavingagoodlaughmakesusfeelmorerelaxed,whichhelpsthecreativeprocess.”构成对比关系，符合语境。.F细节句。根据连词but可知,上下文有转折关系,F项“Completesilenceisgoodwhenyouneedtofocusonadifficulttask”讲安静的好处，符合语境。Passage3Ifyoucancreateaperfectflowerarrangementforthenextdinnerparty,itwillundoubtedlybethecenterofattraction.］Therearesomewaystocreatebeautifulflowerarrangementsbasedonseasonalfragrantflowers,andsomegreenleaves.Selecttheperfectflowers.Thefirststepistousefreshflowers.2Ifyouwanttohavebrightandsummeryappearance,youcanchooseavarietyofcolorsforcarnations,geraniums,andtulips.Suchcolorsmakethefreshflowerarrangementlookbrightandbeautiful.3Selectseasonalflowersandleavessothattheentirearrangementlookslikeanaturalhandheldbunch.Youcanchooselocallyavailableflowers,addingbroadleavessothattheentirearrangementlooksnatural.Ifyouwanttogivethearrangementnaturalyetspecialappeal,youcanadduniqueflowersliketulips,carnations,andorchids.Usetropicalflowers.InAustralia,youcanuseseveraltropicalflowerstomakeuniqueflowerarrangements.Theseflowerscanimprovethebeautyofanybunch. 4Forexample,ifyouwanttohavebrighterappeal,youcanaddtropicalflowerslikedaisies,sunflowers,andsnapdragons.Chooseaparticularshape.Whenyouselectaflowerarrangement,itisbasictoselectstructure.Theflowersshouldbesuchthattheycaneasilybeputinaparticularshape.Ifyouwantanewmoonshape,thenyoushouldselectflowersthatwillstresstheshape.Youwillalsoneedstalks（梗）tohelpyoubuildtheshape.5_A.Createperfectflowerarrangements.B.Keeptheflowerarrangementnatural.C.Flowerscanalwaysimprovethefeelingofmind.D.Thiswillallowyoutoplaceseveralflowersinthevase.E.Moreover,alloftheseflowersareavailableinseveralcolors.F.Theywillcontributetoachievingtheoverallbeautyofthearrangement.G.YouYeadvisedtoaddsuchflowerstoapre-existingbunchandchangeitsappearancecompletely.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:如何做出完美的插花。.C细节句。根据上文“如果你能为下一次晚宴创造一个完美的插花，它无疑将是吸引人的焦点。’‘可推知空格处应补充说明完美插花的好处，这与C项“Flowerscanalwaysimprovethefeelingofmind.”吻合。.E细节句。根据空后“……你可以选择多种颜色的康乃馨、天竺葵和郁金香”可推知，空格处应指出选择时需要考虑花的颜色，这与E项“Moreover,alloftheseflowersareavailableinseveralcolors.”内容吻合。其中theseflowers指的是前一句的freshflowerso.B主旨句。本段主要说明插花需要看起来自然，这与B项“Keeptheflowerarrangementnatural.”吻合。.G过渡句。空格前提到插花中加入热带花的好处，空格后举例说明如何根据需要选择热带花,由此推断空格处内容应是建议在插花中选用热带花，这与G项相符。其中suchflowers指代前文的tropicalflowerso.F细节句。本段讲述插花的形状。空格前提到你还需要梗来帮助你塑造形状,F项叮heywillcontributetoachievingtheoverallbeautyofthearrangement.”承接上文说明了使用梗的好处:有助于实现布置的整体美感。其中They指代前文的stalks。Passage4Nomatterwhatyourgoalsareinlife,thereisonegreatlawthatyouneedtoobeyinordertobesuccessful:Nooneelseisgoingtoclimbtheladder（梯子）ofsuccessforyou.]Fromthedayyouleaveyourparents1house,youareresponsibleforyourlifeandthechoicesyoumake.Ifyouwantabetterlife,youneedtomakebetterdecisions.2However,itdoesn'tchangeanything.Onlyyoucanchangeyourlifebychangingthechoicesyoumake.Takeresponsibilityforeverythinginyourlife.Evenifit*snotinyourdirectcontrol,youcanalwayschoosehowyourespond.3Ifyouchoosewhatisfunandeasyoverwhatisnecessary,youwillneverreachthelevelsofsuccessandhappinessyouarecapableofachievinginyourlife.That'sbecauseeverygreatvictoryrequiresgreatsacrifice.Ifsuccesswereeasy,everybodywouldbesuccessful.Thereisnothingthatyoucan'tachievewithhardwork.Peopleoftenthinkthattheirliveswillsuddenlychangethroughsomemagicaleventsinthefuture.4Yourlifechangesonlytotheextentthatyouchange.Nothingwilleverchangeifyoudon*tchangewhatyoudodaily.Agreatwaytoactivelycreateyourfutureistoaskyourself:IfIalreadyachievedmygoals,howwouldIactonadailybasis?Whatbookswould1read,howoftenwouldIworkout,andhowwouldIspendmytimeattheoffice?5A.Butthatisnotthecase.B.Nooneelseisresponsibleforyourlife.C.Nowthesequestionsseemlikemagictoyou.D.Nothingelsecanbethedriveforyoursuccess.E.Onceyouanswerthesequestions,youknowwhattodo.F.Thebiggestenemytosuccessisthepathofleastresistance.G.Youcanblameotherpeoplefbryourlackofhappinessalllifelong.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:如何过上成功生活的建议。1.B过渡句。根据上文“没有人能为你爬上成功的阶梯”和下文“从你离开父母家的那一天起，你就要为自己的生活和所作的选择负责”可知，设空处内容强调我们要对自己负责，这与B项“没有其他人对你的生活负责”吻合，其中responsible是关键词。.G细节句。根据下文“然而，这并没有改变什么。只有你能通过改变自己的选择来改变自己的人生”可推知，设空处陈述了一种我们常常做但却没有任何意义、不能对自己的人生作出任何改变的行为。G项“你可以将一生的不幸福归咎于他人''符合题意,下文的it指代选项所陈述的内容。.F主旨句。根据下文可知，成功需要牺牲，选择简单和乐趣是不能成功的。由此推知，设空处提出成功忌讳选择简单容易的方式。F项“成功的最大敌人是阻力最小的道路''符合题意，其中thepathofleastresistance对应下文的whatisfunandeasy。.A过渡句。根据上下文可知，生活不会因为一些神奇的事情而改变，除非你自己作出改变。由此推知,设空处陈述上文提到的情况并非事实。A项“但事实并非如此“承上启下，符合语境。.E总结句。上文提出了三个问题。由此推知,设空处陈述的内容应与这三个问题相关。E项“一旦你回答了这些问题,你就知道该怎么做了"符合语境,thesequestions指上文的三个问题。Passage5DuringmystayinHawaiiforfurtherstudiesin1983—1984,1sawmanyJapanesetouristsenjoyingthesunandsandonWaikikiBeachorshoppinginthemalls.［AtthattimethemonthlyincomeofanaverageChineseworkerwasabout30yuan-theexchangeratethenwasabout2yuantooneUSdollar-notenoughtoevenmakeendsmeetformostofthefamilies.2Butthatdreamhascometrue.About10yearsago,whenIvisitedHawaiiagaintoattendaconferencehostedbytheEast-WestCenter,IfoundChinesetouristshadreplacedJapanesetouristsbothonthebeachandinthemalls.3Thecountry'srapideconomicdevelopmenthasenabledmillionsofChinesepeopletotravelabroad.In2019,Chinesepeoplemade155millionoverseasvisits,makingChinathetopsourceofoutboundtouristsintheworld,faraheadofsecond-andthird-placedGermanyandtheUnitedStates.Chinesetouristsspendabout$130billionabroadeveryyear.4Chinesetouriststodaycanbefoundinallthecornersoftheworld,fromWaikikiBeachtotheSaharaDesert,fromtheArctictotheAntarctic.5AtthattimesomeChinese,whohadrelativesinSingaporeandThailand,weregivenvisastotraveltothosecountriesiftherelativessponsoredtheirvisits.ThesamemodewasadoptedforthosewhohadrelativesintheHongKongandMacaospecialadministrativeregionsand,later,Taiwan,China.A.Thetrendstarted30yearsago.B.Chinesetouristspreferguidedtours.C.OnlytheChinesetouristswereshoppingmorecrazily.D.Theyspendmorethantouristsfromanyothercountry.E.Asaresult,travelingabroadwasadreamformostChinese.F.Asastudentfromapoorcountry,IhopedsomedaythetouristswouldincludeChinese.G.Andmostofthosewhotravelingroupsareretiredpeopleorinexperienced,youngtourists.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:中国人出国旅游的历史及其快速发展。.F过渡句。由上文1983—1984年作者在夏威夷进修期间见到的日本游客游玩的情况,及下文对中国人当时的收入的介绍可推知，空处应是作者希望有朝一日中国人也能出国度假。这与F项中“IhopedsomedaythetouristswouldincludeChinese”吻合。.E过渡句。上文描写了那个时候中国人收入很低，大多数家庭入不敷出,由此推断空处应是中国人收入低导致没办法出国旅游，这与E项“Asaresult,travelingabroadwasadreamformostChinese.”吻合，且选项中的dream和下文的dream相呼应。.C细节句。上文讲述当作者再次访问夏威夷时，发现中国游客己经取代了日本游客。C项“OnlytheChinesetouristswereshoppingmorecrazily.”承接上文，进一步描写中国游客取代日本游客的情况。需要注意的是这里容易误选D项，但是D项用的是一般现在时，说的是现在的情况，而非十年前的情况。.D细节句。上文说中国游客每年在国外花费大约一千三百亿美元,这一数字当数全世界第一。D项“Theyspendmorethantouristsfromanyothercountry.”承接上文，进一步说明了中国游客每年在国外消费很多。.A主旨句。根据空处下一句中的“Atthattime”可知,空处应该是描写出国旅游这一趋势开始的时间。A项“Thetrendstarted30yearsago.“符合语境，其中“30yearsago”和下句中的“Atthattime”相呼应。Passage6Whetherit'spainting,orsculptingtinycupcakesoutofclay,makingartisgoodforyourmindandbody,j_Butyoudon'thavetobeafull-timeartisttogetthosehealthbenefits.Allyouneedtodoisjustmakeart.Andthemoreyoudoit,thebetter.Herearethingsyouneedtoknowtostartyourcreativearthabit.2"Wetendtothinkthatonlypeoplewhoareveryskilledatartcancallthemselvesartists,buteveryoneiscapableofcreativeexpression,saysKaimal,aleadingresearcherinarttherapy.Herresearchhasshownthattherearenodifferencesinhealthoutcomesbetweenexperiencedartistsandgreenhands.3Startwithwhatyouenjoy—maybesomethingyou*vedonebefore,maybesomethingyoulovedasakid.Keepanopenmind.Anythingthatengagesyourcreativemind,suchasfingerpainting,baking,knitting,etc,isgoodforyou.Anddon'tfeellikeyouhavetosticktoonething.4Thinkaboutmakingartlikeanyhealthyhabit.Justasyoumaketimetoworkout,youshouldmaketimeforyourartisticcreation.5Kaimalsuggestssettingupacornertableforyourartsupplies.Yourcreativecomeris“kindoflikeareminder,shesays."Itshowsyourcommitmenttoinvestinyourselfandyourwell-bcing.^^A.Focusononethingyou'regoodat.B.Letitgothatyou'renotanartist.C.Justdowhateveryou'reinthemoodfor.D.Besidestime,spareaphysicalspaceinyourhomeforart.E.Therearerulesforhowmuchtimeyoushouldengageinart.F.Theactofcreationcanreducestressandimproveyourmood.G.Sodespiteyourskilllevel,you'Hfeelallthegoodthingscomingwithmakingart.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:艺术创作对健康有好处以及开始培养艺术创作习惯的建议。1.F细节句。根据上文“无论是画画，还是用黏土雕刻小纸杯蛋糕，艺术创作对你的身心都有好处”可知，本句承接上文具体说明艺术创作有哪些好处，这与F项中“reducestressandimproveyourmood”相符。2.B主旨句。下文提到一般认为只有擅长艺术的人才能称自己为艺术家。但每个人都能进行创作表达,并且经验丰富的艺术家和新手在艺术创作对健康的影响方面没有差异，故B选项“摒弃，你不是一个艺术家，这个想法”符合语境。.G细节句。上文提到经验丰富的艺术家和新手在艺术创作对健康的影响方面没有差异，空处应承接上文。G项“所以不管你的技术水平如何，你会感受到艺术创作带来的所有好处”符合语境。.C细节句。上文提到从喜欢的事情开始，保持开放的心态,任何能激发你创造性思维的事都对你有好处，而且不要觉得必须坚持一件事。故C项“你想做什么就做什么"符合语境。.D过渡句。前文提到你应为艺术创作留出时间，后文提到了创作角落，即在家里留出艺术创作的空间。D项符合语境。Passage7Lastweektheelectricityinmyflatwentout.1hadjustgothomefromworkandwashappilymakingmytea,whenallofasuddenIwassurroundedbycompletedarkness.Itriedtofixitbutfailed.Ihadtowaitforanelectriciantocomeinthemorning.]Isatdowntoeatmyhalf-cookeddinner.AndthenIwasn'treallysurewhattodo.MytypicaleveningisspentwatchingTVandlookingthroughsocialmedia.2Soformeitwasanearlynight.AndIcouldn'thelpbutthink,dowerelytoomuchonelectricity?Thatnight,losingourelectricityfeltlikelosingabasicnecessity.Asbasicasrunningwater.3Iuseelectricityallthetime,evenwhenit'snotreallynecessary.4Itcontributestoglobalwarming.Itisharmingourenvironmentandweneedtodowhatwecantostopit.Notonlythat,butifwecontinuetousethesamelargeamountofenergy,itwillsoonrunout.So,shouldn'twestartpreparingforitnow?Cuttingbackonouruseofelectricitywouldmakelosingiteasier,andalsosaveenergyresourcessothattheycouldlastlonger.5Andifeveryonedoesthesame,wecanmakeabigdifference.A.Tonightthiswasn'tpossible.B.Obviously,wecan*tsurvivewithoutit.C.Ouroveruseofelectricityisabigproblem.D.Thisleftmeawholenightwithoutanyelectricity.E.Electricitybringsusconvenienceandtrouble.F.Butreally,we'vegrowntotakeelectricityforgranted.G.IknowforsurethatIcouldcutdownonmyuseofelectricity.答案［语篇解读］ 语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:一场突如其来的停电让作者意识到电的宝贵，也使作者开始反思自己浪费电的行为,呼吁人们节约用电。.D细节句。上文提到突然停电，“我”想修但没修好,电工要早上才能来。D选项“这使我一个晚上都没有电''是上文的结果。.A过渡句。上一句提到:平时我都是通过看电视和浏览社交媒体来度过晚上的。下一句提到:所以对我而言，这是一个早睡的晚上。A选项”今天晚上，这不可能了”是停电的结果，承上启下。.F过渡句。上文提到电像自来水一样是必需的。下一句提到:我一直使用电，甚至在不是真的需要的时候。上下文与F选项“但是真的，我们逐渐把电当成了理所当然的东西”相吻合。.C主旨句。下一句提到:它导致了全球变暖。再结合上一段段末提到自己浪费电的情况可知,该空应指浪费电是一个大问题。故选C项。.G细节句。由下一句提到的“Andifeveryonedocsthesame”可知,该句应当提到做什么，故G选项“我很确定我能削减对电的使用“符合上下文逻辑。Passage8Humanshavebeenknowntodevelopstrongconnectionswithdangerousanimals.WernerFreund,aged79,hasspentthelast40yearsofhislifeinthecompanyofwolves.Whilewhytheformersoldierbecameattachedtothesebeautifulwildanimalsisalittleunclear,hehasbeencaringforthemsince1972. ］Thus,Wernerhasthegreatabilitytosurviveintheperiodofenteringthisgroupofanimalsandgettingalongwiththesecold-bloodedcreatures.2Theytouchhimwithnoses,playwithhim.Whafsmore,theyaregenerallyverysubmissivewhenheisaround,justliketheywouldbearoundaheadwolf!This,however,doesnothappenbychance.3Wheneverit'sfeedingtime,hecallshispacktocomefortherawmeatbyhowling.Asthehungryanimalsrushtogettheirfood,theyalwaysmeetwiththisscene.Wernersinkshisteethintotherawmeatfirst.Whatmaysoundalittlecruelishowthehierarchy（等级制度）isbuiltintheanimalworld.4Whenhesignals,therestofthepackcanjoinin.Wernefswolvesknowthisrulequitewellandneverchallengehisauthority.Wolves,thelargestmemberofthedogfamily,aremistakenlybelievedtobedangerous.5Theyarebeautifulgentlesouls,whosereputationhasbeenspoiledbyfairytaleslikeRedRidingHood!A.Butinrealitytheyrarelyattackhumans.B.Theyareconsideredasthesmartestbeasts.C.Wernerworksonitwithasimpleacteveryday.D.Wernerseemstoknowwherewolvescomefrom.E.Itisalwaysthestrongestmalethatgetsthefirstmeal.F.ThewolvestreatWernerasifhewereoneoftheirown.G.Armyexperienceleaveshimastrongbodyandenergeticstate.答案［语篇解读］语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:老兵Werner和狼和谐共处的故事。.G过渡句。根据上下文可知，空格处承上启下，说明以前的从军经历对他的能力的影响。空前的“formersoldier”呼应G选项中的Armyexperience,空后的“Thus”“thegreatability”与G选项中的“astrongbodyandenergeticstate”呼应。.F主旨句。根据下文“Theytouchhimwithnoses,playwithhim.What'smore,theyaregenerallyverysubmissivewhenheisaround,justliketheywouldbearoundaheadwolf!”可知,空后的They指代的是F项中提至U的wolves,本段最后的“justliketheywouldbearoundaheadwolf'与选项F中的“asifhewereoneoftheirown”呼应。.C细节句。根据上文“This,however,doesnothappenbychance.”可知,这件事并非偶然发生，下文提到他给狼群生肉吃。所以选项C符合语境，说明发生的原因。.E过渡句。上文提到动物之中有等级制度,空处应继续讲等级制度的具体表现，下文又提到Werner示意后狼才能去吃。这与E项:Itisalwaysthestrongestmalethatgetsthefirstmeal.相吻合。.A过渡句。上文与下文形成转折关系，空处应说明其实狼并不是很危险，这与A项“Butinrealitytheyrarelyattackhumans.“相吻合。Passage9Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.］Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias（偏见）,atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.Tostudy’jumping”,weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneralpopulation.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannonjumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.2InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightsignificantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid-evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.Sowhatisbehind’jumping"?Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopathwaysofthought:theautomaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasily,spontaneouslyandwithouteffort,andthecontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Thestudyfoundthatjumpersandnon-jumperswereequallyinfluencedbyautomaticthoughts.3Itisthecontrolledsystemthathelpspeoplecounterbalancementalbiasesintroducedbytheautomaticsystem.Asaresultjumpersweremorelikelytoaccepttheconclusionsmadeatfirstblushwithoutfurtherquestioning.Alackofcontrolledthinkingwasalsomorebroadlyconnectedtotheirproblematicbeliefsandfaultyreasoning.4Amethodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeoplethinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnaboutthemisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstochipawayatparticipants*overconfidence.Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourgutisafrequentandimportantone.5Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesomemoretimebeforemakingachoice.A.Happily,theremaybesomehopeforjumpers.B.Also,jumpershadproblemswithoverconfidence.C.Butafairnumberofindividualsarequicktojumptoconclusions.D.Itiscertainlypossibleforthemtooverthinkthingstotakeadecision.E.Weplantocontinuetheworktotraceotherproblemsintroducedbyjumping.F.Thejumpers,however,didnotengageincontrolledreasoningtothesamedegreeasnon-jumpers.G.Recentstudiesshowthatevengatheringjustalittlebitmoreevidencemayhelpusavoidamajormistake.答案［语篇解读］本文为说明文。一些人在做决定之前会跳过很多细节直接下结论，这种思考方式是一种认知偏见。1.C此空在文章第一段，目的是引出本文重点讨论的对象jumpers,即跳过细节直接下结论的人，这与设空处前一句提到的做决定前会认真思考每个细节的人，即下文中提到的non-jumpers形成对比。.B此段主要阐述jumpers的缺点，设空处前一句提到第一个缺点(出错更多)，设空处后一句阐述这些人自负的具体表现,所以设空处则是第二个缺点 自负(overconfidence)。.F此段提到了两种思考路径theautomaticsystem和thecontrolledsystem»设空处前一句针对jumpers和non-jumpers提到了他们与第一种思考路径的关系，那么设空处应该还是针对这两种人,但提到的应该是第二种思考路径,F项满足这两个要求。.A前文阐述了jumpers的缺点，本段则是提出用•种训练方法可以针对这些偏见训练jumpers,也就是说jumpers也是有希望的，所以选A。.G此段为总结段落，设空处后一句再次提出在做重要决定前要花点时间去思考,所以设空处也是在提醒为避免出现重大错误,做决定前应该多收集些证据，这与首段中提到的认真思考每个细节(g。overeverydetail)相呼应。Passage10TheTruthaboutYourMemoryWhatwouldyoubewithoutyourmemories?Howimportantisyourabilitytorememberthepastandtodrawonittohelpyouknowwhattodonext?I'llanswerforyou:It*srightuptherewithbreathingandeating.1_However,mostpeopleknowlittleaboutmemory.AstudybyresearchpsychologistsDanielSimonsandChristopherChabrisaskedpeoplesimplequestionsaboutmemoryandthencomparedtheiranswerswiththoseofexpertsinmemoryresearch.2Forinstance,tothequestion“Istherea'videocamera*inyourhead?'',63%ofpeoplesurveyedstronglyagreedormostlyagreedthathumanmemory“workslikeavideocamera,accuratelyrecordingtheeventsweseeandhearsothatwecanreviewandinspectthemlater”.Noneoftheexpertsstronglyagreedormostlyagreedthatmemoryfunctionslikethat.Sohowdoesmemorywork?3Hemeanswellandwantstohelp,butthebesthecandoistellyoustories.Andlikeallgoodstorytellers,heeditsforimpact,efficiency,functionality,andclarity.Hetellsyouwhatheassumesyouneedtoknow.Healsomakeshonestmistakes—lotsandlotsofthem.Sometimeshejustgetsconfusedandleavesoutsomethingimportant.Hecouldevenincludeinaccurateinformationbyaccident.Inotherwords,thereisnoconsistentororderlysensetomemory.Amemorywillbehiddenawayandconnectedtoothermemoriesorconceptsinwaysthatarenotnecessarilypracticalorlogical.4Memoriescometousinawaythatissimilartohowarchaeologistsandpolicedetectivesusebitsofinformationtoconstructstoriesaboutpastpeopleandevents.5Fortunately,enoughhasbeenrevealedtoofferuswiseandsafeguidancethroughdailylife.Yourmemoryisbestthoughtofashelpfulinput.Wedon'tneedtoremembereverydetailabouteverything.A.Theresearchershadaverytoughtimeunderstandinghumanmemories.B.Thehumanbrainisstillamysteriousuniverseinmanyways,ofcourse.C.Astudyshowsrecallingthepastcanchangethememoryofwhatreallyhappened.D.Theresultsshowhowfarremovedfromrealitythepublic'sbeliefsaboutmemoryare.E.Onewouldthinkthatunderstandinghowmemoryworkswouldbeahighpriorityforallpeople.F.Iprefertodescribeitassomethinglikeanoldmansittingbyacampfiresomewheredeepinyourbrain.G.Thisiswhyaparticularsmellorsoundmaybringupamemoryeventhoughitwasn'timportantintheoriginalexperience.答案［语篇解读］本文为说明文。本文阐述了记忆的真相。.E由第二段首句中的However可知，该句与设空处为转折关系。可能人们认为了解我们的记忆是如何工作对所有人来说是尤为重要的一件事,但其实大部分人对记忆知之甚少。.D设空处后的Forinstance在提示后面的例子是对设空处的论述进行解释说明,而此段的第一句已经亮明主旨，即大部分人对记忆并不了解,所以设空处再次表明人们对记忆的认知与记忆的真实情况相去-4-P»—甚匹O.F设空处后一句中的主语是He,但设空处前一句中并没有提到这个人，这就说明我们要从选项中找到这个人，即F项中出现的anoldman。.G设空处前一句提到记忆将被隐藏起来，并以不一定实用或合乎逻辑的方式与其他记忆或概念连接起来。“不一定实用或合乎逻辑的方式”指的就是G项中出现的一种特殊的气味或声音(aparticularsmellorsound),它们虽然看似不重要，但是能唤起记忆。.B本文探究记忆的真相就是在探究人类的大脑，设空处后提到的“已透露足够多了(enoughhasbeenrevealed)”,指的也是探索人类大脑的成果,B项中出现的Thehumanbrain与之呼应。Passage11Whenyou'rebehindthewheel,distractions(分心的事物)costlives.Nevertheless,driverstakeselfies,andrespondtotextmessages.］Smartphonesareoftenattherootofthesetragedies.AsBigTechsetsitssightsonmodemvehicles,it'sappropriatetoaskifit'stimetolimitattention-stealingtechnologythatdistractsthedriver.BigTechwantstotakeontheautomotiveindustry.Anditisgoodatgrabbingbothattentionandinformationfromusers.Atfirst,thegoalofthesetechnologycompanieswastogiveawayservicesatnocost,simplytoattractacustomerbase.2Theirincreasingthirstforvaluableuserinformationhasledthemtotheautomotiveindustry,whereawholenewworldofdataawaits.Locationdata,frequentdestinations,passengerpreferences—suchdataisfoundinfamilycars.3Mobiletechiswalledofffromvehicleoperatingsystemsbysoftwarethatkeepsinfotainment(informationandentertainment)featuresawayfromthemission-criticaldrivingelectronics.Ifautomakersgiveuptheircoreoperatingsystemtotechpowerhouses,theywillessentiallybecomehardwaresupplierstoSiliconValley.4Theirresponsibilityistofocusattentionontheroad,providingvehicleinformationandasmallamountofentertainmentoptionswhilegettingpassengersfromplacetoplaceassafelyaspossible.Smartphonemakersanddigital-mediaprovidersdon'thavethispriority.Theywanteyesontheirproducts,notontheroad.Withelectricvehiclestransformingtheautoindustry,andartificialintelligencemorecommonthanever,we'reatadangerousmoment.5Becausetheirhardwareiswrappedaroundfamilies,theyhaveadutytokeepthemsafe.Theonlywaytheycandothatistomaintaincontrolofthedriver'sseat.Thequality,safetyandsecuritywillmakeorbreaktrustinautomakers.Withoutit,carswillbe