历年托福词汇题汇总440题

TOEFL词汇题精选440题001.Mostoftheseleaderswereinvolvedinpubliclifeasreformers,activistsworkingforwomen'srighttovote,orauthors,andwerenotrepresentativeatallofthegreatofordinarywomen.Theword"representative"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?typicalsatisfied(C)supportive(d)distinctive002.IntheUnitedStates,LouisComfortTiffany(1843-1933)wasthemostnotedexponentofthisstyle,producingagreatvarietyofglassformsandsurfaces,whichwerewidelycopiedintheirtimeandarehighlyprizedtoday.Theword"prized"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?valueduniversaluncommonpreserved003.TheArtNouveaustylewasamajorforceinthedecorativeartsfrom1895until1915,althoughitsinfluencecontinuedthroughoutthemid-1920's.ItwaseventuallytobeovertakenbyanewschoolofthoughtknownasFunctionalismthathadbeenpresentsincetheturnofthecentury.Theword"overtaken"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?surpassedinclinedexpressedapplied004.Duringmostoftheirlives,surgeglaciersbehavelikenormalglaciers,travelingperhapsonlyacoupleofinchesperday.However,atintervalsof10to100years,theseglaciersmoveforwardupto100timesfasterthanusual.Theword"intervals"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?recordsspeedsdistancesperiods005.Theincreasingwaterpressureundertheglaciermightliftitoffitsbed,overcomingthefrictionbetweeniceandrock,thusfreeingtheglacier,whichrapidlyslidersdownhillsurgeglaciersalsomightbeinfluencedbytheclimate,volcanicheat,orearthquakes.Theword"freeing"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?pushingreleasingstrengtheningdraining006.AfloodoficewouldthensurgeintotheSouthernSea.Withthecontinuedriseinsealevel,moreicewouldplungeintotheocean,causingsealevelstoriseevenhigher,whichinturnwouldreleasemoreiceandsetinmotionaviciouscycle.Theword"plunge"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?dropextendmeltdrift007.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto"getthingsdone."Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingofasocialgroup'smembers.Theword"collective"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?necessarytypicalgroupparticular008.Theyoffersympathywhensomeoneexperiencesdifficultiesorissubjectedtodiscipline,arequicktolightenaseriousmomentwithhumor,andtrytoresolveissuesthatthreatentodividethegroup.仅供参考Theword"resolve"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?avoidrepeatingtalkaboutavoidthinkingaboutfindasolutionfor009.Thousandsoftonswereextractedbefore1875,whenitwasfirstnoticedthatthetarcontainedfossilremains.Majorexcavationswereundertakenthatestablishedthesignificanceofthisremarkablesite.Theword"noticed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?predictedannouncedcorrectedobserved010.Sincethen,over100tonsoffossils,1.5millionfromvertebrates,2.5millionfrominvertebrates,havebeenrecovered,oftenindenselyconcentratedtangledmasses.Theword"tangled"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?buriedbeneathtwistedtogetherquicklyformedeasilydated011.TheasphaltatLaBreaseepstothesurface,especiallyinthesummer,andformsshallowpuddlesthatwouldoftenhavebeenconcealedbyleavesanddust.Theword"concealed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?highlightedcoveredtransformedcontaminated012.Theoceanbottomaregionnearly2.5timesgreaterthanthetotallandareaoftheEarthisavastfrontierthateventodayislargelyunexploredanduncharted,untilaboutacenturyago,thedeep-oceanfloorwascompletelyinaccessible,hiddenbeneathwatersaveragingover3,600metersdeep.Theword"inaccessible"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?unrecognizableunreachableunusableunsafe013.TheDSDP'sdrillship,theGlomarChallenger,wasabletomaintainasteadypositionontheocean'ssurfaceanddrillinverydeepwaters,extractingsamplesofsedimentsandrockfromtheoceanfloor.Theword"extracting"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?breakinglocatingremovinganalyzing014.Today,largelyonthestrengthofevidencegatheredduringtheGlomarChallenger'svoyages,nearlyallearthscientistsagreeonthetheoriesofplatetectonicsandcontinentaldriftthatexplainmanyofthegeologicalprocessesthatshapetheEarth.Theword"strength"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?basispurposediscoveryendurance015.ForeverythreeCanadiansin1945,therewereoverfivein1966.InSeptember1966Canada'spopulationpassedthe20millionmark.Mostofthissurginggrowthcamefromnaturalincrease.Theword"surging"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?newextraacceleratingsurprising016.Whentheprairieswerebeingsettled,undoubtedly,thegoodeconomicconditionsofthe1950'ssupportedagrowthinthepopulation,buttheexpansionalsoderivedfromatrendtowardearliermarriagesandanincreaseintheaveragesizeoffamilies.Theword"trend"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?tendencyaimgrowthdirective017.Afterthepeakyearof1957,thebirthrateinCanadabegantodecline.Itcontinuedfallinguntilin1966,itstoodatthelowestlevelin25years.Theword"peak"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?pointeddismalmountainmaximum018.AlthoughthegrowthinCanada'spopulationhadsloweddownby1966(theincreasethefirsthalfofthe1960'swasonlyninepercent),anotherlargepopulationwavewascomingoverthehorizon.Itwouldbecomposedofthechildrenwhowerebornduringtheperiodofthehighbirthratepriorto1957.Thephrase"priorto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?behindsinceduringpreceding019.Advocatesoforganicfoodsatermwhosemeaningvariesgreatlyfrequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.Theword"Advocates"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?ProponentsMerchantsInspectorsConsumers020.Therearenumerousunsubstantiatedreportsthatnaturalvitaminsaresuperiortosyntheticones,thatfertilizedeggsarenutritionallysuperiortounfertilizedeggs,thatuntreatedgrainsarebetterthanfumigatedgrains,andthelike.Theword"unsubstantiated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?unbelievableuncontestedunpopularunverified021.Butinmanycasesconsumersaremisledif学习文档

theybelieveorganicfoodscanmaintainhealthandprovidebetternutritionalqualitythanconventionallygrownfoods.Sothereisrealcauseforconcernifconsumers,particularlythosewithlimitedincomes,distrusttheregularfoodsupplyandbuyonlyexpensiveorganicfoodsinstead.Theword"maintain"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?improvemonitorpreserverestore022.Inaddition,therewereperformersandsinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Theword"considerable"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?thoughtfulsubstantialrelationalceremonial023.Inaddition,therewereperformersandsinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Theword"enactment"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?establishmentperformanceauthorizationseason024.StaggeringtasksconfrontedthepeopleoftheUnitedStates,NorthandSouth,whentheCivilWarended.Aboutamillionandahalfsoldiersfrombothsideshadtobedemobilized,readjustedtocivilianlife,andreabsorbedbythedevastatedeconomy.Theword"Staggering"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?specializedconfusingvariousoverwhelming025.Aboutamillionandahalfsoldiersfrombothsideshadtobedemobilized,readjustedtocivilianlife,andreabsorbedbythedevastated仅供参考economy.Theword"devastated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?developingruinedcomplicatedfragile026.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Theword"demonstrated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?ignoredshoweddisguiseddistinguished027.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Theword"extend"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?stretchbranchincreaserotate028.Byopeningvastareasofunoccupiedlandforresidentialexpansion,theomnibuses,horserailways,commutertrains,andelectrictrolleyspulledsettledregionsoutwardtwotofourtimesmoredistantfromcitycentersthantheywereinthepremodernera.Theword"vast"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?largebasicnewurban029.Thenewaccessibilityoflandaroundtheperipheryofalmosteverymajorcitysparkedanexplosionofrealestatedevelopmentandfueledwhatwenowknowasurbansprawl.Between1890and1920,forexample,some250,000newresidentiallotswererecordedwithinthebordersofChicago,mostofthemlocatedinoutlyingareas.Theword"sparked"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?broughtaboutsurroundedsentoutfollowed030.Anxioustotakeadvantageofthepossibilitiesofcommuting,realestatedevelopersadded800,000potentialbuildingsitestotheChicagoregioninjustthirtyyears-lotsthatcouldhavehousedfivetosixmillionpeople.Theword"potential"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?certainpopularimprovedpossible031.Thequalityofpreservationisoutstanding,butwhatisevenmoreimpressiveisthenumberofichthyosaurfossilscontainingpreservedembryos.Theword"outstanding"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?extensivesurprising(c)verticalexcellent032.Ichthyosaurswithembryoshavebeenreportedfrom6differentlevelsoftheshaleinasmallareaaroundHolzamden,suggestingthataspecificsitewasusedbylargenumbersofichthyosaursrepeatedlyovertime.Theword"site"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?examplelocationdevelopmentcharacteristic033.Thequalityofpreservationisalmostunmatched,andquarryoperationshavebeencarriedoutcarefullywithanawarenessofthevalueofthefossils.Butthesefactorsdonot仅供参考accountfortheinterestingquestionofhowtherecametobesuchaconcentrationofpregnantichthyosaursinaparticularplaceveryclosetotheirtimeofgivingbirth.Thephrase"accountfor"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?recorddescribeequalexplain034.Intheseventeenthcenturytheorgan,theclavichord,andtheharpsichordbecamethechiefinstrumentsofthekeyboardgroup,asupremacytheymaintaineduntilthepianosupplantedthemattheendoftheeighteenthcentury.Thewords"asupremacy"inline9areclosestinmeaningtoasuggestionanimprovementadominanceadevelopment035.Aseriesofmechanicalimprovementscontinuingwellintothenineteenthcentury,includingtheintroductionofpedalstosustaintoneortosoftenit,theperfectionofametalframe,andsteelwireofthefinestquality,finallyproducedaninstrumentcapableofmyriadtonaleffectsfromthemostdelicateharmoniestoanalmostorchestralfullnessofsound,fromaliquid,singingtonetoaship,percussivebrilliance.Theword"myriad"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?noticeablemanyloudunusual036.Eachonewasvirtuallyastonetown,whichiswhytheSpanishwouldlatercallthempueblos,theSpanishwordfortowns.ThesepueblosrepresentoneoftheAnasazis'supremeachievements.AtleastadozenlargestonehousestookshapebelowthebluffsofChiacoCanyoninnorthwestNewMexico.Theword"supreme"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?mostcommonmostoutstandingmostexpensivemostconvenient037.Theyfunctionedassanctuarieswheretheeldersmettoplanfestivals,performritualdances,settlepuebloaffairs,andimparttriballoretotheyoungergeneration.Theword"settle"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?sinkdecideclarifylocate038.Then,toconnectthepueblosandtogiveaccesstothesurroundingtableland,thearchitectslaidoutasystemofpublicroadswithstonestaircasesforascendingclifffaces.Theword"ascending"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?arrivingatcarvingconnectingclimbing039.Withinaveryshorttime,however,theincongruityofplayinglivelymusictoasolemnfilmbecameapparent,andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomecareinmatchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthefilm.Theword"solemn"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?simpleseriousshort(d)silent040.Certainfilmshadmusicespeciallycomposedforthem.ThemostfamousoftheseearlyspecialscoreswasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.W.Griffith'sfilmBirthofaNation,whichwasreleasedin1915.Theword"composed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?selectedcombinedplayedcreatedTheword"scores"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?totalssuccessesmusicalcompositionsgroupsofmusicians041.TheEarthcomprisesthreeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicaterocksthataresemimoltenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrust.Theword"comprises"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?adaptstobenefitsfromconsistsoffocuseson042.TheseplatesmoveoverthesemimoltenlowermantletoproduceallofthemajortopographicalfeaturesoftheEarth.Activezoneswhereintensedeformationoccursareconfinedtothenarrow,interconnectingboundariesofcontactoftheplates.Theword"intense"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?surfacesuddenrareextreme043.NewoceaniccrustisformedalongoneormoremarginsofeachplatebymaterialissuingfromdeeperlayersoftheEarth'scrust,forexample,byvolcaniceruptionsoflavaatmidoceanridges.Theword"margins"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?edgespeaksinteriorsdistances044.Ifatsuchaspreadingcontactthetwoplatessupportcontinents,ariftisformedthatwillgraduallywidenandbecomefloodedbythesea.TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethisastheAmericanandAfro-Europeanplatesmoveinoppositedirections.Theword"support"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?separatecreatereducehold045.Coincidentwithconcernsabouttheacceleratinglossofspeciesandhabitatshasbeenagrowingappreciationoftheimportanceofbiologicaldiversity,thenumberofspeciesinaparticularecosystem,tothehealthoftheEarthandhumanwell-being.Theword"appreciation"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?ignorancerecognitiontoleranceforgiveness046.AnalienexploringEarthwouldprobablygiveprioritytotheplanet'sdominant,most-distinctivefeature-theocean.Humanshaveabiastowardlandthatsometimesgetsinthewayoftrulyexaminingglobalissues.Theword"bias"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?concerndisadvantage(c)attitudeprejudice047.TheprevailingwindsintheGreatBasinarefromthewest.Warm,moistairfromthePacificOceanisforcedupwardasitcrossestheSierraNevada.Theword"prevailing"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?mostfrequentoccasionalgentlemostdangerous048.Thereseemtohavebeenseveralperiodswithinthelasttensofthousandsofyearswhenwateraccumulatedinthesebasins.TheriseandfallofthelakeswereundoubtedlylinkedtotheadvancesandretreatsofthegreaticesheetsthatcoveredmuchofthenorthernpartoftheNorthAmericancontinentduringthosetimes.Theword"accumulated"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?driedfloodedcollectedevaporated049.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverything仅供参考aboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?Thephrase"bizarre"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?oddmarinesimplerare050.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintothewater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.Thephrase"castsoff"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?growsagaingrabsgetsridof(D)usesasaweapon051.Afolkcultureissmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Theword"homogeneous"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?uniformgeneralprimitivetraditional052.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAnglo-AmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlaborsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage.Thephrase"largelyrenounces"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?generallyrejectsgreatlymodifiesloudlydeclaresoftencriticizes053.Secularinstitutions,ofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandarmytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoneybasedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,"popular"maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom"folk".Theword"prevails"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?dominatesprovidesdevelopsinvests054.Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherehavelimitedvalueinpredictingshort-livedlocalstormsliketheEdmontontornado,becausetheavailableweatherdataaregenerallynotdetailedenoughtoallowcomputerstodiscernthesubtleatmosphericchangesthatprecedethesestorms.Theword"subtle"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?complexregularimaginedslight055.Communicationssatellitescantransmitdataaroundtheworldcheaplyandinstantaneously,andmoderncomputerscanquicklycompileandanalyzingthislargevolumeofweatherinformation.Theword"compile"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?puttogetherlookuppilehighworkover056.Meteorologistsandcomputerscientistsnowworktogethertodesigncomputerprogramsandvideoequipmentcapableoftransformingrawweatherdataintowords,symbols,andvividgraphicdisplaysthatforecasterscaninterpreteasilyandquickly.Theword"raw"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?stormyinaccurateuncookedunprocessed057.PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywerehauntedbytheprospectthatunprecedentedchangeinthenation'seconomywouldbringsocialchaos.Theword"Prospect"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?regretpossibilitytheorycircumstance058.Althoughthebirthratecontinuedtodeclinefromitshighleveloftheeighteenthandearlynineteenthcentury,thepopulationroughlydoubledeverygenerationduringtherestofthenineteenthcenturies.Asthepopulationgrew,itsmakeupalsochanged.Theword"roughly"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?harshlysurprisinglyslowlyapproximately059.Rapidindustrializationandincreasedgeographicmobilityinthenineteenthcenturyhadspecialimplicationsforwomenbecausethesechangestendedtomagnifysocialdistinctions.Astherolesmenandwomenplayedinsocietybecamemorerigidlydefined,sodidtherolestheyplayedinthehome.Theword"magnify"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?solveexplainanalyzeincreaseTheword"distinctions"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?differencesclassesaccomplishmentscharacteristics060.Inscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatarerelated.Atheoryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistspicturethewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Theword"related"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?connecteddescribedcompleted(d)identified061.Ifobservationsconfirmthescientists'predictions,thetheoryissupported.Theword"supported"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?finishedadjustedinvestigatedupheld062.Theicetradegrewwiththegrowthofcities.Icewasusedinhotels,taverns,andhospitals,andbysomeforward-lookingcitydealersinfreshmeat,freshfish,andbutter.Thephrase"forward-looking"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?progressivepopularthriftywell-established063.Makinganefficienticeboxwasnotaseasyaswemightnowsuppose.Intheearlynineteenthcentury,theknowledgeofthephysicsofheat,whichwasessentialtoascienceofrefrigeration,wasrudimentary.Theword"rudimentary"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?growingundevelopednecessaryuninteresting064.Asidefromperpetuatingitself,thesolepurposeoftheAmericanAcademyandInstituteofArtsandLettersisto"foster,assistandsustainaninterest"inliterature,music,andart.Theword"sole"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?onlyhonorablecommonofficial069.Thevariationbetweenthehemispherescorrespondstowhichsideofthebodyisused065.OneawardsubsidizesapromisingAmericanwriter'svisittoRome.Thereisevenanawardforaverygoodworkoffictionthatfailedcommercially-oncewonbytheyoungJohnUpdikefor069.ThevariationbetweenthehemispherescorrespondstowhichsideofthebodyisusedTheword"subsidizes"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?assuresfinancesschedulespublishes066.Committeemembershiprotateseveryyear,sothatnewvoicesandopinionsareconstantlyheard.Theword"rotates"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?alternatesparticipatesdecidesmeets067.Oneimportantlineofevidencecomesfromflakingpatternsofstonecoresusedintoolmaking:implementsflakedwithaclockwisemotion(indicatingaright-handedtoolmaker)canbedistinguishedfromhoseflakedwithacounter-clockwiserotation(indicatingaleft-handedtoolmaker).Theword"implements"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?toolsdesignsexamplespieces068.Evenscratchesfoundonfossilhumanteethofferclues.Ancienthumansarethoughttohavecutmeatintostripsbyholdingitbetweentheirteethandslicingitwithstoneknives,asdothepresent-dayInuit.Theword"clues"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?solutionsdetailsdamageinformationtoperformspecificactivities.Suchstudies,aswellasstudiesoftooluse,indicatethatright-orleft-sideddominanceisnotexclusivetomodernHomosapiens.Theword"hemispheres"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?differencessidesactivitiesstudies070.Plantsaresubjecttoattackandinfectionbyaremarkablevarietyofsymbioticspeciesandhaveevolvedadiversearrayofmechanismsdesignedtofrustratethepotentialcolonists.Thephrase"subjectto"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?susceptibletoclassifiedbyattractivetostrengthenedby071.Theexternalsurfacesofplants,inadditiontobeingcoveredbyanepidermisandawaxycuticle,oftencarryspikyhairsknownastrichomes,whicheitherpreventfeedingbyinsectsormayevenpunctureandkillinsectlarvae.Theword"puncture"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?piercepinchsurroundcover072.Orchidsareuniqueinhavingthemosthighlydevelopedofallblossoms,inwhichtheusualmaleandfemalereproductiveorgansarefusedinasinglestructurecalledthecolumn.Theword"fused"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?combined(b)hiddenfertilizedproduced073.Toluretheirpollinatorsfromafar,orchidsuseappropriatelyintriguingshapes,colors,andscents.Atleast50differentaromaticcompoundshavebeenanalyzedintheorchidfamily,eachblendedtoattractone,orat仅供参考mostafew,speciesofinsectsorbirds.Theword"lure"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?attractrecognizefollowhelp074.Oncetherightinsecthasbeenattracted,someorchidspresentallsortsofone-wayobstaclecoursestomakesureitdoesnotleaveuntilpollenhasbeenaccuratelyplacedorremoved.Theword"placed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?estimatedmeasureddepositedidentified075.Bysuchingeniousadaptationstospecificpollinators,orchidshaveavoidedthehazardsoframpantcrossbreedinginthewild,assuringthesurvivalofspeciesasdiscreteidentities.Atthesametimetheyhavemadethemselvesirresistibletocollectors.Theword"discrete"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?complicatedseparateinoffensivefunctional076.Thepublicschoolsystemsuddenlyfounditselfovertaxed.Whilethenumberofschoolchildrenrosebecauseofwartimeandpostwarconditions,thesesameconditionsmadetheschoolsevenlesspreparedtocopewiththeflood.Theword"overtaxed"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?wellpreparedplentifullysuppliedheavilyburdenedchargedtoomuch077.Therefore,inthe1950'sand1960's,thebabyboomhitanantiquatedandinadequateschoolsystem.Consequently,the"custodialrhetoric"ofthe1930'sandearly1940'snolongermadesense;thatis,keepingyouthsagedsixteenandolderoutofthelabormarketbykeepingtheminschoolcouldnolongerbeahighpriorityforaninstitutionunabletofindspaceandstafftoteachyoungerchildrenagedfivetosixteen.Theword"inadequate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?deficientexpandedinnovativespecialized078.Withthebabyboom,thefocusofeducatorsandoflaymeninterestedineducationinevitablyturnedtowardthelowergradesandbacktobasicacademicskillsanddiscipline.Theword"inevitably"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?unwillinglyimpartiallyirrationallyunavoidably079.DeeplyphilosophicalhistorianssuchasHenryAdamslamentedtherolethatthenewfrenzyforbusinesswasplayinginerodingtraditionalvalues.Adistrustofindustryandbusinesscontinuedamongwritersthroughouttherestofthenineteenthcenturyandintothetwentieth.Theword"lamented"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?complainedaboutanalyzedexplainedreflectedon080.Onethinksofmelodramas,boys'books,thrillers,romances,andthelikeratherthannovelsofthefirstrank.Thephrase"firstrank"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?largestcategoryhighestqualityearliestwritersmostdifficultlanguage081.Thesewriters,whocangenuinelybesaidtohavecreatedagenre,the"railroadnovel,"arenowmostlyforgotten,theirnameshavingfadedfrommemory.Thewords"fadedfrom"inline21areclosestin仅供参考meaningtogrewindisappearedfromremainedindevelopedfrom082.Theenginethatbecamestandardonwesternsteamboatswasofadifferentandnoveldesign.ItwastheworkprimarilyofanunsungheroofAmericanindustrialprogress,OliverEvans(1755-1819).Theword"novel"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?fictionalintricateinnovativepowerful083.Theself-educatedsonofaDelawarefarmer,Evansearlybecameobsessedbythepossibilitiesofmechanizedproductionandsteampower.Asearlyas1802hewasusingastationarysteamengineofhigh-pressuredesigninhismill.Enginesofthistypewerenotunknown,butbeforeEvanstheyweregenerallyconsideredimpracticalanddangerous.Theword"stationary"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?singlefixedlocomotivemodified084.Inshallowwesternriverstheweightofvesselandenginewasimportant;aheavyengineaddedtotheproblemofnavigation.Theword"vessel"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?fuelcrewcargocraft085.Thekeyconceptsemergedabout1957.TownesandArthurSchawlow,thenatBellTelephoneLaboratories,wrotealongpaperoutliningtheconditionsneededtoamplifystimulatedemissionofvisiblelightwaves.Theword"emerged"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?increasedconcludedsucceededappearedTheword"outlining"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?assigningstudyingcheckingsummarizing086.Onthisperfectsurface,theartistwouldsketchacompositionwithchalk,refineitwithinks,andthenbeginthedeliberateprocessofapplyingthinlayersofeggtemperapaint(eggyolkinwhichpigmentsaresuspended)withsmallbrushes.Theword"deliberate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?decisivecarefulnaturalunusual087.Thequick-dryingtemperademandedthattheartistknowexactlywhereeachstrokebeplacedbeforethebrushmetthepanel,anditrequiredtheuseoffinebrushes.Theword"demanded"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?orderedreportedrequiredquestioned088.Thepainterormasterwhoiscreditedwithhavingcreatedthepaintingmayhavedesignedtheworkandoverseenitsproduction,butitishighlyunlikelythattheartist'shandappliedeverystrokeofthebrush.Morelikely,numerousassistants,whohadbeentrainedtoimitatetheartist'sstyle,appliedthepaint.Theword"imitate"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?copyillustratepromotebelievein089.Ontheotherhand,whenitcomestosubstantive-particularlybehavioral-information,crowsarelesswellknownthanmanycomparablycommonspeciesand,forthatmatter,notafewquiteuncommonones:仅供参考theendangeredCaliforniacondor,tociteoneobviousexample.Therearepracticalreasonsforthis.Theword"comparably"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?interestinglysimilarlyotherwisesometimes090.Beingsoeducable,individualbirdshavemarkedlydifferentinterestsandinclinations,strategiesandscams.Theword"inclination"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?tricksopportunitiespreferencesexperiences091.Theconfusionandcongestionofindividualcitizenslookingfortheirletterswasitselfenoughtodiscourageuseofthemail.Itisnowonderthat,duringtheyearsofthesecumbersomearrangements,privatelettercarryingandexpressbusinessesdeveloped.Theword"cumbersome"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?burdensomehandsomeloathsomequarrelsome092.Butthisdeliveryservicewasatfirstconfinedtocities,andfreehomedeliverybecameamarkofurbanism.Aslateas1887,atownhadtohave10,000peopletobeeligibleforfreehomedelivery.Theword"Confined"isclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing?grantedscheduledlimitedrecommended093.Theywere,bytraining,socialscientists,nothistorians,andtheirworktendedtoreflectthisbias.Thequestionstheyframedandthetechniquestheyusedweredesignedtohelpthemunderstand,asscientists,howpeoplebehaved.Theword"framed"isclosestinmeaningtoreadavoidedposed094.InKingston,NewYork,forexample,evidencehasbeenuncoveredthatindicatesthatEnglishgoodswerebeingsmuggledintothatcityatatimewhentheDutchsupposedlycontrolledtradinginthearea.Theword"supposedly"isclosestinmeani