猪病控制的基本原理-美国课件

SwineDiseaseControlPrinciples

猪病控制的基本原理

UniversityofIllinoisCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineEconomicCostofDisease疾病的经济损失DeathLoss 死亡损失ObviouslySickPigs 明显的病猪TreatmentCosts 治疗开支LostProduction 生产损失LostAccesstoMarkets市场的丧失Disease

疾病Alterationofthestateofthebody,orinsomeofitsorgans,whichinterruptsordisturbstheproperperformanceofthebodilyfunctions.机体或者其部分器官的状态发生改变，引起机体正常功能的紊乱Infection

感染Organismssuchasbacteria,viruses,etc., thatcancausediseasearecalledPathogens.

细菌，病毒等引起疾病的微生物称为病原Notallmicroorganismsarepathogenic.

并非所有微生物都有致病性Someareopportunists.

有些是条件性病原体Somearenon-pathogenic,somearehelpful.

有些为非致病性的，有些则有益Infection

感染Beneficialbacteriacannotcompetewithstrongpathogenicbacteria.

有益菌不能在与强致病菌竞争中取胜Opportunistscanbecomemorepathogenicwithexperience.

条件性病原体可随环境或经历可变为致病菌SourcesofInfection 感染源Directcontactwithadiseasedpig

与病猪直接接触ContactthroughFomites. 与污染物接触

boots,trucks,dirtyequipment,people鞋，车，脏污的设备，人员ContactwithDiseaseCarriers.

与疾病携带者接触

AirBorneInfections.

空气传播感染SourcesofInfection 感染源Infectionfromsoil.由土壤感染Infectionfromfeedorwater.由饲料或水感染

InfectionfrombloodsuckingArthropods.

由吸血昆虫感染

Infectionfromorganismsnormallycarried.

由正常携带的微生物感染PrimaryDefenses第一道防线Skin 皮肤Mucus 粘膜Air-filteringsystem 空气过滤系统Cilia 纤毛Acid 酸Enzymes 酶Antibodies

抗体Antibodiesareproteinsformedinresponsetoaninfection.

抗体是对感染发生反应而形成的蛋白质IgG,IgA,IgM,IgEPresenceofAbindicatesexposurebutnot

alwayspresenceofdisease有抗体说明接触过病原，但不一定发病Antibodyleveltestingnotcorrelatedwelltodiseaseresistance

抗体水平与抗病力无很好相关071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染071421...Ablevel抗体水平Infection感染抗体水平感染071421...ActivevsPassiveImmunity

主动与被动免疫'Active'ImmunityafterexposuretoapathogenorvaccineAbproduced7to10daysafterexposuretoaantigen.

主动免疫在病原或疫苗接触后产生，抗体产生于与病原接触后7～10天'Passive'Immunity- transferofantibodiesfromananotheranimalthathasbeenactivelyimmunized.

被动免疫－抗体由主动免疫过的动物转移而来

ColostrumandAntiserumarepassiveimmunity

初乳和抗血清带来的免疫力是被动免疫免疫模型ImmunityModelMaternalAbtypicallylastsfor3-4weeks.母源抗体一般持续3－4周ImmunodeficientSoworPoorColostrumIntakeVaccinatedSowUnvacc.SowBirth 3weeksImmunity免疫缺陷的母猪，或初乳摄入不足681012141618202224周伪狂犬病免疫模型PRVAblastsupto16weeks.伪狂犬病母源抗体可持续16周ImmunodeficientSoworPoorColostrumIntakeVaccinatedSowUnvacc.SowBirth weeks免疫缺陷的母猪，或初乳摄入不足免疫模型BoosterEffect强化效果免疫模型理想免疫模式为在被动免疫消失前激活主动免疫CombinedMaternalandActiveImmunity免疫缺陷的母猪TypicalBasicImmunizationProgram典型基础免疫计划

大肠杆菌(K88,K99,987P,F41)

口蹄疫FMD

丹毒Erysipelas

Parvovirus 细小病毒

猪瘟HogCholera 日本乙脑膜炎病毒JapaneseBEncephalitisSomeareas/herds: 一些地区/群体

伪狂犬病Pseudorabies 链球菌Strep 支原体 Mycoplasma 萎缩性鼻炎AtrophicRhinitis 胸膜肺炎放线杆菌APP 等...免疫和感染 ImmunityandInfection感染压力Infectionexposure免疫水平Immunelevel生病健康HealthSickness免疫和感染Lightexposure感染压力小

Immunized

免疫良好生病健康免疫和感染 ImmunityandInfectionHealthandprosperityVariabilityofImmunity 免疫力的变异

SpeciesResistance 种的抗性GeneticResistance 遗传抗性

resistantlines抗病系

robustness 耐病系Immunosuppressors 免疫抑制因子

mycotoxins 霉菌毒素Primaryinfectionbyimmunosuppressiveagents

由免疫抑制因子引起的初始感染

PRV伪狂犬病

Mange 疥癣

Mycoplasma 支原体VariabilityofImmunity

免疫力的变异性SeasonalFactors 季节因素EnvironmentalFactors 环境因素Stressors 应激因素NutritionalDeficiencies 营养缺陷免疫模型免疫模型VeryHighHighLowImmunity免疫缺陷的母猪，免疫模型VeryHighHighLowImmunity免疫缺陷的母猪，ExposureManagement:DecreasingThePathogenLoad

感染后的管理：减少病原数量InfectiveDoseofPathogen

病原的感染量RecyclingofPathogens

病原的再循环

EnhancementofPathogenicity 致病性加强

ExposureofYounganimalstoolderanimals.

幼龄动物与大龄动物接触免疫模型WindowofOpportunity免疫缺陷的母猪，Segregation,Isolation,Sanitation,Immunization 分离，隔离，卫生，免疫Separatesickpigsfromhealthy